IFC文件介绍
IFC是一个数据交换标准, 用于不同系统交换和共享数据。
IFC是采用EXPRESS语言定义的实体关系模型,由几百个实体对象组成。实体对象包括建筑要素如IfcWall,几何元素如IfcExtrudedAreaSolid和基本结构如IfcCartesianPoint
IFC发展历程:
- IFC4 Add2 (2016)
- IFC4 Add1 (2015)
- IFC4 (2011)
- IFC2x3 (2006)
- IFC 2x (2000)
- IFC 2.0 (1999)
- IFC 1.5 (1997)
- IFC 1.0 (1996)
1.IFC标准整体的信息描述分为四个层次:
资源层(IFC-Resource Layer):
基础信息定义, 例如材料、几何、拓扑等
核心层(IFC-Core Layer):
定义信息模型的整体框架
例如工程对象之间的关系、工程对象的位和几何形状等;
该层主要描述建筑工程信息的整体框架,其将资源层的信息用一个整体框架组织起来,使它们相互联系和连接,组成一个整体,真实反映现实世界的结构
共享层(IFC-Interoperability Layer):
定义跨专业交换的信息, 例如墙、梁、住、门、窗等
领域层(IFC-Domain Layer):
定义各自领域的信息, 例如暖通领域的锅炉、风扇、节气阀等
2.IFC文件内容
采用了一种面向对象的、规范化的数据描述语言EXPRESS 语言作为数据描述语言,定义所有用到的数据。
在IFC对象模型中,实体分为有根和无根实体,有根实体从IfcRoot派生,具备身份唯一标识(GUID)、名称、描述以及版本控制。无根实体没有身份标识(GUID),实例只有直接或间接被引用时才存在。
IfcRoot细分为三个抽象概念:对象定义,关系和属性集:
IfcObjectDefinition 对象的定义
IfcRelationship 用来描述实体对象间的相互关系
IfcPropertyDefinition 用来描述对象的特征,反映了对象在具体工程中的特殊信息
3. SPF介绍
IFC SPF(STEP Physical File)文件是 IFC 标准所使用的主要数据交换文件
为了数据交换的目的,STEP标准Prat 21规定了正文文件的结构,文件包括两段:
(1)头段
头段给出关于文件的种类和作者的信息。
在每一个IFC交换文件中头段必须出现。
该段以关键字"HEADER"开始,并且以"ENDSEC"结束。
在每一个交换文件结构中要规定头段实体,并且每一个实体要求有一个实例出现。
头段实体有文件描述(file_desctiption)、文件名(file_name)、文件模式(file_schema),并且应该按这一顺序出现。
HEADER; /****************************************************************************************** * STEP Physical File produced by: The EXPRESS Data Manager Version 5.01.0100.02.64mod : 6 Jun 2012 * Module: EDMstepFileFactory/EDMstandAlone * Creation date: Thu Jun 27 16:37:58 2019 * Host: hkgi-PC * Database: C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\{9CFC66D6-8A28-41DB-BCCC-A3D3104CADAA}\ifc * Database version: 5507 * Database creation date: Thu Jun 27 16:37:57 2019 * Schema: IFC2X3 * Model: DataRepository.ifc * Model creation date: Thu Jun 27 16:37:57 2019 * Header model: DataRepository.ifc_HeaderModel * Header model creation date: Thu Jun 27 16:37:57 2019 * EDMuser: sdai-user * EDMgroup: sdai-group * License ID and type: 5605 : Permanent license. Expiry date: * EDMstepFileFactory options: 020000 ******************************************************************************************/ FILE_DESCRIPTION(('ViewDefinition [CoordinationView]'),'2;1'); FILE_NAME('\X2\987976EE7F1653F7\X0\','2019-06-27T16:37:58',(''),(''),'The EXPRESS Data Manager Version 5.01.0100.02.64mod : 6 Jun 2012','20130308_1515(x64) - Exporter 2014.0.2013.0308 - Default UI',''); FILE_SCHEMA(('IFC2X3')); ENDSEC;
(2)数据段
数据段包括要被交换结构传送的产品数据。
每一个IFC文件都应该有数据段。该段以关键字"DATA"开始,并且以"ENDSEC"结束。
DATA; #1= IFCORGANIZATION($,'Autodesk Revit 2014 (CHS)',$,$,$); #5= IFCAPPLICATION(#1,'2014','Autodesk Revit 2014 (CHS)','Revit'); #6= IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0.,0.,0.)); #9= IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0.,0.)); #11= IFCDIRECTION((1.,0.,0.)); #13= IFCDIRECTION((-1.,0.,0.)); #15= IFCDIRECTION((0.,1.,0.)); #17= IFCDIRECTION((0.,-1.,0.)); #19= IFCDIRECTION((0.,0.,1.)); #21= IFCDIRECTION((0.,0.,-1.)); #23= IFCDIRECTION((1.,0.)); #25= IFCDIRECTION((-1.,0.)); #27= IFCDIRECTION((0.,1.)); #29= IFCDIRECTION((0.,-1.)); #31= IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#6,$,$); #32= IFCLOCALPLACEMENT(#429,#31); #35= IFCPERSON($,'','Administrator',$,$,$,$,$); #37= IFCORGANIZATION($,'','',$,$); #38= IFCPERSONANDORGANIZATION(#35,#37,$); #41= IFCOWNERHISTORY(#38,#5,$,.NOCHANGE.,$,$,$,0); #42= IFCSIUNIT(*,.LENGTHUNIT.,.MILLI.,.METRE.); #43= IFCSIUNIT(*,.LENGTHUNIT.,$,.METRE.); #44= IFCSIUNIT(*,.AREAUNIT.,$,.SQUARE_METRE.); #45= IFCSIUNIT(*,.VOLUMEUNIT.,$,.CUBIC_METRE.); #46= IFCSIUNIT(*,.PLANEANGLEUNIT.,$,.RADIAN.); #47= IFCDIMENSIONALEXPONENTS(0,0,0,0,0,0,0); #48= IFCMEASUREWITHUNIT(IFCRATIOMEASURE(0.0174532925199433),#46); #49= IFCCONVERSIONBASEDUNIT(#47,.PLANEANGLEUNIT.,'DEGREE',#48); #50= IFCSIUNIT(*,.MASSUNIT.,.KILO.,.GRAM.); #51= IFCSIUNIT(*,.TIMEUNIT.,$,.SECOND.); #52= IFCSIUNIT(*,.THERMODYNAMICTEMPERATUREUNIT.,$,.KELVIN.); #53= IFCDERIVEDUNITELEMENT(#50,1); #54= IFCDERIVEDUNITELEMENT(#52,-1); #55= IFCDERIVEDUNITELEMENT(#51,-3); #56= IFCDERIVEDUNIT((#53,#54,#55),.THERMALTRANSMITTANCEUNIT.,$); #58= IFCDERIVEDUNITELEMENT(#43,3); #59= IFCDERIVEDUNITELEMENT(#51,-1); #60= IFCDERIVEDUNIT((#58,#59),.VOLUMETRICFLOWRATEUNIT.,$); #62= IFCSIUNIT(*,.POWERUNIT.,$,.WATT.); #63= IFCUNITASSIGNMENT((#42,#44,#45,#49,#50,#51,#52,#56,#60,#62)); #65= IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#6,$,$); #66= IFCDIRECTION((2.,6.12303176911189E-17,1.)); #68= IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONCONTEXT($,'Model',3,1.00000000000000E-5,#65,#66); #71= IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONSUBCONTEXT('Axis','Model',*,*,*,*,#68,$,.GRAPH_VIEW.,$); #73= IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONSUBCONTEXT('Body','Model',*,*,*,*,#68,$,.MODEL_VIEW.,$); 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#163= IFCPRESENTATIONSTYLEASSIGNMENT((#161)); #165= IFCSTYLEDITEM(#158,(#163),$); #168= IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#73,'Body','SweptSolid',(#158)); #171= IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($,$,(#141,#168)); #175= IFCWALLSTANDARDCASE('1N3ZKiDC9FugEh2duUkk4c',#41,'\X2\57FA672C5899\X0\:\X2\5E3889C4\X0\ - 200mm:154820',$,'\X2\57FA672C5899\X0\:\X2\5E3889C4\X0\ - 200mm:1740',#135,#171,'154820'); #184= IFCPROPERTYSINGLEVALUE('\X2\987690E85EF64F388DDD79BB\X0\',$,IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.),$); #185= IFCPROPERTYSINGLEVALUE('\X2\65E08FDE63A59AD85EA6\X0\',$,IFCLENGTHMEASURE(8000.),$); #186= IFCPROPERTYSINGLEVALUE('\X2\957F5EA6\X0\',$,IFCLENGTHMEASURE(11200.),$); #187= IFCPROPERTYSINGLEVALUE('\X2\7ED3678475289014\X0\',$,IFCIDENTIFIER('\X2\975E627F91CD\X0\'),$); #188= IFCPROPERTYSINGLEVALUE('\X2\623F95F48FB9754C\X0\',$,IFCBOOLEAN(.T.),$); #189= IFCPROPERTYSINGLEVALUE('\X2\7ED36784\X0\',$,IFCBOOLEAN(.F.),$); #190= IFCPROPERTYSINGLEVALUE('\X2\5DF2964477405E9590E8\X0\',$,IFCBOOLEAN(.F.),$); #191= IFCPROPERTYSINGLEVALUE('\X2\5E9590E85EF64F388DDD79BB\X0\',$,IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.),$); 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#507= IFCPROPERTYSINGLEVALUE('\X2\7EC47EC7540D79F0\X0\',$,IFCTEXT(''),$); #508= IFCPROPERTYSET('0loSh2md5Fg8aybgKZmuD5',#41,'\X2\51764ED6\X0\',$,(#497,#499,#500,#501,#502,#503,#505)); #510= IFCRELDEFINESBYPROPERTIES('30wpN4tzv5tPCry0sknUaV',#41,$,$,(#89),#508); #513= IFCPROPERTYSET('019xRWKCrBrBwefSZ_vAE5',#41,'\X2\68078BC66570636E\X0\',$,(#498,#504,#506,#507)); #515= IFCRELDEFINESBYPROPERTIES('3hR4Fo$BT8JwXar5hu6iZt',#41,$,$,(#89),#513); #518= IFCRELASSOCIATESMATERIAL('06WN5p5Qv8tv8sBi9DjcTh',#41,$,$,(#175),#261); #521= IFCRELASSOCIATESMATERIAL('2Npk$jm1H0oxmMXqcuDIKi',#41,$,$,(#262),#258); #524= IFCRELASSOCIATESMATERIAL('3fUcgQrovBXP1TOLvj3IUw',#41,$,$,(#312),#348); #527= IFCRELASSOCIATESMATERIAL('0gGoBVk9X6pRwA4LH8JV3k',#41,$,$,(#386),#422); #530= IFCRELDEFINESBYTYPE('03J3GvDlf3eOieOMxPbYSe',#41,$,$,(#175,#312,#386),#262); #533= IFCRELDEFINESBYPROPERTIES('3iuGumasz5qAayuvY94LdR',#41,$,$,(#312,#386),#235); #536= IFCRELDEFINESBYPROPERTIES('2v2DvWpm17ZgODusO39BCE',#41,$,$,(#312,#386),#237); #539= IFCRELDEFINESBYPROPERTIES('2vfkZZnSH6fBAnz8CxN7BL',#41,$,$,(#312,#386),#239); #561= IFCPRESENTATIONLAYERASSIGNMENT('A-WALL-____-OTLN',$,(#141,#168,#288,#308,#364,#382),$); ENDSEC;
实体实例格式:
#<integer value> = <entity name> (<attribute values>);