C#--序列化和反序列化--JSON和对象互转方法
1，方法1，通用方法，以下方法是转载别人的
1，添加引用
【1.1】引用：System.Runtime.Serialization.dll
【1.2】using System.Runtime.Serialization.Json;
2，序列化和反序列化的方法
/// <summary>
/// 转换对象为JSON格式数据
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">类</typeparam>
/// <param name="obj">对象</param>
/// <returns>字符格式的JSON数据</returns>
public static string GetJSON<T>(object obj)
{
string result = String.Empty;
try
{
System.Runtime.Serialization.Json.DataContractJsonSerializer serializer =
new System.Runtime.Serialization.Json.DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(T));
using (System.IO.MemoryStream ms = new System.IO.MemoryStream())
{
serializer.WriteObject(ms, obj);
result = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ms.ToArray());
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw ex;
}
return result;
}
private static string getJsonByObject(Object obj)
{
//实例化DataContractJsonSerializer对象，需要待序列化的对象类型
DataContractJsonSerializer serializer = new DataContractJsonSerializer(obj.GetType());
//实例化一个内存流，用于存放序列化后的数据
MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream();
//使用WriteObject序列化对象
serializer.WriteObject(stream, obj);
//写入内存流中
byte[] dataBytes = new byte[stream.Length];
stream.Position = 0;
stream.Read(dataBytes, 0, (int)stream.Length);
//通过UTF8格式转换为字符串
return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(dataBytes);
}
private static Object getObjectByJson(string jsonString, Object obj)
{
//实例化DataContractJsonSerializer对象，需要待序列化的对象类型
DataContractJsonSerializer serializer = new DataContractJsonSerializer(obj.GetType());
//把Json传入内存流中保存
MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(jsonString));
// 使用ReadObject方法反序列化成对象
return serializer.ReadObject(stream);
}
2，方法2，使用JavaScriptSerializer，建议用这个，通用的Json转对象，上面方法报错，这个方法不报错
1，添加引用
【1.1】引用：System.Web.Extensions.dll
【1.2】using System.Web.Script.Serialization;
2，序列化和反序列化的方法
//JavaScriptSerializer json = new JavaScriptSerializer();
//// 反序列化JSON字符串到对象
//User user = json.Deserialize<User>(jsonString);
//// 序列化对象为JSON字符串
//string jsonString = json.Serialize(user);
3，测试：序列化和反序列化
public class ResultItem
{
public string itemname { get; set; } = "1";//测试：少1个字段，json转对象没问题
public string varname { get; set; } = "Torque";
public string value { get; set; } = "25.01";
}
/// <summary>
/// 上传给MES的拧紧结果
/// </summary>
public class Physis_MES_AllData
{
/// <summary>
/// 工序编号
/// </summary>
public string node_code { get; set; } = "20";
/// <summary>
/// 站点编号
/// </summary>
public string station_code { get; set; } = "N20S1";
/// <summary>
/// 序列号
/// </summary>
public string serialno { get; set; } = "D:M201796819474";
/// <summary>
/// 员工工号
/// </summary>
public string operator_code { get; set; } = "";
/// <summary>
/// 员工姓名
/// </summary>
public string operator_name { get; set; } = "";//测试：少1个字段，json转对象没问题
//public string operator_name2 { get; set; } = "";//测试：多1个字段，json转对象没问题
/// <summary>
/// 拧紧数据
/// </summary>
public List<ResultItem> ResultlList { get; set; } = new List<ResultItem>()//测试：少1个字段，json转对象没问题
{
new ResultItem(),
new ResultItem(),
new ResultItem(){itemname = "2",varname = "Angle",value = "88.0"},
new ResultItem(){itemname = "3",varname = "Angle",value = "89.0"},
new ResultItem(){itemname = "4",varname = "TorqueMax",value = "84.0"},
new ResultItem(){itemname = "4",varname = "TorqueMin",value = "85.0"},
};
///// <summary>
///// 拧紧数据
///// </summary>
//public List<ResultItem> ResultlList2 { get; set; } = new List<ResultItem>()//测试：多1个字段，json转对象没问题
//{
// new ResultItem(),
// new ResultItem(),
// new ResultItem(){itemname = "2",varname = "Angle",value = "88.0"},
// new ResultItem(){itemname = "3",varname = "Angle",value = "89.0"},
// new ResultItem(){itemname = "4",varname = "TorqueMax",value = "84.0"},
// new ResultItem(){itemname = "4",varname = "TorqueMin",value = "85.0"},
//};
}
#region 序列化和反序列化测试
//测试：Json转对象
private void btn_test_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
string jsonData =
@"{ 'ResultlList':[
{'itemname':'1','value':'25.01','varname':'Torque'},
{'itemname':'1','value':'25.01','varname':'Torque'},
{'itemname':'2','value':'88.0','varname':'Angle'},
{'itemname':'3','value':'89.0','varname':'Angle'},
{'itemname':'4','value':'89.0','varname':'TorqueMax'},
{'itemname':'4','value':'85.0','varname':'TorqueMin'}],
'node_code':'20',
'operator_code':'',
'operator_name':'',
'serialno':'D:M201796819474',
'station_code':'N20S1'}";
//【以下方法：JSON字符串到对象：失败，报错：Physis_MES_AllData 时出现错误。需要标记“"”，但找到“'”。】
//Physis_MES_AllData objectData = new Physis_MES_AllData();
//object c = getObjectByJson(jsonData, objectData);
//【以下方法：JSON字符串到对象：成功，建议用以下方法】
JavaScriptSerializer json = new JavaScriptSerializer();
// 反序列化JSON字符串到对象
Physis_MES_AllData objectData = json.Deserialize<Physis_MES_AllData>(jsonData);
}
//测试：对象转Json
private void button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Physis_MES_AllData data = new Physis_MES_AllData()
{
};
//【以下方法：对象转JSON：成功】
//string res= getJsonByObject(data);
//res结果：
//{ "ResultlList":[
// {"itemname":"1","value":"25.01","varname":"Torque"},
// {"itemname":"1","value":"25.01","varname":"Torque"},
// {"itemname":"2","value":"88.0","varname":"Angle"},
// {"itemname":"3","value":"89.0","varname":"Angle"},
// {"itemname":"4","value":"84.0","varname":"TorqueMax"},
// {"itemname":"4","value":"85.0","varname":"TorqueMin"}],
// "node_code":"20",
// "operator_code":"",
// "operator_name":"",
// "serialno":"D:M201796819474",
// "station_code":"N20S1"}
//【以下方法：对象转JSON：成功】
JavaScriptSerializer json = new JavaScriptSerializer();
// 序列化对象为JSON字符串
string res = json.Serialize(data);
txt_postResult.Text = res;
//res结果：
//{ "node_code":"20",
// "station_code":"N20S1",
// "serialno":"D:M201796819474",
// "operator_code":"",
// "operator_name":"",
// "ResultlList":[
// {"itemname":"1","varname":"Torque","value":"25.01"},
// {"itemname":"1","varname":"Torque","value":"25.01"},
// {"itemname":"2","varname":"Angle","value":"88.0"},
// {"itemname":"3","varname":"Angle","value":"89.0"},
// {"itemname":"4","varname":"TorqueMax","value":"84.0"},
// {"itemname":"4","varname":"TorqueMin","value":"85.0"}]}
}
#endregion
4，实际应用
1，对象转JSON，客户端提交POST请求
private void btn_post_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
string url = this.txt_url.Text;
TighteningData data=new TighteningData()
{
Angle = txt_angle.Text,
AngleMax = txt_angleMax.Text,
AngleMin = txt_angleMin.Text,
DeviceName = txt_deviceName.Text,
Index = txt_index.Text,
ProductName = txt_productName.Text,
Pset = txt_pset.Text,
SN = txt_sn.Text,
TighteningStatus = txt_tighteningStatus.Text,
Torque = txt_torque.Text,
TorqueMax = txt_torqueMax.Text,
TorqueMin = txt_torqueMin.Text
};
//string body = $"Angle={data.Angle}&AngleMax={data.AngleMax}&AngleMin={data.AngleMin}&DeviceName={data.DeviceName}&Pset={data.Pset}&SN={data.SN}&TighteningStatus={data.TighteningStatus}&Torque={data.Torque}&TorqueMax={data.TorqueMax}&TorqueMin={data.TorqueMin}&Index={data.Index}&ProductName={data.ProductName}";
//方法【1】：序列化对象为JSON字符串
//string body = getJsonByObject(data);
//方法【2】：序列化对象为JSON字符串
JavaScriptSerializer json = new JavaScriptSerializer();
string body = json.Serialize(data);
string res = HttpWebRequestPost(url, body);
MessageBox.Show(res);
}
2，服务端接收POST请求，解析JSON数据
private string HandleRequest(HttpListenerRequest request, HttpListenerResponse response)
{
string data = null;
try
{
var byteList = new List<byte>();
var byteArr = new byte[2048];
int readLen = 0;
int len = 0;
//接收客户端传过来的数据并转成字符串类型
do
{
readLen = request.InputStream.Read(byteArr, 0, byteArr.Length);
len += readLen;
byteList.AddRange(byteArr);
} while (readLen != 0);
data = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(byteList.ToArray(), 0, len);
//获取得到数据data可以进行其他操作
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
response.StatusDescription = "404";
response.StatusCode = 404;
Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Red;
Console.WriteLine($"在接收数据时发生错误:{ex.ToString()}");
return $"在接收数据时发生错误:{ex.ToString()}";//把服务端错误信息直接返回可能会导致信息不安全，此处仅供参考
}
response.StatusDescription = "200";//获取或设置返回给客户端的 HTTP 状态代码的文本说明。
response.StatusCode = 200;// 获取或设置返回给客户端的 HTTP 状态代码。
Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Green;
Console.WriteLine($"接收数据完成:{data.Trim()},时间：{DateTime.Now.ToString()}");
JavaScriptSerializer js = new JavaScriptSerializer(); //实例化一个能够序列化数据的类
RequestDataModel requestDataModel = js.Deserialize<RequestDataModel>(data);
if (DataTriggerEvent != null)
{
DataTriggerEvent(requestDataModel);
}
return $"接收数据完成";
}
