Chapter20-Using Globalization Support
Oracle supports different classes of character encoding schemes:
- Single-byte character sets
- 7-bit
- 8-bit
- Varying-width multibyte character sets
- Fixed-width multibyte character sets
- Unicode(AL32UTF8,AL16UTF16,UTF8)
-
查看数据库中的字符集信息
- select * from nls_database_parameters;
- NLS_CHARACTERSET AL32UTF8(主字符集)
- NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET AL16UTF16(辅助字符集)
- select * from nls_database_parameters;
- Guideline for Character Sets
- Considerations:
- What languages must be the database support?
- What are interoperability concerns with system resources and applications?
- What are the performance implications?
- What are the restrictions?
- Considerations:
- 在安装数据库时,选择字符集的原则:服务器端Oracle字符集是客户端字符集的超集;[UCS-2]->[UTF-16]->[UTF-8]
- UTF-8 is the 8-bit encoding of Unicode.It is a variable-width encoding and a strict superset of ASCII.意味着如果你的数据库中主字符集编码是7-bit的,在转换到UTF-8的字符集的时候,是完全没有问题的,因为UTF-8是ASCII 7-bit字符集的严格超集
- ALTER SESSION SET NLS_LANGUAGE=Italian;更改会话语言命令;Oracle会根据不同的会话语言,显示不同的数据格式,比如日期数据;
- Lang-Dependent Behavior
- Table3-1 Methods of Setting NLS Parameters and Their Priorities
-
-
Priority Method 1(highest) Explicitly set in SQL functions 2 Set by an ALTER SESSION statement 3 Set as an environment variable 4 Specified in the initalization parameter file 5 Default
-
ALTER SESSION SET NLS=Italian
-
- 查询登陆SESSION的NLS信息
- SELECT * FROM NLS_SESSION_PARAMETERS;
- 查询登陆SESSION的NLS信息
- NLS_LANG=SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK 这个参数设定了,下面的货币符号、日期格式、排序方式等等规则就确定了(如下);注意NLS_LANG只能在环境变量中设置,不可以在SESSION或SPFILE中设置;
- NLS_DATE_FORMAT
- NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE
- NLS_SORT
- NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS
- NLS_CURRENCY
- NLS_ISO_CURRENCY
- NLS_CALENDAR
- Getting NLS Settings Information
- NLS_DATABASE_PARAMETERS
- NLS_INSTANCE_PARAMETERS 参数数据受SPFILE中的设置影响;
- NLS_SESSION_PARAMETERS 参数数据受客户端的环境变量影响;
- V$NLS_VALID_VALUES
- LANGUAGE SORT TERRITORY CHARACTERSET
- V$NLS_PARAMETERS
- NLS SESSION PARAMETERS,NLS_CHARACTERSET
- DEMO
- NLS_SORT参数使用;如下查询结果,分析原因,可根据SELECT * FROM NLS_DATABASE_PARAMETERS;中的NLS_SORT参数值来判断;
- 建表
-
CREATE TABLE H
(
ID NUMBER,
NAME VARCHAR2(10)
);
-
- 插入数据
-
INSERT INTO H VALUES(1,'一');
COMMIT;
INSERT INTO H VALUES(2,'二');
INSERT INTO H VALUES(3,'三');
INSERT INTO H VALUES(4,'四');
INSERT INTO H VALUES(5,'五');
INSERT INTO H VALUES(6,'六');
INSERT INTO H VALUES(7,'七');
INSERT INTO H VALUES(8,'八');
INSERT INTO H VALUES(9,'九');
INSERT INTO H VALUES(10,'十'); - 执行查询SELECT * FROM H;排序一切正常;
- 执行查询SELECT * FROM H ORDER BY NAME;排序乱七八糟;
-
- 建表
- NLS_SORT参数使用;如下查询结果,分析原因,可根据SELECT * FROM NLS_DATABASE_PARAMETERS;中的NLS_SORT参数值来判断;