使用fail2ban过滤ssh爆破

前言

暴露公网ip端口能显著提高访问效率，代价是容易被端口扫描无差别攻击。
虽说关闭了password actuation查看认证日志/var/log/auth.log还是挺闹心的……

Aug 21 23:52:01 localhost sshd[3282]: Invalid user xiao from 159.89.178.62 port 38156
Aug 21 23:52:01 localhost sshd[3282]: input_userauth_request: invalid user xiao [preauth]
Aug 21 23:52:01 localhost sshd[3276]: Received disconnect from 159.89.178.62 port 38048:11: Normal Shutdown, Thank you for playing [preauth]
Aug 21 23:52:01 localhost sshd[3276]: Disconnected from 159.89.178.62 port 38048 [preauth]
Aug 21 23:52:01 localhost sshd[3278]: Received disconnect from 159.89.178.62 port 38066:11: Normal Shutdown, Thank you for playing [preauth]
Aug 21 23:52:01 localhost sshd[3278]: Disconnected from 159.89.178.62 port 38066 [preauth]
Aug 21 23:52:01 localhost sshd[3242]: Received disconnect from 159.89.178.62 port 37454:11: Normal Shutdown, Thank you for playing [preauth]
Aug 21 23:52:01 localhost sshd[3242]: Disconnected from 159.89.178.62 port 37454 [preauth]
Aug 21 23:52:01 localhost sshd[3281]: Received disconnect from 159.89.178.62 port 38138:11: Normal Shutdown, Thank you for playing [preauth]
Aug 21 23:52:01 localhost sshd[3281]: Disconnected from 159.89.178.62 port 38138 [preauth]
Aug 21 23:52:01 localhost sshd[3248]: Received disconnect from 159.89.178.62 port 37292:11: Normal Shutdown, Thank you for playing [preauth]
Aug 21 23:52:01 localhost sshd[3248]: Disconnected from 159.89.178.62 port 37292 [preauth]

为过滤此类端口扫描，安装网上推荐的fail2ban作基本的sshd爆破防御。

原理

fail2ban本质上是一个python脚本，内置了很多攻击防护规则（jail）。
基本原理是定时扫描指定log文件，使用正则表达式获取关注fail信息并提取ip地址。
当某一ip再限定时间段内fail次数达到上限则调用iptables规则对ip进行阻止（ban）。

部署

Ubuntu/Debian系统使用apt进行包管理

sudo apt install fail2ban

调用官方自带的jail规则已默认开启sshd

sudo cp /etc/fail2ban/jail.{conf,local}

修改规则sudo vi /etc/fail2ban/jail.local

# 封禁时间默认为600建议延长，单位sec，我的版本似乎不支持1d这种自然书写
bantime = 43200

# action默认值iptables-multiport会产生iptables错误，表现为加入banlist的ip依然能够访问
banaction = iptables-allports

reload规则生效并查看sshd状态

sudo fail2ban-client reload
sudo fail2ban-client status sshd

正常工况状态如下

Status for the jail: sshd
|- Filter
|  |- Currently failed:	21
|  |- Total failed:	21
|  `- File list:	/var/log/auth.log
`- Actions
   |- Currently banned:	1
   |- Total banned:	1
   `- Banned IP list:	159.89.178.62

后记

对于此类攻击，还可以采用port knocking方法，需要连接时按顺序“敲门”开启ssh端口，用后以特定顺序“关门”，进一步提高安全性。

参考

Fail2ban Configuration for Secure Servers: One Step at a Time
linux - fail2ban keeps saying already banned but it didn't actually ban - Unix & Linux Stack Exchange