二.MySQL安装:快速安装
MySQL安装:快速安装
一.快速安装方式
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程序包管理器管理的程序包
-
源代码编译安装
-
二进制格式的程序包：展开至特定路径，并经过简单配置后即可使用
二.RPM包安装MySQL
CentOS 8：安装光盘直接提供
-
mysql-server：8.0
-
mariadb-server : 10.3.17
CentOS 7：安装光盘直接提供
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mariadb-server：5.5 服务器包
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mariadb 客户端工具包
CentOS 6：
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mysql-server：5.1 服务器包
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mysql 客户端工具包
官网获取的RPM安装包安装的yum源需要手动选择安装版本,否则默认安装最新版
范例:CentOS 7 利用yum源安装MySQL5.7
1.初始化yum源
[root@centos7 ~]#tee /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql.repo <<EOF
[mysql]
name=mysql5.7
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mysql/yum/mysql-5.7-community-el7-x86_64/
gpgcheck=0
EOF
2.安装,启动,查看端口是否开启
[root@centos7 ~]#yum -y install mysql-community-server
[root@centos7 ~]#systemctl enable --now mysqld
[root@centos7 ~]#ss -ntl
3.特殊:5.7版本安装好后需要初始化密码,直接登陆会报错
[root@centos7 ~]#mysql
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
3.1修改初始密码方法1
[root@centos7 ~]#grep password /var/log/mysqld.log
2021-01-27T00:45:09.953242Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for
root@localhost: pe%b#S8ah)j-
2021-01-27T00:46:09.491494Z 2 [Note] Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost'
(using password: NO)
[root@centos7 ~]#mysql -uroot -p'pe%b#S8ah)j-'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.33
使用初始密码登录无法执行操作,需要修改密码后才可以
#修改简单密码不符合密码策略
mysql> alter user root@'localhost' identified by '123456';
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy
requirements
修改为复杂密码
mysql> alter user root@'localhost' identified by 'Oo123321?';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
3.2修改初始密码方法2
mysqladmin -uroot -p'pe%b#S8ah)j-' password 'Oo123321?';
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be
insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection
to ensure password safety.
范例: CentOS 7 利用yum源安装Mariadb
官网获取最新支持
1.参考网站信息,配置yum源
#创建yum仓库配置文件
[root@centos7 ~]#vi /etc/yum.repos.d/mariadb.repo
# MariaDB 10.5 CentOS repository list - created 2021-01-27 07:45 UTC
# https://mariadb.org/download/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/mariadb/yum/10.5/centos7-amd64
gpgkey=https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/mariadb/yum/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1
2.安装启用
[root@centos7 ~]#yum install MariaDB-server -y
[root@centos7 ~]#systemctl enable --now mariadb.service
3.直接登陆
[root@centos7 ~]#mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 4
范例: Ubuntu 利用默认仓库安装 MySQL 5.7
安装启用可直接登陆
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#apt install mysql-server
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#systemctl status mysql.service
mysql
三.初始化脚本提高安全性
运行脚本：mysql_secure_installation
设置数据库管理员root口令
禁止root远程登录
删除anonymous用户帐号
删除test数据库
1.范例: 针对MySQL5.6前版本进行安全加固
5.6及以前版本存在匿名账号,非常不安全,需要进行安全加固
[root@centos7 ~]#mysql -uxxx
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
加固
[root@centos7 ~]#file
which mysql_secure_installation/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation: Perl script, ASCII text executable
[root@centos7 ~]#mysql_secure_installation
之后按照提示一步步设置
