C#中调用C++动态库
C#中调用C++动态库
虽然.net库已经非常强大，但很多时候还是会有这样的需求：c#中解决不了的问题，用C++来实现，并编译成dll库，然后在c#中调用该dll库。如在WINCE的工程中，所有的系统底层的API都被编译到coredll.dll库中。
由于C++和C#类型定义的不同，所以，C#中使用C++里的函数要将其类型对应的转换过来。下面列出了常用的转换类型：
//C++中的DLL函数原型为
//extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) bool 方法名一(const char* 变量名1, unsigned char* 变量名2)
//extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) bool 方法名二(const unsigned char* 变量名1, char* 变量名2)
//C#调用C++的DLL搜集整理的所有数据类型转换方式,可能会有重复或者多种方案,自己多测试
//c++:HANDLE(void
*)
---- c#:System.IntPtr
//c++:Byte(unsigned char)
---- c#:System.Byte
//c++:SHORT(short)
---- c#:System.Int16
//c++:WORD(unsigned short)
---- c#:System.UInt16
//c++:INT(int)
---- c#:System.Int16
//c++:INT(int)
---- c#:System.Int32
//c++:UINT(unsigned int)
---- c#:System.UInt16
//c++:UINT(unsigned int)
---- c#:System.UInt32
//c++:LONG(long)
---- c#:System.Int32
//c++:ULONG(unsigned long)
---- c#:System.UInt32
//c++:DWORD(unsigned long)
---- c#:System.UInt32
//c++:DECIMAL
---- c#:System.Decimal
//c++:BOOL(long)
---- c#:System.Boolean
//c++:CHAR(char)
---- c#:System.Char
//c++:LPSTR(char
*)
---- c#:System.String
//c++:LPWSTR(wchar_t *)
---- c#:System.String
//c++:LPCSTR(const char *)
---- c#:System.String
//c++:LPCWSTR(const wchar_t
*) ---- c#:System.String
//c++:PCAHR(char *) ---- c#:System.String
//c++:BSTR
---- c#:System.String
//c++:FLOAT(float) ----
c#:System.Single
//c++:DOUBLE(double) ---- c#:System.Double
//c++:VARIANT
---- c#:System.Object
//c++:PBYTE(byte *) ---- c#:System.Byte[]
//c++:BSTR ---- c#:StringBuilder
//c++:LPCTSTR ---- c#:StringBuilder
//c++:LPCTSTR ---- c#:string
//c++:LPTSTR ----
c#:[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPTStr)] string
//c++:LPTSTR 输出变量名 ---- c#:StringBuilder 输出变量名
//c++:LPCWSTR ---- c#:IntPtr
//c++:BOOL ---- c#:bool
//c++:HMODULE ---- c#:IntPtr
//c++:HINSTANCE ---- c#:IntPtr
//c++:结构体 ---- c#:public struct 结构体{};
//c++:结构体 **变量名 ---- c#:out
变量名 //C#中提前申明一个结构体实例化后的变量名
//c++:结构体 &变量名 ---- c#:ref 结构体 变量名
//c++:WORD ---- c#:ushort
//c++:DWORD ---- c#:uint
//c++:DWORD ---- c#:int
//c++:UCHAR ---- c#:int
//c++:UCHAR ---- c#:byte
//c++:UCHAR* ---- c#:string
//c++:UCHAR* ---- c#:IntPtr
//c++:GUID ---- c#:Guid
//c++:Handle ---- c#:IntPtr
//c++:HWND ---- c#:IntPtr
//c++:DWORD ---- c#:int
//c++:COLORREF ---- c#:uint
//c++:unsigned char ---- c#:byte
//c++:unsigned char * ---- c#:ref byte
//c++:unsigned char * ----
c#:[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPArray)] byte[]
//c++:unsigned char * ----
c#:[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPArray)] Intptr
//c++:unsigned char & ---- c#:ref byte
//c++:unsigned char 变量名
---- c#:byte 变量名
//c++:unsigned short 变量名 ---- c#:ushort 变量名
//c++:unsigned int 变量名
---- c#:uint 变量名
//c++:unsigned long 变量名
---- c#:ulong 变量名
//c++:char
变量名 ---- c#:byte
变量名 //C++中一个字符用一个字节表示,C#中一个字符用两个字节表示
//c++:char 数组名[数组大小] ----
c#:MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst =
数组大小)] public string 数组名;
ushort
//c++:char
*
---- c#:string
//传入参数
//c++:char
*
---- c#:StringBuilder//传出参数
//c++:char *变量名 ----
c#:ref string 变量名
//c++:char *输入变量名 ---- c#:string 输入变量名
//c++:char *输出变量名 ----
c#:[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)] StringBuilder 输出变量名
//c++:char
**
---- c#:string
//c++:char **变量名 ---- c#:ref string 变量名
//c++:const char * ---- c#:string
//c++:char[]
---- c#:string
//c++:char 变量名[数组大小] ----
c#:[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr,SizeConst=数组大小)] public string
变量名;
//c++:struct 结构体名 *变量名 ---- c#:ref 结构体名 变量名
//c++:委托 变量名 ---- c#:委托 变量名
//c++:int ---- c#:int
//c++:int ---- c#:ref int
//c++:int & ---- c#:ref int
//c++:int * ---- c#:ref
int //C#中调用前需定义int 变量名 = 0;
//c++:*int ---- c#:IntPtr
//c++:int32 PIPTR * ---- c#:int32[]
//c++:float PIPTR * ---- c#:float[]
//c++:double**
数组名
---- c#:ref double 数组名
//c++:double*[]
数组名
---- c#:ref double 数组名
//c++:long
---- c#:int
//c++:ulong
---- c#:int
//c++:UINT8 *
---- c#:ref byte
//C#中调用前需定义byte 变量名 = new
byte();
//c++:handle ---- c#:IntPtr
//c++:hwnd ---- c#:IntPtr
//c++:void * ----
c#:IntPtr
//c++:void * user_obj_param ----
c#:IntPtr user_obj_param
//c++:void * 对象名称 ----
c#:([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.AsAny)]Object 对象名称
//c++:char, INT8, SBYTE,
CHAR
---- c#:System.SByte
//c++:short, short int, INT16,
SHORT
---- c#:System.Int16
//c++:int, long, long int, INT32, LONG32, BOOL ,
INT ----
c#:System.Int32
//c++:__int64, INT64,
LONGLONG
---- c#:System.Int64
//c++:unsigned char, UINT8, UCHAR ,
BYTE
---- c#:System.Byte
//c++:unsigned short, UINT16, USHORT, WORD, ATOM, WCHAR ,
__wchar_t
---- c#:System.UInt16
//c++:unsigned, unsigned int, UINT32, ULONG32, DWORD32, ULONG, DWORD,
UINT ----
c#:System.UInt32
//c++:unsigned __int64, UINT64, DWORDLONG,
ULONGLONG
---- c#:System.UInt64
//c++:float,
FLOAT
---- c#:System.Single
//c++:double, long double,
DOUBLE
---- c#:System.Double
//Win32 Types ---- CLR Type
//Struct需要在C#里重新定义一个Struct
//CallBack回调函数需要封装在一个委托里，delegate static extern int FunCallBack(string str);
//unsigned char** ppImage替换成IntPtr ppImage
//int& nWidth替换成ref int nWidth
//int*, int&, 则都可用 ref int 对应
//双针指类型参数，可以用 ref IntPtr
//函数指针使用c++: typedef double (*fun_type1)(double); 对应 c#:public delegate
double fun_type1(double);
//char* 的操作c++: char*; 对应 c#:StringBuilder;
//c#中使用指针:在需要使用指针的地方 加 unsafe
//unsigned char对应public byte
/*
* typedef void (*CALLBACKFUN1W)(wchar_t*, void* pArg);
* typedef void (*CALLBACKFUN1A)(char*, void* pArg);
* bool BIOPRINT_SENSOR_API dllFun1(CALLBACKFUN1 pCallbackFun1, void* pArg);
* 调用方式为
* [UnmanagedFunctionPointer(CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
* public delegate void CallbackFunc1([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)]
StringBuilder strName, IntPtr pArg);
*
*
*/
有了对应的转换类型，下面列举最近项目中用到的一个实例。
1、关闭其他进程
View Code
1 class SystemUtil 2 { 3 /// <summary> 4 /// 以下用来关闭守护进程 5 /// </summary> 6 [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] 7 internal struct PROCESSENTRY32 8 { 9 public uint dwSize; 10 public uint cntUsage; 11 public uint th32ProcessID; 12 public IntPtr th32DefaultHeapID; 13 public uint th32ModuleID; 14 public uint cntThreads; 15 public uint th32ParentProcessID; 16 public int pcPriClassBase; 17 public uint dwFlags; 18 [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 260)] 19 public string szExeFile; 20 } 21 internal const int TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS = 0x00000002; 22 internal const int PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS = 0x000F0000 | 0x00100000 | 0xFFF; 23 24 [DllImport("Kernel32.dll")] 25 internal static extern IntPtr CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(uint dwFlags, uint th32ProcessId); 26 27 [DllImport("Kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)] 28 internal static extern bool Process32First(IntPtr hSnapshot, ref PROCESSENTRY32 lppe); 29 30 [DllImport("Kernel32.dll")] 31 internal static extern bool Process32Next(IntPtr hSnapshot, ref PROCESSENTRY32 lppe); 32 33 [DllImport("Kernel32.dll")] 34 internal static extern bool CloseHandle(IntPtr hObject); 35 36 [DllImport("Kernel32.dll")] 37 internal static extern int OpenProcess(int fdwAccess, bool fInherit, uint IDProcess); 38 39 [DllImport("Kernel32.dll")] 40 internal static extern bool TerminateProcess(int hProcess, ref int dwExitCode); 41 42 /// <summary> 43 /// 关闭指定的进程 44 /// </summary> 45 /// <param name="ProcessName">进程的名称</param> 46 /// <returns type="bool">true:为成功； 47 /// false为失败； 48 /// </returns> 49 private bool TerminateProcess(string ProcessName) 50 { 51 //获得当前进程的快照 52 IntPtr hSnapshot = CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS, 0); 53 54 if ((int)hSnapshot < 0) 55 { 56 Console.WriteLine("CreateToolhelp32Snapshot error!"); 57 return false; 58 } 59 60 //进程信息 61 PROCESSENTRY32 ProcessInfo = new PROCESSENTRY32(); 62 ProcessInfo.dwSize = (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(ProcessInfo); 63 64 //获得快照中第一个进程 65 bool bResult = Process32First(hSnapshot, ref ProcessInfo); 66 if (!bResult) 67 { 68 return false; 69 } 70 71 while (bResult) 72 { 73 string AppName = ProcessInfo.szExeFile; //进程的可执行文件名 74 uint AppID = ProcessInfo.th32ProcessID; //进程的ID 75 if (AppName == ProcessName) //找到要关闭的进程 76 { 77 int hProcess = OpenProcess(PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS, false, AppID); 78 79 int ExitCode = -1; 80 if (hProcess != 0) 81 { 82 if (TerminateProcess(hProcess, ref ExitCode) == false) 83 { 84 Console.WriteLine("TerminateProcess 出错"); 85 return false; 86 } 87 } 88 89 return true; 90 } 91 92 //获得快照中下一个进程 93 bResult = Process32Next(hSnapshot, ref ProcessInfo); 94 } 95 96 return false; 97 } 98 99 100 static void Main(string[] args) 101 { 102 SystemUtil su = new SystemUtil(); 103 su.TerminateProcess("Lingoes.exe"); 104 } 105 }
