AI脸部识别，人脸比对，人脸识别
背景
简单来说是比对两张图片（照片）中的人脸，判断是否属于同一个人。
应用广泛，可以用于学习特定的人脸（照片），然后搜索视频（或者摄像头）识别特定的人脸，做标记，美化等等。
环境
M1 MacBook
工具
Python
face-recognition 1.3.0 (安装步骤见：如何安装face-recognition 1.3.0)
工具的获取及安装
如果在Mac下最快速度安装cmake？
1. 用多线程下载工具从其网站上下载dmg安装包。
2. 在Terminal下，运行：
PATH="/Applications/CMake.app/Contents/bin":"$PATH"
3. 验证，在Terminal下（任何目录下）,运行cmake, 会出现如下信息，即安装成功
~ % cmake Usage cmake [options] <path-to-source> cmake [options] <path-to-existing-build> cmake [options] -S <path-to-source> -B <path-to-build> Specify a source directory to (re-)generate a build system for it in the current working directory. Specify an existing build directory to re-generate its build system. Run 'cmake --help' for more information.
方法二（安装CMake，当出现ERROR: CMake must be installed to build dlib）
2.1. 用多线程下载工具，下载Wheel文件（或者.tar.gz包文件）
cmake-3.25.0-py2.py3-none-macosx_10_10_universal2.macosx_10_10_x86_64.macosx_11_0_arm64.macosx_11_0_universal2.whl (45.1 MB view hashes)
下载URL地址： https://pypi.org/project/cmake/#files
2.2 使用CLI命令在Terminal下运行
python3 -m pip install ~/Downloads/cmake-3.25.0-py2.py3-none-macosx_10_10_universal2.macosx_10_10_x86_64.macosx_11_0_arm64.macosx_11_0_universal2.whl
如果在Mac下最快速度安装opencv？
1. Download "opencv-python-4.7.0.68.tar.gz" 2. 解压后，Terminal进入这个目录下。 3. pip3 install --upgrade pip before install opencv-python
4. python3 setup.py install
（这个过程有点漫长，Terminal输出很多信息，耗时几分钟）
如何安装face-recognition 1.3.0
1.1. 方法一 （简洁明了，缺点：单线程下载网速巨慢，最后容易timeout错误）
pip3 install face-recognition
1.2. 方法二（以下三步骤）
1. 下载包 dlib-19.24.0.tar.gz后，运行：
2. python3 -m pip install ~/Downloads/dlib-19.24.0.tar.gz
1. 下载包 cmake-3.25.1-macos-universal.dmg，并安装。
2. PATH="/Applications/CMake.app/Contents/bin":"$PATH"
pip3 install face-recognition
【可选】下载并安装opencv-python-4.7.0.68
python3 setup.py install
2. 验证是否安装成功
import face_recognition
常见错误及解决办法
WARNING: The scripts face_detection and face_recognition are installed in '/Users/***/Library/Python/3.8/bin' which is not on PATH.
3. 下载原代码然后安装，一般会卡死在下载包的过程中
举例说明（face-compare），比如： .. % cd /Users/***/Downloads/face-compare-1.1.4 face-compare-1.1.4 % sudo python3 setup.py install 卡死在： Reading https://pypi.org/simple/opencv-python/ Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/33/92/87e99adfaf9c847021ecfcd4bf2732c863752cf47c0c9ad349c8de260183/opencv-python-4.7.0.68.tar.gz#sha256=9829e6efedde1d1b8419c5bd4d62d289ecbf44ae35b843c6da9e3cbcba1a9a8a
ImportError: dlopen(/Users/***/Library/Python/3.8/lib/python/site-packages/_dlib_pybind11.cpython-38-darwin.so, 0x0002): symbol not found in flat namespace '_png_do_expand_palette_rgb8_neon'
解决思路：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/60761175/how-to-solve-importerror-dlopen-symbol-not-found-expected-in-flat-name
错误出现在dlib模块。
Resolved BY using:
pip3 install dlib-binary
...
Building wheels for collected packages: dlib-binary
...
Successfully built dlib-binary
Installing collected packages: dlib-binary
Successfully installed dlib-binary-19.21.99
安装cv的过程中出现错误：ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'skbuild'
pip3 install scikit-build
相关内容
实例
验证一切就绪
... % python3 Python 3.8.9 (default, Oct 26 2021, 07:25:53) [Clang 13.0.0 (clang-1300.0.29.30)] on darwin Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import dlib >>> import face_recognition >>> exit()
import face_recognition known_image = face_recognition.load_image_file("DailuPic1.webp") unknown_image = face_recognition.load_image_file("DaiLuTest3_2.jpg") biden_encoding = face_recognition.face_encodings(known_image)[0] unknown_encoding = face_recognition.face_encodings(unknown_image)[0] face_recognition.compare_faces([biden_encoding], unknown_encoding)
通过更换不同的照片（测试中发现如果侧脸就无法识别，Limitation挺明显的）来判断两张照片中的人是否是同一个人。
返回结果：[False] 或者 [True]
感谢列表
-
Speed up pip install https://blog.ionelmc.ro/2015/01/02/speedup-pip-install/
- face-recognition 和 cmake说明：
- https://pypi.org/project/face-recognition/
- https://pypi.org/project/cmake/#files
- Python Packaging User Guide » Tutorials » Installing Packages
- Install Packages： https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/tutorials/installing-packages/#installing-from-local-archives
-
How to install dlib v19.9 or newer (w/ python bindings) from github on macOS and Ubuntu
https://gist.github.com/ageitgey/629d75c1baac34dfa5ca2a1928a7aeaf - https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/how-to-install-opencv-4-on-macos/
