自动机(java)
1. 表示数值的字符串
请实现一个函数用来判断字符串是否表示数值(包括整数和小数)。
数值(按从左至右的顺序)可以分成以下几个部分:
- 若干空格
- 一个 小数 或者 整数
- (可选)一个 'e' 或 'E' ,后面跟着一个 整数
- 若干空格
小数(按从左至右顺序)可以分成以下几个部分:
- (可选)一个符号字符('+' 或 '-')
- 下述格式之一:
- 至少一位数字,后面跟着一个点 '.'
- 至少一位数字,后面跟着一个点 '.' ,后面再跟着至少一位数字
- 一个点 '.' ,后面跟着至少一位数字
整数(按从左至右顺序)可以分成以下几个部分:
- (可选)一个符号字符('+' 或 '-')
- 至少一位数字
部分数值列举如下:
["+100", "5e2", "-123", "3.1416", "-1E-16", "0123"]
部分非数值列举如下:
["12e", "1a3.14", "1.2.3", "+-5", "12e+5.4"]
输入:s = "0"
输出:true
输入:s = "e"
输出:false
输入:s = "."
输出:false
输入:s = " .1 "
输出:true
/**
状态集合:
状态0: 只包含起始的空格符(或空)
状态1: 只包含符号位
状态2: 只包含整数部分
状态3: 存在左侧有整数的小数点
状态4: 存在左侧无整数的小数点
状态5: 存在小数部分
状态6: 存在字符e
状态7: 存在指数部分的符号位
状态8: 存在指数部分的整数部分
状态9: 存在末尾的空格符
初始状态:状态0
接受状态:状态2、3、5、8、9
状态迁移:在状态1接收某些字符迁移到状态2(state1 --(chararters)--> state2)
0 -> 0, 1, 2, 4 (0 --(空格)--> 0;0 -- (+/-) --> 1; 0 -- ([0-9]) --> 2; 0 -- (.) --> 4)
1 -> 2, 4
2 -> 2, 3, 6, 9
3 -> 5, 6, 9
4 -> 5
5 -> 6, 9
6 -> 7, 8
7 -> 8
8 -> 8, 9
9 -> 9
**/
import java.util.*;
class Solution {
//用枚举变量表示的自动机状态(0-9)
enum State {
STATE_INITIAL,
STATE_INT_SIGN,
STATE_INTEGER,
STATE_POINT,
STATE_POINT_WITHOUT_INT,
STATE_FRACTION,
STATE_EXP,
STATE_EXP_SIGN,
STATE_EXP_NUMBER,
STATE_END,
}
//用枚举变量表示自动机接收的字符类型
enum CharType {
CHAR_NUMBER,
CHAR_EXP,
CHAR_POINT,
CHAR_SIGN,
CHAR_SPACE,
CHAR_ILLEGAL,
}
//字符到字符类型的转换
public CharType toCharType(char ch) {
if (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') {
return CharType.CHAR_NUMBER;
} else if (ch == 'e' || ch == 'E') {
return CharType.CHAR_EXP;
} else if (ch == '.') {
return CharType.CHAR_POINT;
} else if (ch == '+' || ch == '-') {
return CharType.CHAR_SIGN;
} else if (ch == ' ') {
return CharType.CHAR_SPACE;
} else {
return CharType.CHAR_ILLEGAL;
}
}
public boolean isNumeric(String str) {
//用map表示自动机的迁移关系
Map<State, Map<CharType, State>> transfer = new HashMap<State, Map<CharType, State>>();
//位于各个状态时的迁移关系(关键)
Map<CharType, State> initialMap = new HashMap<CharType, State>() {{
put(CharType.CHAR_SPACE, State.STATE_INITIAL);
put(CharType.CHAR_NUMBER, State.STATE_INTEGER);
put(CharType.CHAR_POINT, State.STATE_POINT_WITHOUT_INT);
put(CharType.CHAR_SIGN, State.STATE_INT_SIGN);
}};
transfer.put(State.STATE_INITIAL, initialMap);
Map<CharType, State> intSignMap = new HashMap<CharType, State>() {{
put(CharType.CHAR_NUMBER, State.STATE_INTEGER);
put(CharType.CHAR_POINT, State.STATE_POINT_WITHOUT_INT);
}};
transfer.put(State.STATE_INT_SIGN, intSignMap);
Map<CharType, State> integerMap = new HashMap<CharType, State>() {{
put(CharType.CHAR_NUMBER, State.STATE_INTEGER);
put(CharType.CHAR_EXP, State.STATE_EXP);
put(CharType.CHAR_POINT, State.STATE_POINT);
put(CharType.CHAR_SPACE, State.STATE_END);
}};
transfer.put(State.STATE_INTEGER, integerMap);
Map<CharType, State> pointMap = new HashMap<CharType, State>() {{
put(CharType.CHAR_NUMBER, State.STATE_FRACTION);
put(CharType.CHAR_EXP, State.STATE_EXP);
put(CharType.CHAR_SPACE, State.STATE_END);
}};
transfer.put(State.STATE_POINT, pointMap);
Map<CharType, State> pointWithoutIntMap = new HashMap<CharType, State>() {{
put(CharType.CHAR_NUMBER, State.STATE_FRACTION);
}};
transfer.put(State.STATE_POINT_WITHOUT_INT, pointWithoutIntMap);
Map<CharType, State> fractionMap = new HashMap<CharType, State>() {{
put(CharType.CHAR_NUMBER, State.STATE_FRACTION);
put(CharType.CHAR_EXP, State.STATE_EXP);
put(CharType.CHAR_SPACE, State.STATE_END);
}};
transfer.put(State.STATE_FRACTION, fractionMap);
Map<CharType, State> expMap = new HashMap<CharType, State>() {{
put(CharType.CHAR_NUMBER, State.STATE_EXP_NUMBER);
put(CharType.CHAR_SIGN, State.STATE_EXP_SIGN);
}};
transfer.put(State.STATE_EXP, expMap);
Map<CharType, State> expSignMap = new HashMap<CharType, State>() {{
put(CharType.CHAR_NUMBER, State.STATE_EXP_NUMBER);
}};
transfer.put(State.STATE_EXP_SIGN, expSignMap);
Map<CharType, State> expNumberMap = new HashMap<CharType, State>() {{
put(CharType.CHAR_NUMBER, State.STATE_EXP_NUMBER);
put(CharType.CHAR_SPACE, State.STATE_END);
}};
transfer.put(State.STATE_EXP_NUMBER, expNumberMap);
Map<CharType, State> endMap = new HashMap<CharType, State>() {{
put(CharType.CHAR_SPACE, State.STATE_END);
}};
transfer.put(State.STATE_END, endMap);
//验证某字符串是否属于该自动机能够接收的字符串
int length = str.length();
State state = State.STATE_INITIAL;
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
CharType type = toCharType(str.charAt(i));
if (!transfer.get(state).containsKey(type)) {
return false;
} else {
state = transfer.get(state).get(type);
}
}
return state == State.STATE_INTEGER || state == State.STATE_POINT || state == State.STATE_FRACTION || state == State.STATE_EXP_NUMBER || state == State.STATE_END;
}
}