新手学习python（十四）好用的模块requests

requests是一个很实用的python HTTP客户端库，编写爬虫和测试服务器响应数据时经常会用到。可以说，Requests 完全满足如今网络的需求。支持python3

1、安装

A、通过pip安装     pip install requests

B、或者下载后安装

     git clone git://github.com/kennethreitz/requests.git

     cd requests

     python setup.py install

 

导入 import requests

2、发送get请求

url = 'http://api.xxxxx.cn/api/user/stu_info'

data = { 'stu_name':'小黑'}      #请求数据

req = requests.get(url, params = data)     #发送get请求

print(req.json())    #返回的是json,转成字典类型

print(req.text)       #返回string, json串

print(req.content)    #打印的二进制内容

 

3、发送post请求

url = 'http://api.xxxx.cn/api/user/login'

data = { ‘username’:'niuxx','passwd':'xxxxxx' }   #请求数据

req = requests.post( url,data )  #发送post请求

print( req.json() )   #返回操作结果

 

4、入参是json类型

import random

phone = random.randint(10000000000,99999999999)

url = 'http://api.xxxx.cn/api/user/add_stu'

data = {

       "name":"xiaoz",

       "grade":"天蝎座",

       "phone":phone,

        "sex":"男"

}

req = requests.post(url, json=data)  #入参是json类型

print( req.json() )

 

5、添加cookie

url = 'http://api.xxxx.cn/api/user/gold_add'

data = { 'stu_id':466, 'gold':1000 }

cookie = { 'niuxxx':'384353495843bhn78n' }

req = requests.post(url,data,cookies=cookie)   #添加cookie

print(req.json())

 

6、添加header

url = 'http://api.xxxx.cn/api/user/all_stu'

header={

        'Referer':'http://api.xxxx.cn/'

}

req = requests.get(url, headers = header)

print(req.json())

 

6、上传文件

url = 'http://api.xxxx.cn/api/file/file_upload'

data = {

        'file':open('笔记')

}

data = { 'file':open(r'D:\YYY.jpg','rb') }  #上传图片，rb代表二进制读

req = requests.post(url,files=data)

print(req.json())

 

7、下载图片

url = 'http://www.xxxx.cn/wp-connect/uploads/2018/01/soup.jpg'

req = requests.get(url)

print( req.content)    #返回图片的二进制内容

fw = open('s.jpg','wb')  #wb代表图片的二进制的写

fw.write(req.content)