[Spring] spring-session + JedisPool 实现 session 共享
1、至少导入四个jar包:
jedis spring-session
spring-data-redis
commons-pool2
2、bean配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd"> <!-- 对象池配置 --> <bean id="jedisPoolConfig" class="redis.clients.jedis.JedisPoolConfig"> <property name="maxTotal" value="${redis.pool.maxTotal}"/> <!-- 控制一个pool可分配多少个jedis实例 --> <property name="maxIdle" value="${redis.pool.maxIdle}" /> <!-- 控制一个pool最多有多少个状态为idle(空闲)的jedis实例 --> <property name="minIdle" value="${redis.pool.minIdle}"/> <property name="maxWaitMillis" value="${redis.pool.maxWaitMillis}" /> <!-- 表示当borrow一个jedis实例时,最大的等待时间,如果超过等待时间,则直接抛出JedisConnectionException --> <property name="testOnBorrow" value="${redis.pool.testOnBorrow}" /> <!-- 在borrow一个jedis实例时,是否提前进行validate操作;如果为true,则得到的jedis实例均是可用的 --> <property name="testOnReturn" value="${redis.pool.testOnReturn}"/> <property name="testWhileIdle" value="${redis.pool.testWhileIdle}"/> </bean> <!-- 工厂实现 --> <bean id="jedisConnectionFactory" class="org.springframework.data.redis.connection.jedis.JedisConnectionFactory" destroy-method="destroy"> <property name="hostName" value="${redis.ip}" /> <property name="port" value="${redis.port}" /> <property name="timeout" value="${redis.timeout}" /> <property name="database" value="${redis.database}" /> <property name="usePool" value="${redis.usePool}" /> <property name="poolConfig" ref="jedisPoolConfig" /> </bean>
<!-- 模板类 --> <bean id="redisTemplate" class="org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate"> <property name="connectionFactory" ref="jedisConnectionFactory"/> </bean>
<!-- 使用spring-session把http session放到redis里 --> <bean id="redisHttpSessionConfiguration" class="org.springframework.session.data.redis.config.annotation.web.http.RedisHttpSessionConfiguration"> <property name="maxInactiveIntervalInSeconds" value="${session.maxInactiveIntervalInSeconds}" /> </bean> </beans>
3、web.xml中配置过滤器
<!-- 过滤器 --> <filter> <filter-name>springSessionRepositoryFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>springSessionRepositoryFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>
拓展:
【SpringSession官网教程】http://docs.spring.io/spring-session/docs/current/reference/html5/
【利用springsession解决共享Session问题】http://www.sjsjw.com/104/002313MYM000506/
【使用Spring Session做分布式会话管理】 http://dorole.com/1422/
【分布式架构下的会话追踪实践【基于Cookie和Redis实现】】http://doc.okbase.net/Hello_Nick_Xu/archive/92878.html
1、为什么需要spring-session?它主要解决了哪方面的问题?
在单台Tomcat应用中,通常使用session保存用户的会话数据。
面对高并发的场景,一台Tomcat难当大任,通常我们会使用Nginx在前端拦截用户请求,转发给后端的Tomcat服务器群组。在集群环境下,怎么才能做到session数据在多台Tomcat之间的共享呢?
当然我们可以在多台Tomcat之间进行session数据的相互复制。这样做的代价是巨大的,尤其是后端Tomcat服务器比较多的情况下(几十台、甚至上百台Tomcat),session数据在Tomcat之间的相互复制,将消耗大量的系统开销、甚至引发网络广播风暴,影响服务器的正常运行。
这时候可以考虑将session数据进行集中存储,比较常见的是使用Memcached来存放会话数据。
但是使用Memcached有着诸多限制,比如:对存放对象大小的限制、无法进行数据的持久化等。一般使用Redis来充当Memcached的角色,同时使用Spring Data Redis来完成对Redis的操作。
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HttpSession是通过Servlet容器创建和管理的,像Tomcat/Jetty都是保存在内存中的。而如果我们把web服务器搭建成分布式的集群,然后利用LVS或Nginx做负载均衡,那么来自同一用户的Http请求将有可能被分发到两个不同的web站点中去。
那么问题就来了,这样可能导致在某次访问时获取不到session,如何保证不同的web站点能够共享同一份session数据呢?
最简单的想法就是把session数据保存到内存以外的一个统一的地方,例如Memcached/Redis等数据库中。那么问题又来了,如何替换掉Servlet容器创建和管理HttpSession的实现呢?
(1)设计一个Filter,利用HttpServletRequestWrapper,实现自己的 getSession()方法,接管创建和管理Session数据的工作。spring-session就是通过这样的思路实现的。
这里也有一个【session保存到redis简单实现】例子,就是仿造这种思路实现的。
http://blog.csdn.net/ppt0501/article/details/46700221 (2)利用Servlet容器提供的插件功能,自定义HttpSession的创建和管理策略,并通过配置的方式替换掉默认的策略。不过这种方式有个缺点,就是需要耦合Tomcat/Jetty等Servlet容器的代码。这方面其实早就有开源项目了,例如memcached-session-manager,以及tomcat-redis-session-manager。暂时都只支持Tomcat6/Tomcat7。
2、什么是spring-session?
Spring Session是Spring的项目之一,GitHub地址:https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-session。
Spring Session提供了一套创建和管理Servlet HttpSession的方案。Spring Session提供了集群Session(Clustered Sessions)功能,默认采用外置的Redis来存储Session数据,以此来解决Session共享的问题。
下面是来自官网的特性介绍:
Spring Session provides the following features:
API and implementations for managing a user's session HttpSession - allows replacing the HttpSession in an application container (i.e. Tomcat) neutral way Clustered Sessions - Spring Session makes it trivial to support clustered sessions without being tied to an application container specific solution. Multiple Browser Sessions - Spring Session supports managing multiple users' sessions in a single browser instance (i.e. multiple authenticated accounts similar to Google). RESTful APIs - Spring Session allows providing session ids in headers to work with RESTful APIs WebSocket - provides the ability to keep the HttpSession alive when receiving WebSocket messages
3、集成SpringSession的4个正确姿势
(1)导入相关jar/配置相关依赖
(2)编写一个配置类,用来启用RedisHttpSession功能,并向Spring容器中注册一个RedisConnectionFactory。/或者通过xml配置
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory; import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.jedis.JedisConnectionFactory; import org.springframework.session.data.redis.config.annotation.web.http.EnableRedisHttpSession; @EnableRedisHttpSession(maxInactiveIntervalInSeconds = 7200) public class RedisHttpSessionConfig { @Bean public RedisConnectionFactory connectionFactory() { JedisConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new JedisConnectionFactory(); connectionFactory.setPort(6379); connectionFactory.setHostName("10.18.15.190"); return connectionFactory; } }
(3)将RedisHttpSessionConfig加入到WebInitializer#getRootConfigClasses()中,让Spring容器加载RedisHttpSessionConfig类。WebInitializer是一个自定义的AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer实现类,该类会在Servlet启动时加载(当然也可以采用别的加载方法,比如采用扫描@Configuration注解类的方式等等)。 / 或者通过xml配置
//该类采用Java Configuration,来代替web.xml public class WebInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer { @Override protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() { return new Class[]{Config1.class, Config2.class, RedisHttpSessionConfig.class}; } //...... }
(4)第四步,编写一个一个AbstractHttpSessionApplicationInitializer实现类,用于向Servlet容器中添加springSessionRepositoryFilter。 / 或者通过xml配置
import org.springframework.session.web.context.AbstractHttpSessionApplicationInitializer; public class SpringSessionInitializer extends AbstractHttpSessionApplicationInitializer { }
4、SpringSession原理
(1)前面集成spring-sesion的第二步中,编写了一个配置类RedisHttpSessionConfig,它包含注解@EnableRedisHttpSession,并通过@Bean注解注册了一个RedisConnectionFactory到Spring容器中。
而@EnableRedisHttpSession注解通过Import,引入了RedisHttpSessionConfiguration配置类。该配置类通过@Bean注解,向Spring容器中注册了一个SessionRepositoryFilter。
(SessionRepositoryFilter的依赖关系:SessionRepositoryFilter --> SessionRepository --> RedisTemplate --> RedisConnectionFactory)
package org.springframework.session.data.redis.config.annotation.web.http; @Configuration @EnableScheduling public class RedisHttpSessionConfiguration implements ImportAware, BeanClassLoaderAware { //...... @Bean public RedisTemplate<String,ExpiringSession> sessionRedisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory connectionFactory) { //...... return template; } @Bean public RedisOperationsSessionRepository sessionRepository(RedisTemplate<String, ExpiringSession> sessionRedisTemplate) { //...... return sessionRepository; } @Bean public <S extends ExpiringSession> SessionRepositoryFilter<? extends ExpiringSession> springSessionRepositoryFilter(SessionRepository<S> sessionRepository, ServletContext servletContext) { //...... return sessionRepositoryFilter; } //...... }
(2)集成spring-sesion的第四步中,我们编写了一个SpringSessionInitializer 类,它继承自AbstractHttpSessionApplicationInitializer。该类不需要重载或实现任何方法,它的作用是在Servlet容器初始化时,从Spring容器中获取一个默认名叫sessionRepositoryFilter的过滤器类(之前没有注册的话这里找不到会报错),并添加到Servlet过滤器链中。
package org.springframework.session.web.context; /** * Registers the {@link DelegatingFilterProxy} to use the * springSessionRepositoryFilter before any other registered {@link Filter}. * * ...... */ @Order(100) public abstract class AbstractHttpSessionApplicationInitializer implements WebApplicationInitializer { private static final String SERVLET_CONTEXT_PREFIX = "org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.CONTEXT."; public static final String DEFAULT_FILTER_NAME = "springSessionRepositoryFilter"; //...... public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException { beforeSessionRepositoryFilter(servletContext); if(configurationClasses != null) { AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext rootAppContext = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext(); rootAppContext.register(configurationClasses); servletContext.addListener(new ContextLoaderListener(rootAppContext)); } insertSessionRepositoryFilter(servletContext);//注册一个SessionRepositoryFilter afterSessionRepositoryFilter(servletContext); } /** * Registers the springSessionRepositoryFilter * @param servletContext the {@link ServletContext} */ private void insertSessionRepositoryFilter(ServletContext servletContext) { String filterName = DEFAULT_FILTER_NAME;//默认名字是springSessionRepositoryFilter DelegatingFilterProxy springSessionRepositoryFilter = new DelegatingFilterProxy(filterName);//该Filter代理会在初始化时从Spring容器中查找springSessionRepositoryFilter,之后实际会使用SessionRepositoryFilter进行doFilter操作 String contextAttribute = getWebApplicationContextAttribute(); if(contextAttribute != null) { springSessionRepositoryFilter.setContextAttribute(contextAttribute); } registerFilter(servletContext, true, filterName, springSessionRepositoryFilter); } //...... }
SessionRepositoryFilter是一个优先级最高的javax.servlet.Filter,它使用了一个SessionRepositoryRequestWrapper类接管了Http Session的创建和管理工作。
注意下面给出的是简化过的示例代码,与spring-session项目的源代码有所差异。
@Order(SessionRepositoryFilter.DEFAULT_ORDER) public class SessionRepositoryFilter implements Filter { public doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) { HttpServletRequest httpRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request; SessionRepositoryRequestWrapper customRequest = new SessionRepositoryRequestWrapper(httpRequest); chain.doFilter(customRequest, response, chain); } // ... } public class SessionRepositoryRequestWrapper extends HttpServletRequestWrapper { public SessionRepositoryRequestWrapper(HttpServletRequest original) { super(original); } public HttpSession getSession() { return getSession(true); } public HttpSession getSession(boolean createNew) { // create an HttpSession implementation from Spring Session } // ... other methods delegate to the original HttpServletRequest ... }
(3)剩下的问题就是,如何在Servlet容器启动时,加载下面两个类。幸运的是,这两个类由于都实现了WebApplicationInitializer接口,会被自动加载。
WebInitializer,负责加载配置类。它继承自AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer,实现了WebApplicationInitializer接口
SpringSessionInitializer,负责添加sessionRepositoryFilter的过滤器类。它继承自AbstractHttpSessionApplicationInitializer,实现了WebApplicationInitializer接口
在Servlet3.0规范中,Servlet容器启动时会自动扫描javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer的实现类,在实现类中我们可以定制需要加载的类。
在spring-web项目中,有一个ServletContainerInitializer实现类SpringServletContainerInitializer,它通过注解@HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class),让Servlet容器在启动该类时,
会自动寻找所有的WebApplicationInitializer实现类。
package org.springframework.web; @HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class) public class SpringServletContainerInitializer implements ServletContainerInitializer { /** * Delegate the {@code ServletContext} to any {@link WebApplicationInitializer} * implementations present on the application classpath. * * <p>Because this class declares @{@code HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class)}, * Servlet 3.0+ containers will automatically scan the classpath for implementations * of Spring's {@code WebApplicationInitializer} interface and provide the set of all * such types to the {@code webAppInitializerClasses} parameter of this method. * * <p>If no {@code WebApplicationInitializer} implementations are found on the * classpath, this method is effectively a no-op. An INFO-level log message will be * issued notifying the user that the {@code ServletContainerInitializer} has indeed * been invoked but that no {@code WebApplicationInitializer} implementations were * found. * * <p>Assuming that one or more {@code WebApplicationInitializer} types are detected, * they will be instantiated (and <em>sorted</em> if the @{@link * org.springframework.core.annotation.Order @Order} annotation is present or * the {@link org.springframework.core.Ordered Ordered} interface has been * implemented). Then the {@link WebApplicationInitializer#onStartup(ServletContext)} * method will be invoked on each instance, delegating the {@code ServletContext} such * that each instance may register and configure servlets such as Spring's * {@code DispatcherServlet}, listeners such as Spring's {@code ContextLoaderListener}, * or any other Servlet API componentry such as filters. * * @param webAppInitializerClasses all implementations of * {@link WebApplicationInitializer} found on the application classpath * @param servletContext the servlet context to be initialized * @see WebApplicationInitializer#onStartup(ServletContext) * @see AnnotationAwareOrderComparator */ @Override public void onStartup(Set<Class<?>> webAppInitializerClasses, ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException { //...... } }
5、如何在 redis 中查看 Session 数据?
(1)Http Session数据在Redis中是以Hash结构存储的。
(2)可以看到,还有一个key="spring:session:expirations:1431577740000"的数据,是以Set结构保存的。这个值记录了所有session数据应该被删除的时间(即最新的一个session数据过期的时间)。
127.0.0.1:6379> keys * 1) "spring:session:expirations:1431577740000" 2) "spring:session:sessions:e2cef3ae-c8ea-4346-ba6b-9b3b26eee578"
127.0.0.1:6379> type spring:session:sessions:e2cef3ae-c8ea-4346-ba6b-9b3b26eee578 hash
127.0.0.1:6379> type spring:session:expirations:1431577740000 set 127.0.0.1:6379> hkeys spring:session:sessions:59f3987c-d1e4-44b3-a83a-32079942888b 1) "maxInactiveInterval" 2) "creationTime" 3) "lastAccessedTime" 4) "sessionAttr:attr1" 127.0.0.1:6379> hget spring:session:sessions:59f3987c-d1e4-44b3-a83a-32079942888b sessionAttr:attr1 "\xac\xed\x00\x05sr\x00\x11java.lang.Integer\x12\xe2\xa0\xa4\xf7\x81\x878\x02\x00\x01I\x00\x05valuexr\x00\x10java.lang.Number\x86\xac\x95\x1d\x0b\x94\xe0\x8b\x02\x00\x00xp\x00\x00\x00\x03" 127.0.0.1:6379> hget spring:session:sessions:59f3987c-d1e4-44b3-a83a-32079942888b creationTime "\xac\xed\x00\x05sr\x00\x0ejava.lang.Long;\x8b\xe4\x90\xcc\x8f#\xdf\x02\x00\x01J\x00\x05valuexr\x00\x10java.lang.Number\x86\xac\x95\x1d\x0b\x94\xe0\x8b\x02\x00\x00xp\x00\x00\x01MM\x94(\xec"