(转)Docker - 使用 compose 编排服务

在园子里看到了这篇关于 compose 的文章,非常好!!转过来,先附上原文地址

http://www.cnblogs.com/52fhy/p/5991344.html

 

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入门示例

一般步骤

1、定义Dockerfile,方便迁移到任何地方;
2、编写docker-compose.yml文件;
3、运行docker-compose up启动服务

示例

准备工作:提前下载好镜像:

docker pull mysql
docker pull wordpress

需要新建一个空白目录,例如wptest。新建一个docker-compose.yml


version: '2'
services:
    web: 
      image: wordpress:latest 
      links: 
        - db
      ports: 
        - "8002:80"
      environment:
        WORDPRESS_DB_HOST: db:3306
        WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD: 123456
    db: 
      image: mysql 
      environment: 
        - MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456

 

 

以上命令的意思是新建db和wordpress容器。等同于:

$ docker run --name db -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql
$ docker run --name some-wordpress --link db:mysql -p 8002:80 -d wordpress

注意,如果你是直接从fig迁移过来的,且weblinks- db:mysql,这里会提示没有给wordpress设置环境变量,这里需要添加环境变量WORDPRESS_DB_HOSTWORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD

好,我们启动应用:

 

# docker-compose up
Creating wptest_db_1...
Creating wptest_wordpress_1...
Attaching to wptest_db_1, wptest_wordpress_1
wordpress_1 | Complete! WordPress has been successfully copied to /var/www/html

 

 

 

就成功了。浏览器访问 http://localhost:8002(或 http://host-ip:8002)即可

默认是前台运行并打印日志到控制台。如果想后台运行,可以:

docker-compose up -d

服务后台后,可以使用下列命令查看状态:


# docker-compose ps
       Name                      Command               State          Ports         
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
figtest_db_1          docker-entrypoint.sh mysqld      Up      3306/tcp             
figtest_wordpress_1   docker-entrypoint.sh apach ...   Up      0.0.0.0:8002->80/tcp 

# docker-compose logs
Attaching to wptest_wordpress_1, wptest_db_1
db_1        | 2016-10-4T14:38:46.98030Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
db_1        | 2016-10-4T14:38:46.99974Z 0 [Note] mysqld (mysqld 5.7.15) starting as process 1 ...
db_1        | 2016-10-4T14:38:46.27191Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: PUNCH HOLE support available

 


停止服务:

 

# docker-compose stop
Stopping wptest_wordpress_1...
Stopping wptest_db_1...

 

 

 

重新启动服务:

docker-compose restart

docker-compose.yml参考

每个docker-compose.yml必须定义image或者build中的一个,其它的是可选的。

image

指定镜像tag或者ID。示例:

image: redis
image: ubuntu:14.04
image: tutum/influxdb
image: example-registry.com:4000/postgresql
image: a4bc65fd

注意,在version 1里同时使用imagebuild是不允许的,version 2则可以,如果同时指定了两者,会将build出来的镜像打上名为image标签。

build

用来指定一个包含Dockerfile文件的路径。一般是当前目录.。Fig将build并生成一个随机命名的镜像。

注意,在version 1bulid仅支持值为字符串。version 2里支持对象格式。

build: ./dir

build:
  context: ./dir
  dockerfile: Dockerfile-alternate
  args:
    buildno: 1

context为路径,dockerfile为需要替换默认docker-compose的文件名,args为构建(build)过程中的环境变量,用于替换Dockerfile里定义的ARG参数,容器中不可用。示例:


Dockerfile:

ARG buildno
ARG password

RUN echo "Build number: $buildno"
RUN script-requiring-password.sh "$password"

docker-compose.yml:

build:
  context: .
  args:
    buildno: 1
    password: secret

build:
  context: .
  args:
    - buildno=1
    - password=secret

command

用来覆盖缺省命令。示例:

command: bundle exec thin -p 3000

command也支持数组形式:

command: [bundle, exec, thin, -p, 3000]

links

用于链接另一容器服务,如需要使用到另一容器的mysql服务。可以给出服务名和别名;也可以仅给出服务名,这样别名将和服务名相同。同docker run --link。示例:

links:
 - db
 - db:mysql
 - redis

使用了别名将自动会在容器的/etc/hosts文件里创建相应记录:

172.17.2.186  db
172.17.2.186  mysql
172.17.2.187  redis

所以我们在容器里就可以直接使用别名作为服务的主机名。

 

ports

用于暴露端口。同docker run -p。示例:

ports:
 - "3000"
 - "8000:8000"
 - "49100:22"
 - "127.0.0.1:8001:8001"

expose

expose提供container之间的端口访问,不会暴露给主机使用。同docker run --expose

expose:
 - "3000"
 - "8000"

volumes

挂载数据卷。同docker run -v。示例:

volumes:
 - /var/lib/mysql
 - cache/:/tmp/cache
 - ~/configs:/etc/configs/:ro

volumes_from

挂载数据卷容器,挂载是容器。同docker run --volumes-from。示例:

volumes_from:
 - service_name
 - service_name:ro
 - container:container_name
 - container:container_name:rw

container:container_name格式仅支持version 2

 

environment

添加环境变量。同docker run -e。可以是数组或者字典格式:

environment:
  RACK_ENV: development
  SESSION_SECRET:

environment:
  - RACK_ENV=development
  - SESSION_SECRET

 

depends_on

用于指定服务依赖,一般是mysql、redis等。
指定了依赖,将会优先于服务创建并启动依赖。

links也可以指定依赖。

 

external_links

链接搭配docker-compose.yml文件或者Compose之外定义的服务,通常是提供共享或公共服务。格式与links相似:

external_links:
 - redis_1
 - project_db_1:mysql
 - project_db_1:postgresql

注意,external_links链接的服务与当前服务必须是同一个网络环境。

 

extra_hosts

添加主机名映射。

extra_hosts:
 - "somehost:162.242.195.82"
 - "otherhost:50.31.209.229"

将会在/etc/hosts创建记录:

162.242.195.82  somehost
50.31.209.229   otherhost

 

extends

继承自当前yml文件或者其它文件中定义的服务,可以选择性的覆盖原有配置。

extends:
  file: common.yml
  service: webapp

service必须有,file可选。service是需要继承的服务,例如webdatabase

 

net

设置网络模式。同docker的--net参数。

net: "bridge"
net: "none"
net: "container:[name or id]"
net: "host"

 

dns

自定义dns服务器。

dns: 8.8.8.8
dns:
  - 8.8.8.8
  - 9.9.9.9

 

cpu_shares, cpu_quota, cpuset, domainname, hostname, ipc, mac_address, mem_limit, memswap_limit, privileged, read_only, restart, shm_size, stdin_open, tty, user, working_dir

这些命令都是单个值,含义请参考docker run

cpu_shares: 73
cpu_quota: 50000
cpuset: 0,1

user: postgresql
working_dir: /code

domainname: foo.com
hostname: foo
ipc: host
mac_address: 02:42:ac:11:65:43

mem_limit: 1000000000
mem_limit: 128M
memswap_limit: 2000000000
privileged: true

restart: always

read_only: true
shm_size: 64M
stdin_open: true
tty: true

 

命令行参考

 

$ docker-compose
Define and run multi-container applications with Docker.

Usage:
  docker-compose [-f <arg>...] [options] [COMMAND] [ARGS...]
  docker-compose -h|--help

Options:
  -f, --file FILE             Specify an alternate compose file (default: docker-compose.yml)
  -p, --project-name NAME     Specify an alternate project name (default: directory name)
  --verbose                   Show more output
  -v, --version               Print version and exit
  -H, --host HOST             Daemon socket to connect to

  --tls                       Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
  --tlscacert CA_PATH         Trust certs signed only by this CA
  --tlscert CLIENT_CERT_PATH  Path to TLS certificate file
  --tlskey TLS_KEY_PATH       Path to TLS key file
  --tlsverify                 Use TLS and verify the remote
  --skip-hostname-check       Don't check the daemon's hostname against the name specified
                              in the client certificate (for example if your docker host
                              is an IP address)

Commands:
  build              Build or rebuild services
  bundle             Generate a Docker bundle from the Compose file
  config             Validate and view the compose file
  create             Create services
  down               Stop and remove containers, networks, images, and volumes
  events             Receive real time events from containers
  exec               Execute a command in a running container
  help               Get help on a command
  kill               Kill containers
  logs               View output from containers
  pause              Pause services
  port               Print the public port for a port binding
  ps                 List containers
  pull               Pulls service images
  push               Push service images
  restart            Restart services
  rm                 Remove stopped containers
  run                Run a one-off command
  scale              Set number of containers for a service
  start              Start services
  stop               Stop services
  unpause            Unpause services
  up                 Create and start containers
  version            Show the Docker-Compose version information

 

 

 

批处理脚本

# 关闭所有正在运行容器
docker ps | awk  '{print $1}' | xargs docker stop

# 删除所有容器应用
docker ps -a | awk  '{print $1}' | xargs docker rm
# 或者
docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)

 

posted @ 2017-01-17 16:38  TonyZhang24  阅读(2357)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报