linux 按mac排序分配网卡名称

需求：设备有6个千电口，2个万兆光口。需要按类型和接口顺序排列后为它们分配网卡名称（请注意不是mac顺序，而是busid号）。

　　　　例如：

　　　　　　00-10-f3-ff-ff-xx-a1-35 --eth0
　　　　　　00-10-f3-ff-ff-xx-a1-36 --eth1
　　　　　　00-10-f3-ff-ff-xx-a1-37 --eth2
　　　　　　00-10-f3-ff-ff-xx-a1-38 --eth3
　　　　　　00-10-f3-ff-ff-xx-a1-39 --eth4
　　　　　　00-10-f3-ff-ff-xx-a1-3a --eth5

　　　　　　00-10-f3-ff-ff-oo-bb-97 --fb10
　　　　　　00-10-f3-ff-ff-oo-bb-97 --fb11

linux版本：centos6.2 32位

起初我是想通过python3的 psutil 模块可以获得mac地址，然后将mac地址转换成十进制进行排序后对 /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules 文件修改来实现。也考虑过mac地址不能代表io顺序的问题，最后发现linux命令lspci可以获取对应关系从而放弃这个思路。

#-*-coding:utf8-*-
 
macs=[]
interface={}
 
from psutil import net_if_addrs
for k, v in net_if_addrs().items():
    for item in v:
        address = item[1]
        if ":" in address and len(address) == 17:
            idkey = address.replace(':', '')
            interface.update({address:(int(address.replace(':', ''), 16))})
        elif "-" in address and len(address) == 17:
            idkey = address.replace('-', '')
            interface.update({address:(int(address.replace('-', ''), 16))})
 
 
for k in sorted(interface,key=interface.__getitem__):
    print(k,interface[k])

lspci -D -n -v |egrep "0200|Device Serial Number"

这里是两个过滤条件，0200代表网卡，包含Device Serial Number行会显示mac地址。
我的想法是通过busid顺序修改 “/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules”文件的命名顺序

[root@new-b3 ~]# lspci -D -n -v |egrep "0200|Number"
0000:02:00.0 0200: 8086:150c
        Capabilities: [140] Device Serial Number 00-10-f3-ff-ff-xx-a1-35
0000:03:00.0 0200: 8086:150c
        Capabilities: [140] Device Serial Number 00-10-f3-ff-ff-xx-a1-36
0000:04:00.0 0200: 8086:150c
        Capabilities: [140] Device Serial Number 00-10-f3-ff-ff-xx-a1-37
0000:05:00.0 0200: 8086:150c
        Capabilities: [140] Device Serial Number 00-10-f3-ff-ff-xx-a1-38
0000:06:00.0 0200: 8086:150c
        Capabilities: [140] Device Serial Number 00-10-f3-ff-ff-xx-a1-39
0000:07:00.0 0200: 8086:150c
        Capabilities: [140] Device Serial Number 00-10-f3-ff-ff-xx-a1-3a
0000:09:00.0 0200: 8086:10fb (rev 01)
        Capabilities: [140] Device Serial Number 00-10-f3-ff-ff-oo-bb-97
0000:09:00.1 0200: 8086:10fb (rev 01)
        Capabilities: [140] Device Serial Number 00-10-f3-ff-ff-oo-bb-97

python通过 lspci命令提取busid 和macimport subprocess

id = []
mac = []
 
 
 
x = 'lspci -D -n -v | egrep "0200|Serial"'
p = subprocess.Popen(x, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
out, err = p.communicate()
 
 
for i in out.splitlines():
        if "\t" in i:
                v1 = i.replace('''\tCapabilities: [140] Device Serial Number ''', '')
                v2 = v1.replace("-ff-ff","")                 # 发现lspci提出来的mac地址多了两位  -ff-ff    （00-10-f3-ff-ff-oo-bb-97）
                mac.append(v2.replace("-", ":"))
 
        elif "0200:" in i:
                v1 = i[5:12]
                v2 = int(v1.split(":")[0]) + int(v1.split(".")[-1])
                id.append(v2)
print(zip(id, mac))
<br>

执行后得到如下结果：

　　[(2, '00:10:f3:xx:a1:c9'), (3, '00:10:f3:xx:a1:ca'), (4, '00:10:f3:xx:a1:cb'), (5, '00:10:f3:xx:a1:cc'), (6, '00:10:f3:xx:a1:cd'), (7, '00:10:f3:xx:a1:ce'), (9, '00:10:f3:oo:bb:c3'), (10, '00:10:f3:oo:bb:c3')]

import subprocess
 
 
id = []
mac = []
 
 
 
x = 'lspci -D -n -v | egrep "0200|Serial"'
p = subprocess.Popen(x, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
out, err = p.communicate()
 
 
for i in out.splitlines():
        if "\t" in i:
                v1 = i.replace('''\tCapabilities: [140] Device Serial Number ''', '')
                v2 = v1.replace("-ff-ff","")
                mac.append(v2.replace("-", ":"))
 
        elif "0200:" in i:
                v1 = i[5:12]
                v2 = int(v1.split(":")[0]) + int(v1.split(".")[-1])
                id.append(v2)
 
mac_dic = dict(zip(id, mac))
mac_key = sorted(mac_dic)
 
 
for k in mac_key:
        print(mac_dic[k] )

00:10:f3:xx:a1:35
00:10:f3:xx:a1:36
00:10:f3:xx:a1:37
00:10:f3:xx:a1:38
00:10:f3:xx:a1:39
00:10:f3:xx:a1:3a
00:10:f3:oo:b1:97
00:10:f3:oo:b1:97

这块万兆光口为什么两个口mac地址是相同的？

通过观察这个重复的mac地址最后一位加一就可以了（目前发现的规律是这样）

今天还发现了有个有趣的事情，python在linux下使用 os模块的 system向系统执行命令无法使用 export 添加变量

例如在python shell下 import os模块，然后os.system('export AAA=\"hello!\“')。

执行后在系统的bash下 echo $AAA，会发现没有生效的。

原本想使用 /lib/udev/write_net_rules系统脚本添加的，发现变量不能生效就放弃了。

这些是 export 系统变量的参数，比如添加个注释、指定网卡名称、指定对应mac地址，执行 /lib/udev/write_net_rules 后就会在 /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules 文件中添加一条规则。

# MATCHADDR MAC address used for the match
# MATCHID bus_id used for the match
# MATCHDEVID dev_id used for the match
# MATCHDRV driver name used for the match
# MATCHIFTYPE interface type match
# COMMENT comment to add to the generated rule
# INTERFACE_NAME requested name supplied by external tool
# INTERFACE_NEW new interface name returned by rule writer

#!/usr/bin/python
#-*-coding:utf8-*-
 
import subprocess
import os
 
 
macs = []
eth_names = []
 
 
 
def lspci_mac():
    x = 'lspci -D -n -v | egrep "0200|Serial"'
    p = subprocess.Popen(x, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
    out, err = p.communicate()
 
    for line in out.splitlines():
         
        if "\t" in line:
            value = line.replace("-",":")[51-9:].replace(":ff:ff","")
            if value in macs:
                up = str(hex(int(value[-2:],16)+1)[-2:])
                fib = value.replace(value[-2:], str(up))
                macs.append(fib)
            else:
                macs.append(value)
        elif "0200:" in line:
            pass
 
 
 
def eth_name():
    for id in range(len(macs)):
        name = ("eth"+str(id))  
        if id <6:
            eth_names.append(name)
        elif name =="eth6":
            eth_names.append("eth10")
        elif name == "eth7":
            eth_names.append("eth11")
 
 
 
def out_file():
    path = "/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules"
    os.system("rm -rf %s"%(path))
    for conf_line in range(len(macs)):
        mac_add = macs[conf_line]
        ethnum = eth_names[conf_line]
        cfg = '''SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="%s", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="%s"\n''' %(mac_add, ethnum)
        f = open(path, 'aw')    
        f.write(cfg)
        f.close()
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    lspci_mac()
    eth_name()
    out_file()