[bbk2668] 第53集 - Chapter 13-Using Oracle Blokcs Efficeintly[02]

Database Block Size

Minimize block visits by:

  • Using a large block size
  • Packing rows tightly
  • Preventing row migration

Packing rows tightly与Preventing row migraion是一对矛盾体.如果packing rows tightly过量,就会导致row  migration.

DB_BLOCK_SIZE Parameter

The database block size:

  • Is defined by the DB_BLOCK_SIZE parameter.
  • Is set when the database is created.
  • Is the minimum I/O unit for data file reads.
  • Is 2KB or 4KB default,but up to 64KB is allowed.
  • Cannot be changed easily.
  • Should be an integer multiple of the OS block size.
  • Should be less than or equal to the OS I/O size.
SQL> show parameter DB_BLOCK_SIZE

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_block_size                        integer     8192

Small Block Sixze Pros and Cons

  • Pros
    • -Reduces block contention
    • -Is good for small rows
    • -Is good for random access
  • Cons 
    • -Has a relatively overhead
    • -Has a small number of rows per block
    • -Can cause more index  blocks to be read

Large Bolck Size Pros and Cons

  • Pros
    • -Less overhead
    • -Good for sequential access
    • -Good for very large rows
    • -Better performance of index reads
  • Cons
    • -Increase block contention
    • -Uses more space in the buffer cache

 实际应用中如何决定块的大小使用,如何选择?

OLTP系统,建议使用小块,因为OLTP系统大并发;随机访问的比较多.(宜选择4K or 8K)

OLAP系统,建议使用大块,因为用户少,但是每一个用户使用的资源巨多.(宜选择8K,16,32K)

PCTFREE and PCTUSED

现在已经很少使用手工管理方式管理PCTFREE and PCTUSED参数了,基本上都是在使用自动管理方式.在之前使用手工方式管理的时候,PCTFREE and PCTUSED参数都需要指定,现在使用自动管理方式,只要设定PCTFREE一个参数即可.

Guidelines

  • PCTFREE(recommend use it)
    • -Default is 10
    • -Zero if no UPDATE activity
    • -PCTFREE = 100 * UPD / (Average row length)
  • PCTUSED( ignore or forget it )
    • -Default is 40
    • -Set if rows are deleted
    • PCTUSED = 100 - PCTFREE - 100 * Rows * (Average row length) / Blcok size

Migration and Chaining

Chaining的发生,就是说一条记录太大,一块都无法放下一条记录,只能将此记录数据一分为几块.

Migration的发生,就是说一条记录,相对较大,将大出来一小部分给放到另外的块中.

 

Detecting Migration And Chaining

了解了Migration and Chaining情况的发生,都会增加I/O的读写次数,实际生产过程中,我们就要尽可能及时发现并且杜绝Migration and Chaining的发生.

任务:1、如何查看一张表中有多少记录发生了Chaining?

  2、如何查看一张表中有多少记录发生了Migration?

  • Use the ANALYZE command to detect migration and chaining

  • Detect migration and chaining by using Statspack: 

Selecting Migratied Rows

 

这个脚本的执行,需要事先执行一个脚本,创建一张表,表名称:chained_rows。

Eliminating Migrated Rows

如何消除那些migrated rows,下面提供三种方法,具体如下:

其中,前两种属于推到重建型,第三种属于小修小补型.

  1. Export/Import
    1. Export the table
    2. Drop or truncate the table
    3. Import the table  
  2. Move table command
    1. Alter Table Employees Move
  3. Copying migrated rows
    1. Find migrated rows to new table
    2. Copy migrated rows to new table
    3. Delete migrated rows from original table.
    4. Copy rows from new table to orginal table.

问题:在前两种推到重建的方法中,表之前的约束关系是如何处理的?

posted @ 2013-05-08 16:56  ArcerZhang  阅读(186)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报