C#12：内联数组

　　之前，想把一个对象当集合使用，需要给这个类型构建索引器，为了foreach，还需要实现IEnumerable。

public struct Season : IEnumerable
{
    readonly string[] _arr;
    public Season()
    {
        _arr = new string[4];
    }
    public string this[int index]
    {
        get => _arr[index];
        set => _arr[index] = value;
    }
    public IEnumerator GetEnumerator()
    {
        for (var i = 0; i < _arr.Length; i++)
        {
            yield return _arr[i];
        }
    }
}

　　使用时，初始化，给每个元素赋值即可，然后就可以调用foreach来循环了。

var season = new Season();
season[0] = "春";
season[1] = "夏";
season[2] = "秋";
season[3] = "冬";
foreach (var s in season)
{
    Console.WriteLine(s);
}

　　C#12引入了内联数组，让使用更简单，使用前，需要using ystem.Runtime.CompilerServices命名空间，然后内联数组定义如下：

[InlineArray(4)]
public struct Season
{
    private string _name;
}

　　使用方式无变化，并且内联数组性能更好，原因具体参照官方说明。

var season = new Season();
season[0] = "春";
season[1] = "夏";
season[2] = "秋";
season[3] = "冬";
foreach (var s in season)
{
    Console.WriteLine(s);
}

　　下面用BenchmarkDotNet来做个性能对比吧，完整代码如下：

using BenchmarkDotNet.Attributes;
using BenchmarkDotNet.Running;
using System.Collections;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;

BenchmarkRunner.Run<Demo1>();

public class Demo1
{
    Season0 season0;
    Season1 season1;
    [GlobalSetup]
    public void Setup()
    {
        season0 = new Season0();
        season0[0] = "春";
        season0[1] = "夏";
        season0[2] = "秋";
        season0[3] = "冬";

        season1 = new Season1();
        season1[0] = "春";
        season1[1] = "夏";
        season1[2] = "秋";
        season1[3] = "冬";
    }


    [Benchmark()]
    public void P0()
    {
        foreach (var s in season0)
        {
            var s0 = s;
            //Console.WriteLine(s);
        }
    }

    [Benchmark]
    public void P1()
    {
        foreach (var s in season1)
        {
            var s0 = s;
            //Console.WriteLine(s);
        }
    }
}

[InlineArray(4)]
public struct Season0
{
    private string _name;
}

public struct Season1 : IEnumerable
{
    readonly string[] _arr;
    public Season1()
    {
        _arr = new string[4];
    }
    public string this[int index]
    {
        get => _arr[index];
        set => _arr[index] = value;
    }
    public IEnumerator GetEnumerator()
    {
        for (var i = 0; i < _arr.Length; i++)
        {
            yield return _arr[i];
        }
    }
}