高级技巧

一,高级函数
1,安全的类型检测
  safari中tepeof操作符对正则表达式返回function
  instanceof存在多个全局作用域(包含多个frame)时,frame中定义的变量不能再其他的frame中使用
  在任何值上调用Object原生的toString()方法,返回一个[object NativeConstructorName]格式的字符串
  每个类的内部都有一个[[class]]属性,指定了上述字符串中的构造函数名
  检测是否为原生函数
  function isFunction(value){
    return Object.prototype.toString.call(value) == "[object Function]";
  }
  检测是否为正则表达式
  function isRegExp(value){
    return Object.prototype.toString.call(value) == "[object RegExp]";
  }
  对于IE中以COM对象形式实现的任何函数,以上都会返回false
  开发人员定义的任何构造函数都将返回[object Object];用于区别原生与非原生的Javascript对象
2,作用域安全的构造函数
  当使用new操作符时,构造函数内用到的this对象会指向新创建的对象实例
  当没有使用new操作符,直接使用构造函数如Person(),this会映射到全局对象window上,导致错误对象属性的意外增加
  创建一个作用域安全的构造函数

    function Person(name,age,job){
      if(this instanceof Person){
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.job = job;
      }else{
        return new Person(name,age,job);
      }
    }

  此时锁定了构造函数的环境,如果不使用原型链会破坏使用这个构造函数窃取模式的继承
  使用构造函数窃取结合使用原型链或者寄生组合可以解决这个问题

  function Polygon(sides){
    if(this instanceof Polygon){
      this.sides = sides;
      this.getArea = function(){};
    }else{
      return new Polygon();
    }
  }
  function Rectangle(width,height){
    Polygon.call(this,2);
    this.width = width;
    this.height = height;
    this.getArea = function(){return this.width * this.height;};
  }
  Rectangle.prototype = new Polygon();

3,惰性载入函数
  表示函数执行的分支仅会发生一次,if语句
  1)在函数被调用时再处理函数

    function createXHR(){
      if(typeof XMLHttpRequest != "undefined"){
        createXHR = function(){
          return new XMLHttpRequest();
        };
      }else if(typeof AcitveXObject != "undefined"){
        createXHR = function(){
          if(typeof argument.callee.activeXString != "String"){
            var versions = ["MSXML2.XMLHttp.6.0","MSXML2.XMLHttp.3.0","MSXML2.XMLHttp"],i,len;
            for(i=0,len=versions.length;i<len;i++){
              new ActiveXObject(versions[i]);
              argument.callee.activeXString = versions[i];
              break;
            }catch(ex){
              //skip
            }
          }
          return new ActiveXObject(argument.callee.activeXString);
        };
    }else{
      createXHR = function(){
        throw new Error("NO XHR object available");
      };
    }
    return createXHR();
  }

  2)在声明函数时指定适当的函数,第一次调用函数时就不会损失性能,在代码首次加载时会损失性能
  创建匿名,自执行的函数

    var createXHR = (function(){
      if(typeof XMLHttpRequest != "undefined"){
        return function(){
          return new XMLHttpRequest();
        };
      }else if(typeof ActiveXObject != "undefined"){
        return function(){
          if(typeof argument.callee.activeXString != "string"){
            var versions = ["MSXML2.XMLHttp.6.0","MSXML2.XMLHttp.3.0","MSXML2.XMLHttp"],i,len;
            for(i=0,len=versions.length;i<len;i++){
              try{
                new ActiveXObject(versions[i]);
                argument.callee.activeXString = versions[i];
                break;
              }catch(ex){
                //skip
              }
            }
          }
          return new ActiveXObject(argument.callee.activeXString);
        };
    }else{
      return function(){
        throw new Error("NO XHR object available")
      };
    }
  })();

4,函数绑定
  创建一个函数,可以在特定的this环境中以指定参数调用另一个函数,常常和回调函数与事件处理程序一起使用,将函数作为变量传递的同时保留代码执行环境
  将函数绑定到指定环境的函数,这个函数叫做bind(),接受一个函数和一个环境,返回一个在给定环境中调用给定函数的函数,所有参数原封不动的传递过去
  function bind(fn,context){
    return function(){
      return fn.apply(context,argument);
    };
  }
  argument是内部函数的而非bind()函数的
  使用自定义的bind()函数,
  var handler = {
    message:"Event handlers",
    handleClick:function(event){alert(this.message + ":" + event.type);}
  };
  var btn = document.getElementById("my-btn");
  EventUtil.addhandler(btn,"click",bind(handler.hangleClick,handler));
  原生的bind()方法,在ECMAscript中定义,传人作为this值的对象
  EventUtil.addhandler(btn,"click",handler.handleClick.bind(handler));
5,函数的柯里化
  用于创建已经设置好了一个或多个参数的函数,基本方法,使用一个闭包返回一个函数,返回的函数还需要设置传人的参数
  创建步骤,调用另一个函数并为它传人要柯里化的函数和必要的参数

  function curry(fn){
    var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments,1);
    return function(){
      var innerArgs = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
      var finalArgs = args.concat(innerArgs);
      return fn.apply(null,finalArgs);
    };
  }
  function add(num1,num2){return num1+num2;}
  var curriedAdd = curry(add,5);
  alert(curriedAdd(3))
  var curriedAdd = curry(ass,6,10);
  alert(curredAdd());

  函数柯里化可以作为函数绑定的一部分包含在其中,构造出更为复杂的bind()函数

  function bind(fn,context){
    var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments,2);
    return function(){
      var innerArgs = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
      var finalArgs = args.concat(innerArgs);
      return fn.apply(context,finalArgs);
    };
  }
  除了event对象额外给事件处理程序传递参数时,
  var handler = {
    message:"Event Handler";
    handleClick:function(name,event){
      alert(this.message + ":" + name + ":" + event.type);
    }
  };
  var btn = document.getElementById("my-btn");
  EventUtil.addHandler(btn,"click",bind(handler.handleClick,handler,"my-btn"));
  EventUtil.addHandler(btn,"click",handler.handleClick.bind(handler,"my-btn"));

二,防篡改对象
1,不可扩展对象
  var person = {name:"Nicholas"};
  Object.preventExtensions(person);
  阻止对象的扩展,不能再添加属性和方法,可以修改删除已有成员
  Object.isExtensible(person);确定person是否可以扩展
2,密封的对象
  密封对象不可扩展,已有成员的[[Configurable]]特性被修改为false,不能删除属性和方法,属性值可以修改
  Object.seal(person);密封对象
  Object.isSeal(person);确定person是否被密封
3,冻结的对象
  冻结的对象既不可扩展,又是密封的,而且对象数据属性[[Writable]]特性被设置为false,定义[[Set]]函数,访问器属性仍然是可写的
  Object.freeze(person);冻结对象
  Object.isFrozen(person);确定对象是否冻结
三,高级定时器
1,重复的定时器
  1)某些间隔会被跳过,2)多个定时器的代码执行之间的间隔可能会比预期小
  避免上述问题,使用链式setTimeout()调用

  setTimeout(function(){
    setTimeout(argument.callee,interval);
  },interval);
  setTimeout(function(){
    var div = document.getElementById("myDiv");
    left = parseInt(div.style.left) + 5;
    div.style.left = left + "px";
    if(left < 200){
      setTimeout(argument.callee,50);
    }
  },50);

2,Yielding Processes
  长时间运行脚本的制约,如果代码运行超过特定的时间或者特定语句数量,会弹出对话框
  原因有二,过长的,过深嵌套的函数调用或者是进行大量处理的循环,
  当发现某个循环占用了大量时间,可是使用定时器分割这个循环,叫做数组分块
  基本模式

  setTimeout(function(){
    //取出下一个条目并处理
    var item = array.shift();
    process(item);
    //若还有条目,再设置另一个定时器
    if(array.length>0){
      setTimeout(arguments.callee,100);
    }
  },100);

  实现数组分块,使用下列函数

  function chunk(array,process,context){
    setTimeout(function(){
      var item = array.shift();
      process.call(context,item);
      if(array.length > 0){
        setTimeout(arguments.callee,100);
      }
    },100);
  }

3,函数节流
思想是某些代码不可以在没有时间间断的情况连续重复执行,第一次调用函数,创建一个定时器,在指定的时间间隔之后运行代码
第二次调用该函数时,它会清除前一次的定时器并设置另一个
基本形式

  var processor = {
    timeoutID:null;
    //实际进行处理的方法
    performProcessing:function(){
      //实际执行的代码
    },
    //初始化处理调用的方法
    process:function(){
      clearTimeout(this.timeoutID);
      var that = this;
      this.timeoutID = setTimeout(function(){
        that.performProcessing();
      },100);
    }
  };
  processor.process();

化简模式
  function throttle(method,context){
    clearTimeout(method.tid);
    method.tid = setTimeout(function(){
      method.call(context);
    },100);
  }
  resize事件,window.onresize = function(){};
    function resizeDIv(){
      var div = document.getElementById("myDIv");
      div.style.height = div.offsetWidth + "px";
    }
    window.onresize = function(){throttle(resizeDIv);};
四,自定义事件
自定义事件的基本模式

  function EventTarget(){this.handlers = {};}
  EventTarget.prototype = {
    constructor:EventTarget,
    addHandler:function(type,handler){
      if(typeof this.handlers[type] == "undefined"){
        this.handlers[type] = [];
      }
      this.handlers[type].push(handler);
    },
    fire:function(event){
      if(!event.target){
        event.target = this;
      }
      if(this.handlers[event.type] instanceof Array){
        var handlers = this.handlers[event.type];
        for(var i=0,len=handlers.length;i<len;i++){
          handlers[i](evnet);
        }
      }
    },
    removeHandler:function(type,handler){
      if(this.handlers[type] instanceof Array){
        var handlers = this.handlers[type];
        for(var i=0,len=handlers.length;i<len;i++){
          if(handlersp[i] === handler){
            break;
          }
        }
        handlers.splice(i,1);
      }
    },
   };

  使用自定义事件
  function handleMessage(event){
    alert("Message received:" + event.message);
  }
  var target = new EventTarget();
  target.addHandler("message",handleMessage);
  target.fire({type:"message",message:"hellod"});
  target.removeHandler("message",handleMessage);
  target.fire({type:"message",message:"hello"});
  其他对象可以继承EventTarget对象
  function Person(name,age){
    EventTarget.call(this);
    this.name = name;
    this.age = age;
  }
  inheritProtetype(Person,EventTarget);
  Person.prototype.say=function(message){
    this.fire({type:"message",message:message});
  };
  使用方法
  function handleMessage(event){
    alert(event.target.name + "say" + event.target);
  }
  var person = new Person("Nicholas",29);
  person.addHandler("message",handleMessage);
  person.say("Hi,there");
五,拖放

  var DragDrop = function(){
    var dragging = null;
    function handleEvent(event){
      //获取事件和目标
      event = EventUtil.getEvent(event);
      var target = EventUtil.getTarget(event);
      //确定事件类型
      switch(event.type){
        case "mousedown":
          if(target.className.indexOf("draggable") > -1){dragging = target};
          break;
        case "mousemove":
          if(dragging != null){
            //指定位置
            dragging.style.left = event.clientX + "px";
            dragging.style.top = event.clientY + "px";
          }
          break;
        case "mouseup":
          dragging = null;
          break;
      }
    }
    //公共接口
    return{
      enable:function(){
        EventUtil.addHandler(document,"mousedown",handleEvent);
        EventUtil.addHandler(document,"mousemove",handleEvent);
        EventUtil.addHandler(document,"mouseup",handleEvent);
      },
      disable:function(){
        EventUtil.addHandler(document,"mousedown",handleEvent);
        EventUtil.addHandler(document,"mousemove",handleEvent);
        EventUtil.addHandler(document,"mouseup",handleEvent);
      },
    };
  }();

1,修缮拖动功能

  var DragDrop = function(){
    var dragging = null,
    diffX = 0;,
    diffY = 0;
    function handleEvent(event){
      event = EventUtil.getEvent(event);
      var target = EventUtil.getTarget(event);
      switch(event.type){
        case "mousedown":
          if(target.className.indexOf("draggable") > -1){
            dragging = target;
            diffX = event.clientX - target.offsetLeft;
            diffY = event.clientY - target.offsetTop;
          }
          break;
        case "mousemove":
          if(dragging != null){
            dragging.style.left = (event.clientX-fiffX) + "px";
            dragging.style.top = (event.clientY - fiffY) + "px";
          }
          break;
        case "mouseup":
          dragging = null;
          break;
      }
    }
    return{
      enable:function(){
        EventUtil.addHandler(document,"mousedown",handleEvent);
        EventUtil.addHandler(document,"mousemove",handleEvent);
        EventUtil.addHandler(document,"mouseup",handleEvent);
      },
      disable:function(){
        EventUtil.addHandler(document,"mousedown",handleEvent);
        EventUtil.addHandler(document,"mousemove",handleEvent);
        EventUtil.addHandler(document,"mouseup",handleEvent);
      }
    };
  }();

2,添加自定义事件

  var DragDrop = function(){
    var dragdrop = new EventTarget(), 
    dragging = null,
    diffX = 0;,
    diffY = 0;
    function handleEvent(event){
      event = EventUtil.getEvent(event);
      var target = EventUtil.getTarget(event);
      switch(event.type){
        case "mousedown":
          if(target.className.indexOf("draggable") > -1){
            dragging = target;
            diffX = event.clientX - target.offsetLeft;
            diffY = event.clientY - target.offsetTop;
            //触发dragstart
            dragdrop.fire({type:"dragstart",target:dragging,x:event.clientX,y:event.clientY});
          }
          break;
        case "mousemove":
          if(dragging != null){
            dragging.style.left = (event.clientX-fiffX) + "px";
            dragging.style.top = (event.clientY - fiffY) + "px";
            //触发自定义事件
            dragdrop.fire({type:"drag",target:dragging,x:event.clientX,y:clientY});
          }
          break;
        case "mouseup":
          //触发fragend事件
          dragdrop.fire({type:"dragend",target:dragging,x:event.clientX,y:event.clientY});
          dragging = null;
          break;
        }
    }

    dragdrop.enable=function(){
      EventUtil.addHandler(document,"mousedown",handleEvent);
      EventUtil.addHandler(document,"mousemove",handleEvent);
      EventUtil.addHandler(document,"mouseup",handleEvent);
    };
    dragdrop.disable=function(){
      EventUtil.addHandler(document,"mousedown",handleEvent);
      EventUtil.addHandler(document,"mousemove",handleEvent);
      EventUtil.addHandler(document,"mouseup",handleEvent);
    };
    return dragdrop;
  }();
  DragDrop.addHandler("dragstart",function(event){
    var status = document.getElementById("status");
    status,innerHTML = "Started dragging " + event.target.id;
  });
  DragDrop.addHandler("drag",function(event){
    var status = document.getElementById("status");
    status.innerHTML += "<br/>Dragged " + event.target.id + " to("+event.x+","+event.y+")";
  });
  DragDrop.addhandler("dragend",function(event){
    var status = document.getElementById("status");
    status.innerHTML += "<br/> Dropped" + event.target.id + "at ("+event.x+","+event.y+")";
  });

posted on 2014-04-12 17:09  哈哈李小博  阅读(106)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报