event
http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/w369ty8x(v=vs.90).aspx
如果没有自定义 EventArgs 类,事件类型就是非泛型 EventHandler 委托。它无需声明,因为它已在创建 C# 项目时包含的 System 命名空间中进行了声明:
例如public event EventHandler RaiseCustomEvent;
namespace DotNetEvents
{
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
// Define a class to hold custom event info
public class CustomEventArgs : EventArgs
{
public CustomEventArgs(string s)
{
message = s;
}
private string message;
public string Message
{
get { return message; }
set { message = value; }
}
}
// Class that publishes an event
class Publisher
{
// Declare the event using EventHandler<T>
public event EventHandler<CustomEventArgs> RaiseCustomEvent;
public void DoSomething()
{
// Write some code that does something useful here
// then raise the event. You can also raise an event
// before you execute a block of code.
OnRaiseCustomEvent(new CustomEventArgs("Did something"));
}
// Wrap event invocations inside a protected virtual method
// to allow derived classes to override the event invocation behavior
protected virtual void OnRaiseCustomEvent(CustomEventArgs e)
{
// Make a temporary copy of the event to avoid possibility of
// a race condition if the last subscriber unsubscribes
// immediately after the null check and before the event is raised.
EventHandler<CustomEventArgs> handler = RaiseCustomEvent;
// Event will be null if there are no subscribers
if (handler != null)
{
// Format the string to send inside the CustomEventArgs parameter
e.Message += String.Format(" at {0}", DateTime.Now.ToString());
// Use the () operator to raise the event.
handler(this, e);
}
}
}
//Class that subscribes to an event
class Subscriber
{
private string id;
public Subscriber(string ID, Publisher pub)
{
id = ID;
// Subscribe to the event using C# 2.0 syntax
pub.RaiseCustomEvent += HandleCustomEvent;
}
// Define what actions to take when the event is raised.
void HandleCustomEvent(object sender, CustomEventArgs e)
{
Console.WriteLine(id + " received this message: {0}", e.Message);
}
}
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Publisher pub = new Publisher();
Subscriber sub1 = new Subscriber("sub1", pub);
Subscriber sub2 = new Subscriber("sub2", pub);
// Call the method that raises the event.
pub.DoSomething();
// Keep the console window open
Console.WriteLine("Press Enter to close this window.");
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
下面的过程演示了如何将符合标准 .NET Framework 模式的事件添加到您自己的类和结构中。.NET Framework 类库中的所有事件均基于 EventHandler 委托,定义如下:
public delegate void EventHandler(object sender, EventArgs e);
说明:
.NET Framework 2.0 引入了此委托的一个泛型版本,即 EventHandler<TEventArgs>。下面的示例显示如何使用这两种版本。
虽然您定义的类中的事件可基于任何有效委托类型(甚至是可返回值的委托),但是,通常建议您使用 EventHandler 让事件基于 .NET Framework 模式,如下面的示例所示。
采用 EventHandler 模式发布事件
1. (如果不需要与事件一起发送自定义数据,请跳过此步骤,进入步骤 3a。)在发行者类和订户类均可看见的范围中声明类,并添加保存自定义事件数据所需的成员。在此示例中,会返回一个简单字符串。
public class CustomEventArgs : EventArgs { public CustomEventArgs(string s) { msg = s; } private string msg; public string Message { get { return msg; } } }
2. (如果您使用的是 EventHandler<TEventArgs> 的泛型版本,请跳过此步骤。)在发布类中声明一个委托。为它指定以 EventHandler 结尾的名称。第二个参数指定自定义 EventArgs 类型。
public delegate void CustomEventHandler(object sender, CustomEventArgs a);
3. 使用以下任一步骤,在发布类中声明事件。 a. 如果没有自定义 EventArgs 类,事件类型就是非泛型 EventHandler 委托。它无需声明,因为它已在创建 C# 项目时包含的 System 命名空间中进行了声明:
public event EventHandler RaiseCustomEvent;
b. 如果使用的是 EventHandler 的非泛型版本,并且您有一个由 EventArgs 派生的自定义类,请在发布类中声明您的事件,并且将您的委托用作类型:
class Publisher { public event CustomEventHandler RaiseCustomEvent; }
c. 如果使用的是泛型版本,则不需要自定义委托。相反,应将事件类型指定为 EventHandler<CustomEventArgs>,在尖括号内放置您自己的类的名称。
public event EventHandler<CustomEventArgs> RaiseCustomEvent;