linux(centos8):使用zip/unzip压缩和解压缩文件
一，查看zip命令所属的rpm包
1，zip
[root@kubemaster ~]# whereis zip zip: /usr/bin/zip /usr/share/man/man1/zip.1.gz
[root@kubemaster ~]# rpm -qf /usr/bin/zip zip-3.0-23.el8.x86_64
如果找不到zip命令，
可以用dnf进行安装
[root@kubemaster ~]# dnf install zip
2,unzip
[root@kubemaster ~]# whereis unzip unzip: /usr/bin/unzip /usr/share/man/man1/unzip.1.gz
[root@kubemaster ~]# rpm -qf /usr/bin/unzip unzip-6.0-43.el8.x86_64
如果找不到unzip命令，
可以用dnf进行安装
[root@kubemaster ~]# dnf install unzip
说明：刘宏缔的架构森林是一个专注架构的博客，
网站：https://blog.imgtouch.com
本文: https://blog.imgtouch.com/index.php/2023/05/24/centos8linux-shi-yong-zipunzip-ya-suo-he-jie-ya-suo-wen-jian/
对应的源码可以访问这里获取： https://github.com/liuhongdi/
说明：作者:刘宏缔 邮箱: 371125307@qq.com
二，查看zip命令的版本和帮助:
1,zip
直接输入命令后会打印版本和帮助信息
[root@kubemaster ~]# zip Copyright (c) 1990-2008 Info-ZIP - Type 'zip "-L"' for software license. Zip 3.0 (July 5th 2008). Usage: zip [-options] [-b path] [-t mmddyyyy] [-n suffixes] [zipfile list] [-xi list] The default action is to add or replace zipfile entries from list, which can include the special name - to compress standard input. ...
2,unzip:
直接输入命令后会打印版本和帮助信息
[root@kubemaster ~]# unzip UnZip 6.00 of 20 April 2009, by Info-ZIP. Maintained by C. Spieler. Send bug reports using http://www.info-zip.org/zip-bug.html; see README for details. Usage: unzip [-Z] [-opts[modifiers]] file[.zip] [list] [-x xlist] [-d exdir] Default action is to extract files in list, except those in xlist, to exdir;
...
三，zip的常用例子
1,把文件打包压缩进zip文件
[root@kubemaster zip]# zip t1.zip a.txt b.txt adding: a.txt (deflated 82%) adding: b.txt (deflated 82%)
2,查看zip包中包含的文件:
用zip查看
#-sf:--show-files:显示文件列表
[root@kubemaster zip]# zip -sf t1.zip Archive contains: a.txt b.txt Total 2 entries (112 bytes)
用unzip查看
#-l:列出文件
[root@kubemaster zip]# unzip -l t1.zip Archive: t1.zip Length Date Time Name --------- ---------- ----- ---- 56 07-28-2020 18:38 a.txt 56 07-28-2020 18:38 b.txt --------- ------- 112 2 files
用zipinfo查看:
[root@kubemaster zip]# zipinfo t1.zip Archive: t1.zip Zip file size: 318 bytes, number of entries: 2 -rw-r--r-- 3.0 unx 56 tx defN 20-Jul-28 18:38 a.txt -rw-r--r-- 3.0 unx 56 tx defN 20-Jul-28 18:38 b.txt 2 files, 112 bytes uncompressed, 20 bytes compressed: 82.1%
说明:zipinfo是unzip包中自带的命令
3,添加一个文件到现有的zip包
[root@kubemaster zip]# zip t1.zip c.txt adding: c.txt (deflated 82%) [root@kubemaster zip]# zipinfo t1.zip Archive: t1.zip Zip file size: 466 bytes, number of entries: 3 -rw-r--r-- 3.0 unx 56 tx defN 20-Jul-28 18:38 a.txt -rw-r--r-- 3.0 unx 56 tx defN 20-Jul-28 18:38 b.txt -rw-r--r-- 3.0 unx 56 tx defN 20-Jul-28 19:02 c.txt 3 files, 168 bytes uncompressed, 30 bytes compressed: 82.1%
可以看到已添加成功
4,从现有的zip压缩包中删除一个文件
[root@kubemaster zip]# zip -d t1.zip c.txt deleting: c.txt [root@kubemaster zip]# zipinfo t1.zip Archive: t1.zip Zip file size: 318 bytes, number of entries: 2 -rw-r--r-- 3.0 unx 56 tx defN 20-Jul-28 18:38 a.txt -rw-r--r-- 3.0 unx 56 tx defN 20-Jul-28 18:38 b.txt 2 files, 112 bytes uncompressed, 20 bytes compressed: 82.1%
可以看到已删除成功
5,添加到zip时去掉原目录，只保留文件名:
#-j:不处理压缩文件中原有的目录路径
[root@kubemaster zip]# zip -j t1.zip /var/log/cron adding: cron (deflated 86%) [root@kubemaster zip]# zipinfo t1.zip Archive: t1.zip Zip file size: 1559 bytes, number of entries: 4 -rw-r--r-- 3.0 unx 56 tx defN 20-Jul-28 18:38 a.txt -rw-r--r-- 3.0 unx 56 tx defN 20-Jul-28 18:38 b.txt -rw-r--r-- 3.0 unx 56 tx defN 20-Jul-28 19:02 c.txt -rw------- 3.0 unx 6973 tx defN 20-Jul-28 19:01 cron 4 files, 7141 bytes uncompressed, 987 bytes compressed: 86.2%
可以看到cron已经被去掉了目录信息
6,替换zip包中的文件：
[root@kubemaster zip]# zipinfo t1.zip Archive: t1.zip Zip file size: 1559 bytes, number of entries: 4 -rw-r--r-- 3.0 unx 56 tx defN 20-Jul-28 18:38 a.txt -rw-r--r-- 3.0 unx 56 tx defN 20-Jul-28 18:38 b.txt -rw-r--r-- 3.0 unx 56 tx defN 20-Jul-28 19:02 c.txt -rw------- 3.0 unx 6973 tx defN 20-Jul-28 19:01 cron 4 files, 7141 bytes uncompressed, 987 bytes compressed: 86.2%
可以看到a.txt的文件大小是56
我们修改a.txt文件后，替换压缩包中的此文件
[root@kubemaster zip]# zip -u t1.zip a.txt [root@kubemaster zip]# zipinfo t1.zip Archive: t1.zip Zip file size: 1564 bytes, number of entries: 4 -rw-r--r-- 3.0 unx 252 tx defN 20-Jul-28 19:25 a.txt -rw-r--r-- 3.0 unx 56 tx defN 20-Jul-28 18:38 b.txt -rw-r--r-- 3.0 unx 56 tx defN 20-Jul-28 19:02 c.txt -rw------- 3.0 unx 6973 tx defN 20-Jul-28 19:01 cron 4 files, 7337 bytes uncompressed, 992 bytes compressed: 86.5%
已替换成功
7,指定压缩比时，默认的压缩比是多少？
[root@kubemaster zip]# zip -h2
... -0 store files (no compression) -1 to -9 compress fastest to compress best (default is 6)
...
这个值一般不需要改动
8，压缩一个目录:
# -r :recurse into directories递归压缩目录
[root@kubemaster goods]# ls ga.txt gb.txt [root@kubemaster goods]# cd .. [root@kubemaster zip]# zip -r t1.zip ./goods/ adding: goods/ (stored 0%) adding: goods/ga.txt (deflated 71%) adding: goods/gb.txt (deflated 74%) [root@kubemaster zip]# zipinfo t1.zip Archive: t1.zip Zip file size: 2020 bytes, number of entries: 7 -rw-r--r-- 3.0 unx 252 tx defN 20-Jul-28 19:25 a.txt -rw-r--r-- 3.0 unx 56 tx defN 20-Jul-28 18:38 b.txt -rw-r--r-- 3.0 unx 56 tx defN 20-Jul-28 19:02 c.txt -rw------- 3.0 unx 6973 tx defN 20-Jul-28 19:01 cron drwxr-xr-x 3.0 unx 0 bx stor 20-Jul-31 11:22 goods/ -rw-r--r-- 3.0 unx 21 tx defN 20-Jul-31 11:22 goods/ga.txt -rw-r--r-- 3.0 unx 23 tx defN 20-Jul-31 11:22 goods/gb.txt 7 files, 7381 bytes uncompressed, 1004 bytes compressed: 86.4%
四，例子：zip包加密码
1,加密码:
#-P:指定添加文件的密码,解压此文件时会要求输入
注意：是此命令行中所添加的文件有密码，不是给整个zip包加的密码
多个文件可以分别对应多个不同的密码
[root@kubemaster zip]# zip -P pass -r t2.zip goods adding: goods/ (stored 0%) adding: goods/ga.txt (deflated 71%) adding: goods/gb.txt (deflated 74%)
2,解压时会要求输入密码:
[root@kubemaster zip]# unzip t2.zip Archive: t2.zip [t2.zip] goods/ga.txt password:
五，例子：zip包加备注 :
1，添加备注:
[root@kubemaster zip]# zip -z t1.zip enter new zip file comment (end with .): goods list zip important files. .
2,查看zip文件中已添加的注释
[root@kubemaster zip]# zipnote t1.zip ... goods list zip important files.
3,用zipinfo也可以查看注释
# -z: 打印注释
[root@kubemaster zip]# zipinfo -z t1.zip Archive: t1.zip goods list zip important files. Zip file size: 2052 bytes, number of entries: 7 -rw-r--r-- 3.0 unx 252 tx defN 20-Jul-28 19:25 a.txt -rw-r--r-- 3.0 unx 56 tx defN 20-Jul-28 18:38 b.txt -rw-r--r-- 3.0 unx 56 tx defN 20-Jul-28 19:02 c.txt -rw------- 3.0 unx 6973 tx defN 20-Jul-28 19:01 cron drwxr-xr-x 3.0 unx 0 bx stor 20-Jul-31 11:22 goods/ -rw-r--r-- 3.0 unx 21 tx defN 20-Jul-31 11:22 goods/ga.txt -rw-r--r-- 3.0 unx 23 tx defN 20-Jul-31 11:22 goods/gb.txt 7 files, 7381 bytes uncompressed, 1004 bytes compressed: 86.4%
六，unzip的常用例子
1,验证压缩包是否完整
#-t:test compressed archive data
[root@kubemaster zip]# unzip -t t2.zip Archive: t2.zip testing: goods/ OK [t2.zip] goods/ga.txt password: testing: goods/ga.txt OK testing: goods/gb.txt OK No errors detected in compressed data of t2.zip.
2,解压缩到指定目录:
#-d:指定要解压到的目录
[root@kubemaster zip]# unzip t2.zip -d /root/unzip Archive: t2.zip creating: /root/unzip/goods/ [t2.zip] goods/ga.txt password: inflating: /root/unzip/goods/ga.txt inflating: /root/unzip/goods/gb.txt [root@kubemaster zip]# ls /root/unzip/ goods
3,解压缩时取消目录:
#-j:忽略文件原有目录，把文件统一解压到第一级目录
[root@kubemaster zip]# unzip -j t2.zip -d /root/undir Archive: t2.zip [t2.zip] goods/ga.txt password: inflating: /root/undir/ga.txt inflating: /root/undir/gb.txt [root@kubemaster zip]# ls /root/undir ga.txt gb.txt
4,解压缩指定的文件
说明：把要解压的文件名写到命令行中zip包后面即可
[root@kubemaster zip]# unzip t2.zip goods/gb.txt -d /root/undir2 Archive: t2.zip [t2.zip] goods/gb.txt password: inflating: /root/undir2/goods/gb.txt [root@kubemaster zip]# ls -R /root/undir2 /root/undir2: goods /root/undir2/goods: gb.txt
七，查看linux的版本:
[root@kubemaster ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 8.2.2004 (Core)
