【redis】keepalived实现redis双主备份（keepalived + redis高可用方案搭建）

方案设计

主机:
172.17.209.25 (简称25)
172.17.209.26 (简称26)

拓扑图:

软件版本：
keepalived-1.2.19.tar.gz
redis-2.8.1.tar.gz

安装Redis

先在25机器上安装然后拷贝到26机器上。

1. 安装

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tar -xvf redis-2.8.1.tar.gz
cd redis-2.8.1
make
mkdir -p /usr/local/redis/var
cd src
cp redis-server redis-sentinel redis-cli redis-check-dump redis-check-aof redis-benchmark /usr/local/redis/

1. 配置成系统服务

vi /etc/init.d/redis

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#!/bin/bash
#
# init file for redis
#
# chkconfig: - 80 12
# description: redis daemon
#
# processname: redis
# config: /usr/local/redis/redis.conf
# pidfile: /usr/local/redis/var/redis.pid
source /etc/init.d/functions

REDISPORT=6379
EXEC=/usr/local/redis/redis-server
REDIS_CLI=/usr/local/redis/redis-cli

PIDFILE=/usr/local/redis/var/redis.pid
CONF="/usr/local/redis/redis.conf"

case "$1" in
    start)
        if [ -f $PIDFILE ]
        then
                echo "$PIDFILE exists, process is already running or crashed"
        else
                echo "Starting Redis server..."
                $EXEC $CONF
        fi
        if [ "$?"="0" ]
        then
              echo "Redis is running..."
        fi
        ;;
    stop)
        if [ ! -f $PIDFILE ]
        then
                echo "$PIDFILE does not exist, process is not running"
        else
                PID=$(cat $PIDFILE)
                echo "Stopping ..."
                $REDIS_CLI -p $REDISPORT SHUTDOWN
                while [ -x ${PIDFILE} ]
               do
                    echo "Waiting for Redis to shutdown ..."
                    sleep 1
                done
                echo "Redis stopped"
        fi
        ;;
   restart|reload)
        ${0} stop
        ${0} start
        ;;
  *)
    echo "Usage: /etc/init.d/redis {start|stop|restart|reload}" >&2
        exit 1
esac

1. 配置redis

vi /usr/local/redis/redis.conf

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daemonize yes
pidfile /usr/local/redis/var/redis.pid
port 6379
timeout 300
loglevel notice
logfile /usr/local/redis/var/redis.log
databases 16
save 900 1
save 300 10
save 60 10000
rdbcompression yes
dbfilename dump.rdb
dir /usr/local/redis/var/
#8g memory 32*1024*1024*1024
maxmemory 34359738368
appendonly no

1. 配置自启动

chkconfig nginx on

1. 相关命令

启动:service redis start

关闭:service redis stop

1. 查看服务

ps -ef | grep redis

1. 拷贝redis到另一台器机（26机器上）

直接用SSH传输到另外一台机器上

scp -r /usr/local/redis/ root@172.17.209.26:/usr/local/

scp -r /etc/init.d/redis root@172.17.209.26:/etc/init.d/

并在另一台机器也做相同的自启动

安装keepalived
1. 安装

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tar -zxvf keepalived-1.2.19.tar.gz
cd keepalived-1.2.19
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived
make
make install
cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/
mkdir -p /etc/keepalived
mkdir -p /usr/local/keepalived/var/log
mkdir -p /usr/local/keepalived/scripts/redis

1. 配置keepalived.conf

配置详细说明:https://blog.csdn.net/u010391029/article/details/48311699

说明：涉及到4个脚本，分别是:

redis_master.sh：表示当切换到master状态时，要执行的脚本
redis_backup.sh：表示当切换到backup状态时，要执行的脚本
redis_fault.sh当keepalived进入fault状态时，会执行notify_fault ；
redis_stop.sh当keepalived进入stop状态时，会执行notify_stop；

vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

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vrrp_script chk_redis {
                script "/usr/local/keepalived/scripts/redis/redis_check.sh"   ###监控脚本
                interval 2                                        ###监控时间
                fall 3   ###失败尝试3次
                rise 1   ###成功尝试1次
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
        state MASTER                            ###设置为MASTER、BACKUP
        interface eth0                          ###监控网卡，网卡必须有接网线，可以对外网通信的
        virtual_router_id 55                    ###主从需要在同一路由编号
        priority 101                            ###权重值
        authentication {
                     auth_type PASS             ###加密
                     auth_pass redis            ###密码
        }
        track_script {
                chk_redis                       ###执行上面定义的chk_redis
        }
        virtual_ipaddress {
             172.17.209.20 dev eth0 scope globa                         ###Keppalived虚拟出来的VIP
        }
        notify_master "/usr/local/keepalived/scripts/redis/redis_master.sh 172.17.209.25 6379"
        notify_backup "/usr/local/keepalived/scripts/redis/redis_backup.sh 172.17.209.25 6379"
        notify_fault  "/usr/local/keepalived/scripts/redis/redis_fault.sh"
        notify_stop   "/usr/local/keepalived/scripts/redis/redis_stop.sh"
}

备注：拷贝到26后，要改一下notify_master和notify_backup参数中的172.17.209.25为172.17.209.26；

配置项说明:

State:指定instance(Initial)的初始状态，就是说在配置好后，这台服务器的初始状态就是这里指定的，但这里指定的不算，还是得要通过竞选通过优先级来确定，里如果这里设置为master，但如若他的优先级不及另外一台，那么这台在发送通告时，会发送自己的优先级，另外一台发现优先级不如自己的高，那么他会就回抢占为master

interface：实例绑定的网卡，因为在配置虚拟IP的时候必须是在已有的网卡上添加的

virtual router id：这里设置VRID，这里非常重要，相同的VRID为一个组，他将决定多播的MAC地址

auth type：认证方式，可以是PASS或AH两种认证方式

auth pass：认证密码

virtual ipaddress：这里设置的就是VIP，也就是虚拟IP地址，他随着state的变化而增加删除，当state为master的时候就添加，当state为backup的时候删除，这里主要是有优先级来决定的，和state设置的值没有多大关系，这里可以设置多个IP地址

version：版本，4位，在RFC3768中定义为2；
Type：类型，4位，目前只定义一种类类型：通告数据，取值为1；
Virtual Rtr ID：虚拟路由器ID，8位
Priority：优先级，8位，具备冗余IP地址的设备的优先级为255；
Count IP Addrs：VRRP包中的IP地址数量，8位；
Auth Type：认证类型，8位，RFC3768中认证功能已经取消，此字段值定义0(不认证)，为1，2只作为对老版本的兼容；
Adver Int：通告包的发送间隔时间，8位，单位是秒，缺省是1秒；
Checksum：校验和，16位，校验数据范围只是VRRP数据，即从VRRP的版本字段开始的数据，不包括IP头；
IP Address(es)：和虚拟路由器相关的IP地址，数量由Count IP Addrs决定
Authentication Data：RFC3768中定义该字段只是为了和老版本兼容，必须置0。

1. (4)配置自启动

chkconfig keepalived on

1. (5)相关命令

启动:service keepalived start

关闭:service keepalived stop

1. (6)查看服务

ps -ef | grep keepalived

1. 编写keepalived相关redis检查脚本
  1. redis_master.sh

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#!/bin/bash
REDISCLI="/usr/local/redis/redis-cli"
LOGFILE="/data/keepalived/log/keepalived-redis-state.log"
echo "[master]" >> $LOGFILE
date >> $LOGFILE
echo "Being master...." >> $LOGFILE 2>&1
echo "Run SLAVEOF cmd ..." >> $LOGFILE
$REDISCLI SLAVEOF $1 $2 >> $LOGFILE 2>&1
sleep 10 #延迟10秒以后待数据同步完成后再取消同步状态
echo "Run SLAVEOF NO ONE cmd ..." >> $LOGFILE
$REDISCLI SLAVEOF NO ONE >> $LOGFILE 2>&1

1. 1. redis_backup.sh

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#!/bin/bash
REDISCLI="/usr/local/redis/redis-cli"
LOGFILE="/data/keepalived/log/keepalived-redis-state.log"
echo "[backup]" >> $LOGFILE
date >> $LOGFILE
echo "Being slave...." >> $LOGFILE 2>&1
sleep 15 #..15....................
echo "Run SLAVEOF cmd ..." >> $LOGFILE
$REDISCLI SLAVEOF $1 $2 >> $LOGFILE 2>&1

1. 1. redis_fault.sh

#!/bin/bash
LOGFILE=/data/keepalived/log/keepalived-redis-state.log
echo "[fault]" >> $LOGFILE
date >> $LOGFILE

1. 1. redis_stop.sh

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#!/bin/bash
LOGFILE=/data/keepalived/log/keepalived-redis-state.log
echo "[stop]" >> $LOGFILE
date >> $LOGFILE

1. 1. redis_check.sh

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#!/bin/bash
ALIVE=`/usr/local/redis/redis-cli PING`
if [ "$ALIVE" == "PONG" ]; then
  echo $ALIVE
  exit 0
else
  echo $ALIVE
  exit 1
fi

将以上shell拷贝到目录：/usr/local/keepalived/scripts/redis/，
然后赋权：chmod 755 /usr/local/keepalived/scripts/redis/*.sh

1. 拷贝keepalived到另一台器机9.26

在26机器上也创建目录：/etc/keepalived，/usr/local/keepalived/var/log，/usr/local/keepalived/scripts/redis

scp -r /usr/sbin/keepalived root@172.17.209.26:/usr/sbin/

scp -r /etc/sysconfig/keepalived root@172.17.209.26:/etc/sysconfig/

scp -r /etc/init.d/keepalived root@172.17.209.26:/etc/init.d/

scp -r /usr/local/keepalived/scripts/redis/* root@172.17.209.26:/usr/local/keepalived/scripts/redis

三、测试方案

查看日志命令：tailf -500 /data/keepalived/log/keepalived-redis-state.log

查看redis主从角色命令：/usr/local/redis/redis-cli -p 6379 info replication

链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/2c3c6d320bf5

实际经验告诉我主机备机都有vip的情况就是防火墙或路由的问题了
两台机器都不能互相访问的话，就会有两个vip，且不能访问，检查防火墙，centos 7 以后是firewall

遇到的错误：
1. Configuration file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf' is not a regular non-executable file

解决方式

查看keeplived权限

ll /etc/keepalived/

total 8

-rwxrwxr-x 1 root root 600 Dec 25 14:38 check_mysql.sh

-rwxrwxr-x 1 root root 645 Dec 25 14:46 keepalived.conf

更改为644权限即可

chmod 644 keepalived.conf

ll keepalived.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 645 Dec 25 15:02 keepalived.conf

执行成功

1. auth.log 频繁出现Cron: pam_unix (cron:session): session opened/closed for user root by (uid=0)

http://languor.us/cron-pam-unix-cron-session-session-opened-closed-user-root-uid0

https://blog.csdn.net/u010433704/article/details/103079928

原文：

现在的生产环境基本上都采用主备方式，而如何实现redis的主备呢？一般情况下，redis实现主从复制比较简单，只需要在从服务器的配置文件里配置 "slaveof "即可。但这样存在一个问题：主服务器挂掉时，可临时将业务地址转移到从服务器，但从服务器无法进行写操作。

为解决这个问题，在网上查找了一些资料。主要有以下几种方案

1、使用keepalived+监控脚本实现主备切换

2、使用redis-cluster实现双主切换，原理就是模仿MySQL的bin-log机制。

本文介绍一下第一种方案

设计思路

当 Master 与 Slave 均运作正常时, Master负责服务，Slave负责Standby（后备）；
当 Master 挂掉，Slave 正常时, Slave接管服务，同时关闭主从复制功能；

当 Master 恢复正常，则从Slave同步数据，同步数据之后关闭主从复制功能，恢复Master身份，于此同时Slave等待Master同步数据完成之后，恢复Slave身份。
然后依次循环。

环境介绍

Master:172.17.129.251

Slave: 172.17.129.253

VIP: 172.17.129.250

基于如下的拓扑图：

实施步骤

1.两台主机上分别安装keepalived服务

#yum -y install keepalived

2.修改keepalived配置文件keepalived.conf

一般在：/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

修改Master上的

Master

}

vrrp_script chk_redis {

    script "/etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_check.sh"
   interval 2
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
   state MASTER
   interface em1
   virtual_router_id 51
   priority 101
   authentication {
       auth_type PASS
       auth_pass redis
   }
   track_script {
       chk_redis
   }
   virtual_ipaddress {
       192.168.3.188
   }
notify_master /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_master.sh
notify_backup /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_backup.sh
notify_fault /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_fault.sh
notify_stop   /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_stop.sh
}

修改slave上的

Slave

global_defs {
   notification_email {
     acassen@firewall.loc
     failover@firewall.loc
     sysadmin@firewall.loc
   }
   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
   smtp_server 127.0.0.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id LVS_DEVEL
}

vrrp_script chk_redis {
   script "/etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_check.sh"
   interval 2
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
   state BACKUP
   interface em1
   virtual_router_id 51
#   mcast_src_ip 192.168.3.186
   priority 100
   authentication {
       auth_type PASS
       auth_pass redis
   }
   track_script {
       chk_redis
   }
   virtual_ipaddress {
       192.168.3.188
   }
notify_master    /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_master.sh
notify_backup   /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_backup.sh
notify_fault       /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_fault.sh
notify_stop       /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_stop.sh

}

3.编写脚本

首先在两台服务器分别创建监控redis的脚本

#!/bin/bash
netstat -ntlp |grep 6379
if [ "$?" == "0" ]; then
   echo $?
   exit 0
else
   echo $?
   exit 1
fi

然后是以下这些

notify_master    /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_master.sh
notify_backup   /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_backup.sh
notify_fault       /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_fault.sh
notify_stop       /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_stop.sh

当keepalived进入Master状态时，会执行notify_master;

当keepalived进入Backup状态时，会执行notify_backup;

当keepalived进入fault状态时，会执行notify_fault ；

当keepalived进入stop状态时，会执行notify_stop；

在主服务器上编写以下两个脚本

redis_master.sh

#!/bin/bash
REDISCLI="/usr/local/bin/redis-cli"
LOGFILE="/var/log/keepalived-redis-state.log"
echo "[master]" >> $LOGFILE
date >> $LOGFILE
echo "Being master...." >> $LOGFILE 2>&1
echo "Run SLAVEOF cmd ..." >> $LOGFILE
$REDISCLI SLAVEOF 192.168.3.186 6379 >> $LOGFILE 2>&1
sleep 10 #延迟10秒以后待数据同步完成后再取消同步状态
echo "Run SLAVEOF NO ONE cmd ..." >> $LOGFILE
$REDISCLI SLAVEOF NO ONE >> $LOGFILE 2>&1

redis_backup.sh

#!/bin/bash
REDISCLI="/usr/local/bin/redis-cli"
LOGFILE="/var/log/keepalived-redis-state.log"
echo "[backup]" >> $LOGFILE
date >> $LOGFILE
echo "Being slave...." >> $LOGFILE 2>&1
sleep 15 # 延迟15秒待数据被对方同步完成之后再切换主从角色
echo "Run SLAVEOF cmd ..." >> $LOGFILE
$REDISCLI SLAVEOF 192.168.3.186 6379 >> $LOGFILE 2>&1

在从服务器上编写以下两个脚本

#!/bin/bash
REDISCLI="/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli"
LOGFILE="/var/log/keepalived-redis-state.log"
echo "[master]" >> $LOGFILE
date >> $LOGFILE
echo "Being master...." >> $LOGFILE2>&1
echo "Run SLAVEOF cmd ..." >>$LOGFILE
$REDISCLI SLAVEOF 192.168.3.185 6379 >> $LOGFILE 2>&1
sleep 10 #延迟10秒以后待数据同步完成后再取消同步状态
echo "Run SLAVEOF NO ONE cmd ..." >> $LOGFILE
$REDISCLI SLAVEOF NO ONE >> $LOGFILE 2>&1

redis_backup.sh

#!/bin/bash
REDISCLI="/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli"
LOGFILE="/var/log/keepalived-redis-state.log"
echo "[backup]" >> $LOGFILE
date >> $LOGFILE
echo "Being slave...." >> $LOGFILE 2>&1
sleep 15 #延迟15秒待数据被对方同步完成之后再切换主从角色
echo "Run SLAVEOF cmd ..." >> $LOGFILE
$REDISCLI SLAVEOF 192.168.3.185 6379 >> $LOGFILE 2>&1

主从共同编写以下两个脚本

redis_fault.sh

#!/bin/bash
LOGFILE=/var/log/keepalived-redis-state.log
echo "[fault]" >> $LOGFILE
date >> $LOGFILE

redis_stop.sh

#!/bin/bash
LOGFILE=/var/log/keepalived-redis-state.log
echo "[stop]">> $LOGFILE
date >> $LOGFILE

添加执行权限

#chmod +x *.sh

4.启动并验证

a.启动redis-server

b.启动keepalived

使用命令ip a查看VIP

c.访问VIP，并写入数据

# /usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli -h 192.168.3.188 set hello 1
OK
d.模拟主服务down掉，访问VIP并写入数据

主服务哭关闭redis进程

#pkill -9 redis

查看VIP

访问VIP

# /usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli -h 192.168.3.188 get hello
"1"

写入数据

# /usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli -h 192.168.3.188 set hello2 2
OK

e恢复主服务并查看写添加数据

# /usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli -h 192.168.3.188 get hello2
"2"

至此，双主备份成功实现。

搭建流程：https://blog.csdn.net/niketwo/article/details/79770966

posted on 2022-10-04 01:27 bdy 阅读(155) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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【redis】keepalived实现redis双主备份（keepalived + redis高可用方案搭建）

在26机器上也创建目录：/etc/keepalived，/usr/local/keepalived/var/log，/usr/local/keepalived/scripts/redis

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