使用RMAN备份数据文件
1、查看数据文件信息
- 通过report schema方式查看
RMAN> report schema; Report of database schema for database with db_unique_name POLI List of Permanent Datafiles =========================== File Size(MB) Tablespace RB segs Datafile Name ---- -------- -------------------- ------- ------------------------ 1 690 SYSTEM *** /u01/oradata/poli/system01.dbf 2 540 SYSAUX *** /u01/oradata/poli/sysaux01.dbf 3 85 UNDOTBS1 *** /u01/oradata/poli/undotbs01.dbf 4 35 USERS *** /u01/oradata/poli/users01.dbf 5 100 EXAMPLE *** /u01/oradata/poli/example01.dbf 6 200 EXPIMP *** /u01/oradata/expimp01.dbf List of Temporary Files ======================= File Size(MB) Tablespace Maxsize(MB) Tempfile Name ---- -------- -------------------- ----------- -------------------- 1 29 TEMP 32767 /u01/oradata/poli/temp01.dbf
- 通过v$datafile查看
[oracle@DG1 arcerzhang]$ sqlplus sys/oracle as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Mar 23 16:34:16 2013 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options SQL> desc v$datafile; Name Null? Type ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- FILE# NUMBER CREATION_CHANGE# NUMBER CREATION_TIME DATE TS# NUMBER RFILE# NUMBER STATUS VARCHAR2(7) ENABLED VARCHAR2(10) CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# NUMBER CHECKPOINT_TIME DATE UNRECOVERABLE_CHANGE# NUMBER UNRECOVERABLE_TIME DATE LAST_CHANGE# NUMBER LAST_TIME DATE OFFLINE_CHANGE# NUMBER ONLINE_CHANGE# NUMBER ONLINE_TIME DATE BYTES NUMBER BLOCKS NUMBER CREATE_BYTES NUMBER BLOCK_SIZE NUMBER NAME VARCHAR2(513) PLUGGED_IN NUMBER BLOCK1_OFFSET NUMBER AUX_NAME VARCHAR2(513) FIRST_NONLOGGED_SCN NUMBER FIRST_NONLOGGED_TIME DATE FOREIGN_DBID NUMBER FOREIGN_CREATION_CHANGE# NUMBER FOREIGN_CREATION_TIME DATE PLUGGED_READONLY VARCHAR2(3) PLUGIN_CHANGE# NUMBER PLUGIN_RESETLOGS_CHANGE# NUMBER PLUGIN_RESETLOGS_TIME DATE SQL> col name format a60 SQL> select file#,name from v$datafile; FILE# NAME ---------- ------------------------------------------------------------ 1 /u01/oradata/poli/system01.dbf 2 /u01/oradata/poli/sysaux01.dbf 3 /u01/oradata/poli/undotbs01.dbf 4 /u01/oradata/poli/users01.dbf 5 /u01/oradata/poli/example01.dbf 6 /u01/oradata/expimp01.dbf 6 rows selected.
2、将FILE#为4的datafile进行备份
RMAN> backup datafile 4 format '/u01/arcerzhang/poli_4_datafile_%U'; Starting backup at 23-MAR-13 using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/oradata/poli/users01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 23-MAR-13 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 23-MAR-13 piece handle=/u01/arcerzhang/poli_4_datafile_0bo58pim_1_1 tag=TAG20130323T163950 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03 Finished backup at 23-MAR-13 Starting Control File Autobackup at 23-MAR-13 piece handle=/u01/flash_recovery_area/POLI/autobackup/2013_03_23/o1_mf_n_810837593_8nttlswh_.bkp comment=NONE Finished Control File Autobackup at 23-MAR-13
备注:
(1)、
backup datafile 4 format '/u01/arcerzhang/poli_4_datafile_%U' 这个命令,只能备份一个数据文件;我们也可以一次备份多个数据文件如下所写:
backup datafile 4,5 format '/u01/arcerzhang/poli_4_5_datafile_%U',如此可以同时备份4,5数据文件;
(2)、上述是按照file#进行备份的,也可以通过file_name进行备份操作
backup datafile '/u01/oradata/poli/users01.dbf' format '/u01/arderzhang/poli_df_%U';
(3)、
Image copy不支持增量备份;
Image copy进行的备份,是一对一,一比一的备份;将来使用Image copy的备份文件,直接设置回复目录即可;
Image copy备份的文件,没有进行压缩;
Image copy不需要做restore,只需要做switch就可以;Backup set进行restore时,需要extract files from a backup set,因为一个backup set
是将多个文件捏在一起的。
Backup set支持增量备份
Backup set进行的备份文件,可以进行压缩;
Backup set可以写到磁盘或者磁带上,与之相反的Image copy只能写到磁盘上;
Datafile backup sets can be incremental or full(全备或增量备份);对于归档日志文件,就不能做增量备份,只能进行镜像拷贝。
Backup sets do not include never-used blocks.对于一个比较大的数据文件,当初分配空间的时候分配了100个G,在进行Backup set时,
只有20G的block在使用,其他80G尚未分配使用,此时Backup set只会备份20G已经使用的Block,其他未分配的Block不会被Backup,提高效率;
3、将某一个数据文件备份2份
(1)、创建两个目录
[oracle@DG1 arcerzhang]$ mkdir b1 b2 [oracle@DG1 arcerzhang]$ ll total 16 drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Mar 25 10:46 b1 drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Mar 25 10:46 b2 -rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 65 Mar 21 23:55 exp.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 73 Mar 19 16:45 rdemo.sh
(2)、执行备份
注意:copies num中,num的数据最大值为4.通过show all命令,也可以设置最大备份数.(CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default)
RMAN> backup copies 2 datafile 5 format '/u01/arcerzhang/b1/d_%U','/u01/arcerzhang/b2/d_%U'; 启动 backup 于 25-3月 -13 分配的通道: ORA_DISK_1 通道 ORA_DISK_1: SID=11 设备类型=DISK 通道 ORA_DISK_1: 正在启动全部数据文件备份集 通道 ORA_DISK_1: 正在指定备份集内的数据文件 输入数据文件: 文件号=00005 名称=/u01/oradata/poli/example01.dbf 通道 ORA_DISK_1: 正在启动段 1 于 25-3月 -13 通道 ORA_DISK_1: 已完成段 1 于 25-3月 -13, 有 2 个副本和标记 TAG20130325T104849 段 handle=/u01/arcerzhang/b1/d_17o5ddoh_1_1 comment=NONE 段 handle=/u01/arcerzhang/b2/d_17o5ddoh_1_2 comment=NONE 通道 ORA_DISK_1: 备份集已完成, 经过时间:00:00:46 完成 backup 于 25-3月 -13 启动 Control File Autobackup 于 25-3月 -13 段 handle=/u01/flash_recovery_area/POLI/autobackup/2013_03_25/o1_mf_n_810989375_8nzgt1vc_.bkp comment=NONE 完成 Control File Autobackup 于 25-3月 -13