学习802.3协议及其标准

一、定义

首先百度802.3的定义：

IEEE 802.3 通常指以太网。一种网络协议。描述物理层和数据链路层的MAC子层的实现方法，在多种物理媒体上以多种速率采用CSMA/CD访问方式，对于快速以太网该标准说明的实现方法有所扩展。

https://baike.baidu.com/item/IEEE%20802.3/3684685?fromtitle=IEEE802.3%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86&fromid=6813217

IEEE 802.3简介

IEEE 802.3 is a working group and a collection of IEEE standards produced by the working group defining the physical layer and data link layer's media access control (MAC) of wired Ethernet. This is generally a local area network technology with some wide area network applications. Physical connections are made between nodes and/or infrastructure devices (hubs, switches, routers) by various types of copper or fiber cable. 802.3 is a technology that supports the IEEE 802.1 network architecture. 802.3 also defines LAN access method using CSMA/CD.

IEEE 802.3是一个工作组，也表示此工作组制定的一系列IEEE标准，这些标准都是物理层和数据链路层的有线以太网标准（802.11是WiFi）。一般情况下，以太网就是一个局域网络，带有广域网的一些功能应用。物理连接存在与节点之前，或者节点与网络设备之间，比如hub, switch, router. 连接形式多种多样，有各种的铜线和光纤。802.3技术支持802.1网络，同时802.3也定义了局域网的连接机制是CSMA/CD.

二、相关的标准协议

以太网标准

1	Experimental Ethernet	1973	2.94 Mbit/s (367 kB/s) over coaxial cable (coax) bus，这是最早的实验以太网。
2	Ethernet II (DIX v2.0)	1982	10 Mbit/s (1.25 MB/s) over thick coax. Frames have a Type field. This frame format is used on all forms of Ethernet by protocols in the Internet protocol suite。这个时候EthernetII报文格式基本确定。DIX Ethernet, named after DEC, Intel and Xerox。
3	IEEE 802.3 standard	1983	10BASE5 10 Mbit/s (1.25 MB/s) over thick coax. Same as Ethernet II (above) except Type field is replaced by Length, and an 802.2 LLC header follows the 802.3 header. Based on the CSMA/CD Process。开始制定802.3系列标准。802.3，后面不带任何数字的，就是第一个标准。传输距离500m。
4	802.3a	1985	10BASE2 10 Mbit/s (1.25 MB/s) over thin Coax (a.k.a. thinnet or cheapernet)。传输距离185米。
5	802.3b	1985	10BROAD36.10 Mbit/s Ethernet signals over standard 75 ohm cable television (CATV) cable over a 3600 meter range。已经废弃的标准。
6	802.3c	1985	10 Mbit/s (1.25 MB/s) repeater spec。HUB的时代。
7	802.3d	1987	Fiber-optic inter-repeater link (FOIRL) is a specification of Ethernet over optical fibre. It was replaced by 10BASE-FL.
8	802.3e	1987	1BASE5 or StarLAN。StarLAN was the first implementation of 1 megabit per second (1Mbit/s) Ethernet over twisted pair wiring. It was standardized by the standards association of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) as 802.3e in 1987, as the 1BASE5 version of Ethernet. 这个时候开始使用双绞线传输以太网信号。
9	802.3i	1990	10BASE-T 10 Mbit/s (1.25 MB/s) over twisted pair.传输距离100米。
10	802.3j	1993	10BASE-F 10 Mbit/s (1.25 MB/s) over Fiber-Optic.
11	802.3u	1995	100BASE-TX, 100BASE-T4, 100BASE-FX Fast Ethernet at 100 Mbit/s (12.5 MB/s) w/o autonegotiation。进入快速以太网时代。 100base-T4 (twisted pair [4 pair]) 100base-TX (twisted pair [2 pair]) 100base-FX (fiber, 400m, MMF光纤)
12	802.3x	1997	Full Duplex and flow control; also incorporates DIX framing, so there's no longer a DIX/802.3 split。
13	802.3y	1998	100BASE-T2 100 Mbit/s (12.5 MB/s) over low quality twisted pair
14	802.3z	1998	1000BASE-X Gbit/s Ethernet over Fiber-Optic at 1 Gbit/s (125 MB/s)。那个时候用的光口应该是GBIC。
15	802.3-1998	1998	A revision of base standard incorporating the above amendments and errata。1998年应该算是一个以太网发展的里程碑吧。
16	802.3ab	1999	1000BASE-T Gbit/s Ethernet over twisted pair at 1 Gbit/s (125 MB/s)。GE是先有光口的标准，后有电口的标准。传输距离还是100米。
17	802.3ac	1998	Max frame size extended to 1522 bytes (to allow "Q-tag") The Q-tag includes 802.1Q VLAN information and 802.1p priority information.VLAN出现。
18	802.3ad	2000	Link aggregation for parallel links, later moved to IEEE 802.1AX。链路聚合。Link aggregation addresses two problems with Ethernet connections: bandwidth limitations and lack of resilience.
19	802.3-2002	2002	A revision of base standard incorporating the three prior amendments and errata。
20	802.3ae	2002	10 Gigabit Ethernet over fiber; 10GBASE-SR, 10GBASE-LR, 10GBASE-ER, 10GBASE-SW, 10GBASE-LW, 10GBASE-EW。 SR：Short Range; LR：Long Range; ER：Extended Range; 他们的传输线路速率都是是10.3124Gbps，编码使用了64B/66B方式。 SW，LW，RW，中的W表示WAN，广域网；这3中规格的速率是9.95328Gbps，同样编码使用了64B/66B方式，之所以速率低，是为了提高与面向WAN被广泛利用的光缆通信规格的SONET/SDH的亲和性，迎合了SONET的OC-192的传输速度。 以太网从局域网开始发展，到ae标准，已经开始跟广域网进行融合，电信的网络和企业的网络开始融合。
21	802.3af	2003	Power over Ethernet，or PoE (15.4 W)
22	802.3ah	2004	Ethernet in the First Mile(EFM)。EPON uses a passive optical network.
23	802.3ak	2004	10GBASE-CX4 10 Gbit/s (1,250 MB/s) Ethernet over twinaxial cables
24	802.3-2005	2005	A revision of base standard incorporating the four prior amendments and errata.
25	802.3an	2006	10GBASE-T 10 Gbit/s (1,250 MB/s) Ethernet over unshielded twisted pair (UTP)
26	802.3ap	2007	Backplane Ethernet (1 and 10 Gbit/s (125 and 1,250 MB/s) over PCB--printed circuit boards)。
27	802.3aq	2006	10GBASE-LRM 10 Gbit/s (1,250 MB/s) Ethernet over multimode fiber
28	802.3as	2006	Frame expansion
29	802.3at	2009	Power over Ethernet enhancements (25.5 W)
30	802.3av	2009	10 Gbit/s EPON
31	802.3au	2006	Isolation requirements for Power over Ethernet (802.3-2005/Cor 1)
32	802.3aw	2007	Fixed an equation in the publication of 10GBASE-T (released as 802.3-2005/Cor 2)
33	802.3-2008	2008	A revision of base standard incorporating the 802.3an/ap/aq/as amendments, two corrigenda and errata. Link aggregation was moved to 802.1AX.
34	802.3az	2010	Energy Efficient Ethernet
35	802.3ba	2010	100 Gigabit Ethernet (100GbE) and 40 Gigabit Ethernet (40GbE) are groups of computer networking technologies for transmitting Ethernet frames at rates of 100 and 40 gigabits per second (100 and 40 Gbit/s), respectively. The technology was first defined by the IEEE 802.3ba-2010 standard. Another variant, 802.3bg, was added in March 2011 to the set of standards. The task force 802.3bj is working on a four lane backplane and a copper 100 Gbit/s standard. The 802.3bm task force is working on a standard for lower cost 100 Gbit/s optical physical interfaces.
36	802.3bb	2009	Increase Pause Reaction Delay timings which are insufficient for 10 Gbit/s
37	802.3bc	2009	Move and update Ethernet related TLVs (type, length, values), previously specified in Annex F of IEEE 802.1AB (LLDP) to 802.3
38	802.3bd	2010	Priority-based Flow Control. An amendment by the IEEE 802.1 Data Center Bridging Task Group (802.1Qbb) to develop an amendment to IEEE Std 802.3 to add a MAC Control Frame to support IEEE 802.1Qbb Priority-based Flow Control.
39	802.3.1	2011	MIB definitions for Ethernet. It consolidates the Ethernet related MIBs present in Annex 30A&B, various IETF RFCs, and 802.1AB annex F into one master document with a machine readable extract. (workgroup name was P802.3be)
40	802.3bf	2011	Provide an accurate indication of the transmission and reception initiation times of certain packets as required to support IEEE P802.1AS.
41	802.3bg	2011	Provide a 40 Gbit/s PMD which is optically compatible with existing carrier SMF 40 Gbit/s client interfaces (OTU3/STM-256/OC-768/40G POS).
42	802.3-2012	2012	A revision of base standard incorporating the 802.3at/av/az/ba/bc/bd/bf/bg amendments, a corrigenda and errata.
43	802.3bj	2014	Define a 4-lane 100 Gbit/s backplane PHY for operation over links consistent with copper traces on “improved FR-4” (as defined by IEEE P802.3ap or better materials to be defined by the Task Force) with lengths up to at least 1m and a 4-lane 100 Gbit/s PHY for operation over links consistent with copper twinaxial cables with lengths up to at least 5m.
44	802.3bk	2013	This amendment to IEEE Std 802.3 defines the physical layer specifications and management parameters for EPON operation on point-to-multipoint passive optical networks supporting extended power budget classes of PX30, PX40, PRX40, and PR40 PMDs.
45	802.3bm	2015	100G/40G Ethernet for optical fiber
46	802.3bp	2015	1000BASE-T1 - Gigabit Ethernet over a single twisted pair, automotive & industrial environments。802.3bp简介
47	802.3bq		40GBASE-T for 4-pair balanced twisted-pair cabling with 2 connectors over 30 m distances
48	802.3bs		400 Gbit/s Ethernet over optical fiber using multiple 25G/50G lanes
49	802.3bt		Power over Ethernet enhancements up to 100W using all 4-pairs balanced twisted-pair cabling, lower standby power and specific enhancements to support IoT applications (e.g. Lighting, sensors, building automation).
50	802.3bw		100BASE-T1 - 100 Mbit/s Ethernet over a single twisted pair for automotive applications
51	802.3-2015	2015	802.3bx - a new consolidated revision of the 802.3 standard including amendments 802.2bk/bj/bm
52	802.3by		25G Ethernet. 25 Gigabit Ethernet (25GbE) and 50 Gigabit Ethernet (50GbE) are proposed standards for Ethernet connectivity in a datacenter environment. An industry consortium has been formed to promote the technology and IEEE 802 workgroup has formed to develop the standard. The draft uses technology defined for 100 Gigabit Ethernet implemented as four 25-Gbit/s lanes (IEEE 802.3bj). IEEE 802.3 has formed an 802.3by task force with the objectives to define: a single-lane 25 Gbit/s 25GBASE-KR PHY for printed circuit backplanes; a single-lane 25 Gbit/s 25GBASE-CR PHY for 5 m twin-ax cables; a single-lane 25 Gbit/s PHY for multi-mode optical fiber.