关于java字节码框架ASM的学习
一、什么是ASM
ASM是一个java字节码操纵框架,它能被用来动态生成类或者增强既有类的功能。ASM 可以直接产生二进制 class 文件,也可以在类被加载入 Java 虚拟机之前动态改变类行为。Java class 被存储在严格格式定义的 .class文件里,这些类文件拥有足够的元数据来解析类中的所有元素:类名称、方法、属性以及 Java 字节码(指令)。ASM从类文件中读入信息后,能够改变类行为,分析类信息,甚至能够根据用户要求生成新类。
使用ASM框架需要导入asm的jar包,下载链接:asm-3.2.jar。
二、如何使用ASM
ASM框架中的核心类有以下几个:
① ClassReader:该类用来解析编译过的class字节码文件。
② ClassWriter:该类用来重新构建编译后的类,比如说修改类名、属性以及方法,甚至可以生成新的类的字节码文件。
③ ClassAdapter:该类也实现了ClassVisitor接口,它将对它的方法调用委托给另一个ClassVisitor对象。
示例1.通过asm生成类的字节码
1 package com.asm3; 2 3 import java.io.File; 4 import java.io.FileNotFoundException; 5 import java.io.FileOutputStream; 6 import java.io.IOException; 7 8 import org.objectweb.asm.ClassWriter; 9 import org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes; 10 11 /** 12 * 通过asm生成类的字节码 13 * @author Administrator 14 * 15 */ 16 public class GeneratorClass { 17 18 public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { 19 //生成一个类只需要ClassWriter组件即可 20 ClassWriter cw = new ClassWriter(0); 21 //通过visit方法确定类的头部信息 22 cw.visit(Opcodes.V1_5, Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC+Opcodes.ACC_ABSTRACT+Opcodes.ACC_INTERFACE, 23 "com/asm3/Comparable", null, "java/lang/Object", new String[]{"com/asm3/Mesurable"}); 24 //定义类的属性 25 cw.visitField(Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC+Opcodes.ACC_FINAL+Opcodes.ACC_STATIC, 26 "LESS", "I", null, new Integer(-1)).visitEnd(); 27 cw.visitField(Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC+Opcodes.ACC_FINAL+Opcodes.ACC_STATIC, 28 "EQUAL", "I", null, new Integer(0)).visitEnd(); 29 cw.visitField(Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC+Opcodes.ACC_FINAL+Opcodes.ACC_STATIC, 30 "GREATER", "I", null, new Integer(1)).visitEnd(); 31 //定义类的方法 32 cw.visitMethod(Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC+Opcodes.ACC_ABSTRACT, "compareTo", 33 "(Ljava/lang/Object;)I", null, null).visitEnd(); 34 cw.visitEnd(); //使cw类已经完成 35 //将cw转换成字节数组写到文件里面去 36 byte[] data = cw.toByteArray(); 37 File file = new File("D://Comparable.class"); 38 FileOutputStream fout = new FileOutputStream(file); 39 fout.write(data); 40 fout.close(); 41 } 42 }
生成一个类的字节码文件只需要用到ClassWriter类即可,生成Comparable.class后用javap指令对其进行反编译:javap -c Comparable.class >test.txt ,编译后的结果如下:
1 public interface com.asm3.Comparable extends com.asm3.Mesurable { 2 public static final int LESS; 3 4 public static final int EQUAL; 5 6 public static final int GREATER; 7 8 public abstract int compareTo(java.lang.Object); 9 }
注:一个编译后的java类不包含package和import段,因此在class文件中所有的类型都使用的是全路径。
示例2.修改类的字节码文件
C.java
1 package com.asm5; 2 3 public class C { 4 public void m() throws InterruptedException{ 5 Thread.sleep(100); 6 } 7 }
将C.java类的内容改为如下:
1 package com.asm5; 2 3 public class C { 4 public static long timer; 5 public void m() throws InterruptedException{ 6 timer -= System.currentTimeMillis(); 7 Thread.sleep(100); 8 timer += System.currentTimeMillis(); 9 } 10 }
为了弄清楚ASM是如何实现的,我们先编译这两个类,然后比对它们的TraceClassVisitor的输出,我们可以发现如下的不同(粗体表示)
GETSTATIC C.timer : J
INVOKESTATIC java/lang/System.currentTimilis()J
LSUB
PUTSTATIC C.timer : J
LDC 100
INVOKESTATIC java/lang/Thread.sleep(J)V
GETSTATIC C.timer : J
INVOKESTATIC java/lang/System.currentTimilis()J
LADD
PUTSTATIC C.timer : J
RETURN
MAXSTACK=4
MAXLOCALS=1
通过比对上面的指令,我们可以发现必须在m()方法的最前面增加四条指令,在RETURN指令前也增加四条指令,同时这四条必须位于xRETURN和ATHROW之前,因为这些指令都会结束方法的执行。
具体代码如下:
AddTimeClassAdapter.java
1 package com.asm5; 2 3 import org.objectweb.asm.ClassAdapter; 4 import org.objectweb.asm.ClassVisitor; 5 import org.objectweb.asm.FieldVisitor; 6 import org.objectweb.asm.MethodAdapter; 7 import org.objectweb.asm.MethodVisitor; 8 import org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes; 9 10 public class AddTimeClassAdapter extends ClassAdapter { 11 private String owner; 12 private boolean isInterface; 13 public AddTimeClassAdapter(ClassVisitor cv) { 14 super(cv); 15 } 16 @Override 17 public void visit(int version, int access, String name, String signature, 18 String superName, String[] interfaces) { 19 cv.visit(version, access, name, signature, superName, interfaces); 20 owner = name; 21 isInterface = (access & Opcodes.ACC_INTERFACE) != 0; 22 } 23 @Override 24 public MethodVisitor visitMethod(int access, String name, String desc, 25 String signature, String[] exceptions) { 26 MethodVisitor mv = cv.visitMethod(access, name, desc, signature, exceptions); 27 if(!name.equals("<init>") && !isInterface && mv!=null){ 28 //为方法添加计时功能 29 mv = new AddTimeMethodAdapter(mv); 30 } 31 return mv; 32 } 33 @Override 34 public void visitEnd() { 35 //添加字段 36 if(!isInterface){ 37 FieldVisitor fv = cv.visitField(Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC+Opcodes.ACC_STATIC, "timer", "J", null, null); 38 if(fv!=null){ 39 fv.visitEnd(); 40 } 41 } 42 cv.visitEnd(); 43 } 44 45 class AddTimeMethodAdapter extends MethodAdapter{ 46 public AddTimeMethodAdapter(MethodVisitor mv) { 47 super(mv); 48 } 49 @Override 50 public void visitCode() { 51 mv.visitCode(); 52 mv.visitFieldInsn(Opcodes.GETSTATIC, owner, "timer", "J"); 53 mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKESTATIC, "java/lang/System", "currentTimeMillis", "()J"); 54 mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.LSUB); 55 mv.visitFieldInsn(Opcodes.PUTSTATIC, owner, "timer", "J"); 56 } 57 @Override 58 public void visitInsn(int opcode) { 59 if((opcode>=Opcodes.IRETURN && opcode<=Opcodes.RETURN) || opcode==Opcodes.ATHROW){ 60 mv.visitFieldInsn(Opcodes.GETSTATIC, owner, "timer", "J"); 61 mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKESTATIC, "java/lang/System", "currentTimeMillis", "()J"); 62 mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.LADD); 63 mv.visitFieldInsn(Opcodes.PUTSTATIC, owner, "timer", "J"); 64 } 65 mv.visitInsn(opcode); 66 } 67 @Override 68 public void visitMaxs(int maxStack, int maxLocal) { 69 mv.visitMaxs(maxStack+4, maxLocal); 70 } 71 } 72 73 }
Generator.java
1 package com.asm5; 2 3 import java.io.File; 4 import java.io.FileNotFoundException; 5 import java.io.FileOutputStream; 6 import java.io.IOException; 7 8 import org.objectweb.asm.ClassAdapter; 9 import org.objectweb.asm.ClassReader; 10 import org.objectweb.asm.ClassWriter; 11 12 13 14 public class Generator { 15 16 public static void main(String[] args){ 17 try { 18 ClassReader cr = new ClassReader("com/asm5/C"); 19 ClassWriter cw = new ClassWriter(ClassWriter.COMPUTE_MAXS); 20 ClassAdapter classAdapter = new AddTimeClassAdapter(cw); 21 //使给定的访问者访问Java类的ClassReader 22 cr.accept(classAdapter, ClassReader.SKIP_DEBUG); 23 byte[] data = cw.toByteArray(); 24 File file = new File(System.getProperty("user.dir") + "\\WebRoot\\WEB-INF\\classes\\com\\asm5\\C.class"); 25 FileOutputStream fout = new FileOutputStream(file); 26 fout.write(data); 27 fout.close(); 28 System.out.println("success!"); 29 } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { 30 e.printStackTrace(); 31 } catch (IOException e) { 32 e.printStackTrace(); 33 } 34 } 35 36 }
下面是一个测试类:
1 package com.asm5; 2 3 public class Test { 4 public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException, IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException { 5 C c = new C(); 6 c.m(); 7 Class cc = c.getClass(); 8 System.out.println(cc.getField("timer").get(c)); 9 } 10 }
输出结果为:100