centos8平台使用parted管理分区
一，parted的用途
parted是GNU发布的强大的分区工具，
parted命令可以划分单个分区大于2T的GPT格式的分区，也可以划分普通的MBR分区。
因为fdisk命令对于大于2T的分区无法划分，所以用fdisk无法看到parted划分的GPT格式的分区
说明：刘宏缔的架构森林是一个专注架构的博客，
网站：https://blog.imgtouch.com
本文: https://blog.imgtouch.com/index.php/2023/05/21/centos8linux-yong-parted-guan-li-fen-qu/
对应的源码可以访问这里获取： https://github.com/liuhongdi/
说明：作者:刘宏缔 邮箱: 371125307@qq.com
二，两种分区表：MBR分区表/GPT分区表的比较
MBR分区表：（MBR含义：主引导记录）
所支持的最大卷：2T （T: terabytes,1TB=1024GB）
对分区的设限：最多4个主分区或3个主分区加一个扩展分区。
GPT分区表：（GPT含义：GUID Partition Table,即GUID分区表）
支持最大卷：18EB，（E：exabytes,1EB=1024TB）
每个磁盘最多支持128个分区
所以如果要大于2TB的卷或分区就必须得用GPT分区表
三，parted命令所属的包及安装
1,所属的包
[root@blog ~]# whereis parted parted: /usr/sbin/parted /usr/share/man/man8/parted.8.gz /usr/share/info/parted.info.gz [root@blog ~]# rpm -qf /usr/sbin/parted parted-3.2-36.el8.x86_64
2,如果找不到parted命令，可以用yum安装
[root@blog ~]# yum install parted
四，查看parted的版本和帮助
1,查看版本
[root@blog ~]# parted --version parted (GNU parted) 3.2 Copyright (C) 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>. This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. Written by <http://git.debian.org/?p=parted/parted.git;a=blob_plain;f=AUTHORS>.
2,查看帮助
[root@blog ~]# parted --help
五，例子一：打印磁盘与分区列表:
# --list: lists partition layout on all block devices
列出所有块设备上的分区安排
[root@blog ~]# parted --list Error: /dev/vdb: unrecognised disk label Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk) Disk /dev/vdb: 537GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: unknown Disk Flags: Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk) Disk /dev/vda: 107GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Disk Flags: Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 1049kB 107GB 107GB primary xfs boot
说明：通过上面的命令输出我们可以看到：
一共有两块磁盘： /dev/vdb: 537GB
/dev/vda 107GB
在生产环境中我们也是通用的做法：系统盘和数据盘分开，
避免系统对数据有影响
/dev/vda的Partition Table是msdos,
已经经过了分区，
可以看到它的分区表:File system也已格式化成了xfs文件系统
/dev/vdb的Partition Table是unknown
说明它还没有做分区
六，例子二：用parted给/dev/vdb创建一个指定大小的分区
1,进入parted
[root@blog ~]# parted /dev/vdb
2，查看帮助
(parted) help align-check TYPE N check partition N for TYPE(min|opt) alignment help [COMMAND] print general help, or help on COMMAND mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE create a new disklabel (partition table) mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END make a partition name NUMBER NAME name partition NUMBER as NAME print [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER] display the partition table, available devices, free space, all found partitions, or a particular partition quit exit program rescue START END rescue a lost partition near START and END resizepart NUMBER END resize partition NUMBER rm NUMBER delete partition NUMBER select DEVICE choose the device to edit disk_set FLAG STATE change the FLAG on selected device disk_toggle [FLAG] toggle the state of FLAG on selected device set NUMBER FLAG STATE change the FLAG on partition NUMBER toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]] toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBER unit UNIT set the default unit to UNIT version display the version number and copyright information of GNU Parted
3,打印分区的信息
(parted) print Error: /dev/vdb: unrecognised disk label Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk) Disk /dev/vdb: 537GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: unknown Disk Flags:
4,创建一个新的gpt类型的空磁盘分区表
# mklabel用来指定分区表的类型
(parted) mklabel gpt (parted) print Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk) Disk /dev/vdb: 537GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
已可以看到分区表的类型被指定为gpt
但还没有分区
5,创建分区
#mkpart primary 创建一个主分区类型
(parted) mkpart primary 0 537GB Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance: 34s % 2048s != 0s Ignore/Cancel? C
上面提到分区没有按照最优的性能对齐，我们选Cancel,
换一个方式指定分区大小
解决办法：
#mkpart primary 0% 100% 使用百分比可以解决对齐的问题
(parted) print Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk) Disk /dev/vdb: 537GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags (parted) mkpart primary 0% 100% (parted) print Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk) Disk /dev/vdb: 537GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 537GB 537GB primary
检查一下:
#align-check optimal 1 检查分区的对齐情况，提示aligned则表示已对齐
(parted) align-check optimal 1 1 aligned
6，删除一个分区
# rm 加分区的Number,用来删除一个分区
(parted) rm 1 (parted) print Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk) Disk /dev/vdb: 537GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
删除后可以见到分区已经不见了
7，检查指定的分区是否对齐?
# align-check 用来检查分区是否对齐，提示aligned表示已对齐
(parted) align-check optimal 1 1 aligned
8，退出
(parted) quit
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
七，创建分区成功后，可以用fdisk -l 或parted --list查看:
1,用parted --list查看分区
[root@blog ~]# parted --list Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk) Disk /dev/vdb: 537GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 537GB 537GB primary
...
2,用 fdisk -l查看分区
[root@blog ~]# fdisk -l ... Disk /dev/vdb: 500 GiB, 536870912000 bytes, 1048576000 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: gpt Disk identifier: 46C9B0B7-0D78-43D2-9C2D-0059E02F9635 Device Start End Sectors Size Type /dev/vdb1 2048 1048573951 1048571904 500G Linux filesystem
八，分区创建成功后，还没有做格式化，请查看这一篇文章了解xfs文件系统
https://blog.imgtouch.com/index.php/2023/05/21/centos8-ping-tai-shi-yong-xfs-wen-jian-xi-tong/
九，查看centos的版本
[root@blog databak]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 8.0.1905 (Core)
