#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #define max(a,b) (((a) > (b)) ? (a) : (b)) typedef struct AvlNode{ int data; struct AvlNode *left_child, *right_child; } AvlNode; AvlNode *root; /* 旋转动作开始 */ AvlNode *rotate_LL(AvlNode *parent){ AvlNode *child = parent->left_child; parent->left_child = child->right_child; child->right_child = parent; return child; } AvlNode *rotate_RR(AvlNode *parent){ AvlNode *child = parent->right_child; parent->right_child = child->left_child; child->left_child = parent; return child; } AvlNode *rotate_RL(AvlNode *parent){ AvlNode *child = parent->right_child; parent->right_child = rotate_LL(child); return rotate_RR(parent); } AvlNode *rotate_LR(AvlNode *parent){ AvlNode *child = parent->left_child; parent->left_child = rotate_RR(child); return rotate_LL(parent); } /* 旋转动作结束 */ int get_height(AvlNode *node){ int height = 0; if(node != NULL){ height = 1 + max(get_height(node->left_child), get_height(node->right_child)); } return height; } int get_balance(AvlNode *node){ if(node == NULL) return 0; return get_height(node->left_child) - get_height(node->right_child); } /* 平衡二叉树 */ AvlNode *balance_tree(AvlNode **node){ int height_diff = get_balance(*node); /* 平衡因子在-1到1之间*/ if(height_diff > 1){ if(get_balance((*node)->left_child) > 0){ *node = rotate_LL(*node); }else{ *node = rotate_LR(*node); } }else if(height_diff < -1){ if(get_balance((*node)->right_child) < 0){ *node = rotate_RR(*node); }else{ *node = rotate_RL(*node); } } return *node; } AvlNode *avl_add(AvlNode **root, int key){ if(*root == NULL){ *root = (AvlNode *)malloc(sizeof(AvlNode)); if(*root == NULL){ printf("内存分配失败!\n"); exit(-1); } (*root)->data = key; (*root)->left_child = (*root)->right_child = NULL; }else if(key < (*root)->data){ (*root)->left_child = avl_add(&((*root)->left_child), key); //balance_tree(root); }else if(key > (*root)->data){ (*root)->right_child = avl_add(&((*root)->right_child), key); //balance_tree(root); }else{ printf("复制%d失败!\n", key); exit(-1); } return *root; } AvlNode *avl_print(AvlNode *node){ if(node == NULL) return NULL; printf("%d->", node->data); avl_print(node->left_child); avl_print(node->right_child); return node; } int main(){ avl_add(&root, 24); avl_add(&root, 17); avl_add(&root, 40); avl_add(&root, 8); avl_add(&root, 22); avl_add(&root, 18); avl_add(&root, 23); printf("打印二叉树\n"); avl_print(root); printf("\n"); balance_tree(&root); printf("打印二叉树\n"); avl_print(root); printf("\n"); return 0; }
让我们看看伸展树!
举例
我抽取一部分lighttpd-1.4.31.tar.gz中的代码,来讲解
想看具体的代码实践的,可以到如下位置观看
我的代码结构:
代码部分
1> splaytree.h
/*~ splaytree.h~*/ typedef struct tree_node{ struct tree_node *left, *right; int key; /* 关键字 */ int size; /* 结点数目 */ void *data; } splay_tree; /*我现在只写这两个方法*/ splay_tree * splaytree_insert(splay_tree *t, int key, void *data); splay_tree * splaytree_splay(splay_tree *t, int key); #define node_size(x) (((x)==NULL) ? 0 : ((x)->size))
这个没有必要多讲,看注释和方法名称自然就知道干吗的了!
2> splaytree.c
/* splaytree.c */
#include "splaytree.h" #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <assert.h> #define compare(i,j) ((i) - (j)) splay_tree * splaytree_insert(splay_tree *t, int key, void *data){ splay_tree * new; if (t != NULL) { t = splaytree_splay(t, key); if(compare(key, t->key) == 0){ /* 该结点已存在 */ return t; } } new = (splay_tree *) malloc (sizeof (splay_tree)); assert(new); if (t == NULL) { new->left = new->right = NULL; } else if (compare(key, t->key) < 0) { new->left = t->left; new->right = t; t->left = NULL; t->size = 1 + node_size(t->right); } else { new->right = t->right; new->left = t; t->right = NULL; t->size = 1 + node_size(t->left); } new->key = key; new->data = data; new->size = 1 + node_size(new->left) + node_size(new->right); return new; } splay_tree * splaytree_splay(splay_tree *t, int key){ splay_tree N, *l, *r, *child; /* 临时变量用于装配*t使用 */ int cmp, l_size, r_size; if (t == NULL) return t; N.left = N.right = NULL; l = r = &N; l_size = r_size = 0; for (;;) { cmp = compare(key, t->key); if (cmp < 0) { if(t->left == NULL) break; if (compare(key, t->left->key) < 0) { child = t->left; /* 右旋 */ t->left = child->right; child->right = t; t->size = 1 + node_size(t->left) + node_size(t->right); t = child; if(t->left == NULL) break; } r->left = t; /* 右链 */ r = t; t = t->left; r_size += 1 + node_size(r->right); } else if (cmp > 0) { if(t->right == NULL) break; if (compare(key, t->right->key) > 0) { child = t->right; t->right = child->left; child->left = t; t->size = 1 + node_size(t->left) + node_size(t->right); t = child; if(t->right == NULL) break; } l->right = t; l = t; t = t->right; l_size += 1 + node_size(l->left); } else { break; } } l_size += node_size(t->left); r_size += node_size(t->right); t->size = 1 + l_size + r_size; l->right = r->left = NULL; /* 校验size数据 */ /*右孩子的左结点不计算在内*/ for(child = N.right; child != NULL; child = child->right){ child->size = l_size; l_size -= 1 + node_size(child->left); } for(child = N.left; child != NULL; child = child->left){ child->size = r_size; r_size -= 1 +node_size(child->right); } /* 装配数据 */ l->right = t->left; r->left = t->right; t->left = N.right; t->right = N.left; return t; }
看到上面一坨代码估计大家不知所云了?
我就针对性的讲解一下。
>> 重点讲讲讲核心算法splaytree_splay()方法吧!
if (cmp < 0) { if(t->left == NULL) break; if (compare(key, t->left->key) < 0) { child = t->left; /* 右旋 */ t->left = child->right; child->right = t; t->size = 1 + node_size(t->left) + node_size(t->right); t = child; if(t->left == NULL) break; } r->left = t; /* 右链 */ r = t; t = t->left; r_size += 1 + node_size(r->right); }
这是一个右旋的过程。
child = t->left
t->left = child->right; child->right = t;
最后:t = child
这是一个右链的过程
r->left = t;r=t;
t = t->left
############################################################################################
3>main.c
#include <stdio.h> #include "splaytree.h" splay_tree * splaytree_print(splay_tree *t){ if(t != NULL){ printf("t->data:%d\t t->key:%d t->size:%d\n", *((int *)t->data), t->key, t->size); splaytree_print(t->left); splaytree_print(t->right); } } int main(){ splay_tree *root; root = NULL; int data1 = 1000; root = splaytree_insert(root, 20, &data1); int data2 = 200; root = splaytree_insert(root, 5, &data2); int data3 = 300; root = splaytree_insert(root, 3, &data3); int data4 = 100; root = splaytree_insert(root, 10, &data4); printf("打印结果*************\n"); splaytree_print(root); //这里应该有个数据查询过程,但是我没有写。注意在调用的时候调用一下splay方法, //那么热数据自然就跑到顶端了。 printf("查询方法中调用这个伸展函数之后,打印结果*************\n"); root = splaytree_splay(root, 3); splaytree_print(root); return 0; }
这里我没有把查询伸展树的过程写下来,只是强调一下,在查询的过程中,只要调用这个核心方法,那么自然热数据就跑到顶端了。
看一下过程