一则关于控制文件全部丢失后如何重新编目RMAN元数据的简单实验
2019-05-22 13:43 askscuti 阅读(517) 评论(0) 编辑 收藏 举报主题：一则简单的RMAN元数据编目实验，来自于博客园AskScuti。
场景：RMAN备份完整情况下，未使用Catalog目录库。删除了所有的控制文件，在手工重建后，导致记录在控制文件中的RMAN备份元数据丢失。
目录
1. RMAN备份
2. 删除所有控制文件
3. 重建控制文件
4. 重新编目元数据
5. 验证可用性
1. RMAN备份
更改RMAN控制文件自动全备选项（建议开启）
RMAN> show all; using target database control file instead of recovery catalog RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name PROD1 are: CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF; # default CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/snapcf_PROD1.f'; # default RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON; new RMAN configuration parameters: CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON; new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
RMAN进行全备
RMAN> backup database format '/u01/app/oracle/backup/%U_%s_%d.full.bak'; Starting backup at 2019-05-22 12:34:33 allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=44 device type=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/system01.dbf input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/sysaux01.dbf input datafile file number=00010 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/aaa02.dbf input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/example01.dbf input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/undotbs01.dbf input datafile file number=00008 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/tbs_c01.dbf input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/users01.dbf input datafile file number=00009 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/aaa01.dbf input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/abc01.dbf input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/abcd01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2019-05-22 12:34:34 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2019-05-22 12:35:11 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/backup/01u26b2p_1_1_1_PROD1.full.bak tag=TAG20190522T123433 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:38 Finished backup at 2019-05-22 12:35:12 Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2019-05-22 12:35:12 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD1/autobackup/2019_05_22/o1_mf_s_1008938112_gg9nd0oc_.bkp comment=NONE Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2019-05-22 12:35:13
查看RMAN备份集
RMAN> list backup; List of Backup Sets =================== BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time ------- ---- -- ----- ----------- ------------ ------------------- 1 Full 1.70G DISK 00:00:37 2019-05-22 12:35:10 BP Key: 1 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20190522T123433 Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/backup/01u26b2p_1_1_1_PROD1.full.bak List of Datafiles in backup set 1 File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name ---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ---- 1 Full 1757718 2019-05-22 12:34:34 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/system01.dbf 2 Full 1757718 2019-05-22 12:34:34 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/sysaux01.dbf 3 Full 1757718 2019-05-22 12:34:34 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/undotbs01.dbf 4 Full 1757718 2019-05-22 12:34:34 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/users01.dbf 5 Full 1757718 2019-05-22 12:34:34 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/example01.dbf 6 Full 1757718 2019-05-22 12:34:34 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/abc01.dbf 7 Full 1757718 2019-05-22 12:34:34 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/abcd01.dbf 8 Full 1757718 2019-05-22 12:34:34 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/tbs_c01.dbf 9 Full 1757718 2019-05-22 12:34:34 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/aaa01.dbf 10 Full 1757718 2019-05-22 12:34:34 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/aaa02.dbf BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time ------- ---- -- ----- ----------- ------------ ------------------- 2 Full 9.36M DISK 00:00:00 2019-05-22 12:35:12 BP Key: 2 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20190522T123512 Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD1/autobackup/2019_05_22/o1_mf_s_1008938112_gg9nd0oc_.bkp SPFILE Included: Modification time: 2019-05-22 11:54:09 SPFILE db_unique_name: PROD1 Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1757737 Ckp time: 2019-05-22 12:35:12
2. 删除所有控制文件
删除当前系统所有控制文件
SQL> select name from v$controlfile; NAME ----------------------------------------------------- /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/control01.ctl /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/control02.ctl /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/control03.ctl /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/control04.ctl /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/control05.ctl /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/control06.ctl /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/control07.ctl /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/control08.ctl 8 rows selected. SQL> !rm -rf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/*.ctl SQL> startup force; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 830930944 bytes Fixed Size 2232920 bytes Variable Size 591400360 bytes Database Buffers 234881024 bytes Redo Buffers 2416640 bytes ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info
3. 重建控制文件
重启失败，手工重建控制文件。重建前，请确认好所有数据文件、日志文件具体路径。如果之前没有单独备份控制文件，可参考官方文档11g Release 2 (11.2) Database Backup and Recovery User's Guide：To create a new control file and recover the database 语句进行重建。
手工编写脚本
STARTUP NOMOUNT CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "PROD1" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG MAXLOGFILES 16 MAXLOGMEMBERS 3 MAXDATAFILES 100 MAXINSTANCES 8 MAXLOGHISTORY 292 LOGFILE GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/redo01.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512, GROUP 2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/redo02.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512, GROUP 3 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/redo03.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512 -- STANDBY LOGFILE DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/system01.dbf', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/sysaux01.dbf', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/undotbs01.dbf', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/users01.dbf', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/example01.dbf', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/abc01.dbf', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/abcd01.dbf', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/tbs_c01.dbf', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/aaa01.dbf', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/aaa02.dbf' CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8 ;
运行脚本
SQL> shutdown abort; ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> @con.sql Control file created.
注意：控制文件会根据参数文件里面指定的具体路径被重新创建，但是，因为SCN号与数据文件不同，所以无法直接打开，也就是需要恢复Recover。
直接打开会报错
SQL> alter database open; alter database open * ERROR at line 1: ORA-01113: file 1 needs media recovery ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/system01.dbf'
动态性能视图 v$recover_file 里面记录了需要恢复的所有数据文件
SQL> select * from v$recover_file;
进行恢复：由于控制文件被重建，所以恢复必须使用 using backup controlfile 语句进行恢复，且必须以 resetlogs 方式打开数据库。
SQL> recover database using backup controlfile; ORA-00279: change 1757718 generated at 05/22/2019 12:34:34 needed for thread 1 ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/archive1/1_67_1001001677.dbf ORA-00280: change 1757718 for thread 1 is in sequence #67 Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL} auto ORA-00308: cannot open archived log '/u01/app/oracle/archive1/1_67_1001001677.dbf' ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory Additional information: 3 ORA-00308: cannot open archived log '/u01/app/oracle/archive1/1_67_1001001677.dbf' ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory Additional information: 3
这时候自动应用归档的时候提示错误，是因为，没有此归档（没有生成），介质恢复需要用的数据应该在日志文件里面，尝试下
SQL> recover database using backup controlfile; ORA-00279: change 1757718 generated at 05/22/2019 12:34:34 needed for thread 1 ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/archive1/1_67_1001001677.dbf ORA-00280: change 1757718 for thread 1 is in sequence #67 Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL} /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/redo01.log Log applied. Media recovery complete.
证明需要恢复的数据是在 redo01.dbf 在线日志文件中，因此完成了恢复。
最后，以 resetlogs 方式打开数据库
SQL> alter database open resetlogs; Database altered.
4. 重新编目元数据
此时连接 RMAN ，运行命令 list backup; 是没有任何元数据信息的。因为之前存在控制文件中，但是由于被删除，后手工重建，所以元数据丢失。
[oracle@henry ~]$ rman target / Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed May 22 13:05:02 2019 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. connected to target database: PROD1 (DBID=2222344843) RMAN> list backup; using target database control file instead of recovery catalog specification does not match any backup in the repository
接下来，找到之前RMAN的备份片，进行重新编目（手工注册）
RMAN> catalog backuppiece '/u01/app/oracle/backup/01u26b2p_1_1_1_PROD1.full.bak'; cataloged backup piece backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/backup/01u26b2p_1_1_1_PROD1.full.bak RECID=1 STAMP=1008940142 RMAN> catalog backuppiece '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD1/autobackup/2019_05_22/o1_mf_s_1008938112_gg9nd0oc_.bkp'; cataloged backup piece backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD1/autobackup/2019_05_22/o1_mf_s_1008938112_gg9nd0oc_.bkp RECID=2 STAMP=1008940181
这时候，再次运行 list backup;命令即可显示
RMAN> list backup; List of Backup Sets =================== BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time ------- ---- -- ----- ----------- ------------ ------------------- 1 Full 1.70G DISK 00:00:00 2019-05-22 12:34:33 BP Key: 1 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20190522T123433 Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/backup/01u26b2p_1_1_1_PROD1.full.bak List of Datafiles in backup set 1 File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name ---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ---- 1 Full 1757718 2019-05-22 12:34:34 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/system01.dbf 2 Full 1757718 2019-05-22 12:34:34 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/sysaux01.dbf 3 Full 1757718 2019-05-22 12:34:34 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/undotbs01.dbf 4 Full 1757718 2019-05-22 12:34:34 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/users01.dbf 5 Full 1757718 2019-05-22 12:34:34 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/example01.dbf 6 Full 1757718 2019-05-22 12:34:34 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/abc01.dbf 7 Full 1757718 2019-05-22 12:34:34 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/abcd01.dbf 8 Full 1757718 2019-05-22 12:34:34 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/tbs_c01.dbf 9 Full 1757718 2019-05-22 12:34:34 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/aaa01.dbf 10 Full 1757718 2019-05-22 12:34:34 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/aaa02.dbf BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time ------- ---- -- ----- ----------- ------------ ------------------- 2 Full 9.36M DISK 00:00:00 2019-05-22 12:35:12 BP Key: 2 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20190522T123512 Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD1/autobackup/2019_05_22/o1_mf_s_1008938112_gg9nd0oc_.bkp SPFILE Included: Modification time: 2019-05-22 11:54:09 SPFILE db_unique_name: PROD1 Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1757737 Ckp time: 2019-05-22 12:35:12
5. 验证可用性
验证下可用性，手工直接删除某数据文件，并重启
SQL> select name from v$datafile; NAME -------------------------------------------------- /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/system01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/sysaux01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/undotbs01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/users01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/example01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/abc01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/abcd01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/tbs_c01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/aaa01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/aaa02.dbf 10 rows selected. SQL> !rm -rf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/abc01.dbf SQL> startup force; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 830930944 bytes Fixed Size 2232920 bytes Variable Size 591400360 bytes Database Buffers 234881024 bytes Redo Buffers 2416640 bytes Database mounted. ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 6 - see DBWR trace file ORA-01110: data file 6: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/abc01.dbf'
报错后，通过RMAN进行6号文件的还原与恢复
[oracle@henry ~]$ rman target / Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed May 22 13:11:18 2019 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. connected to target database: PROD1 (DBID=2222344843, not open) RMAN> restore datafile 6; Starting restore at 2019-05-22 13:11:40 using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00006 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/abc01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/backup/01u26b2p_1_1_1_PROD1.full.bak channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/backup/01u26b2p_1_1_1_PROD1.full.bak tag=TAG20190522T123433 channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished restore at 2019-05-22 13:11:42 RMAN> recover datafile 6; Starting recover at 2019-05-22 13:11:49 using channel ORA_DISK_1 starting media recovery archived log for thread 1 with sequence 67 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/archive1/1_67_1001001677.dbf archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/archive1/1_67_1001001677.dbf thread=1 sequence=67 media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00 Finished recover at 2019-05-22 13:11:49
