NBA 籃球英文術語解說 (P-Z)

◎ Palming = a violation in which a player moves his hand under the ball and scoops it while dribbling
翻球；翻腕，運球違例動作，也作 “Carrying the ball”。

◎ Pass = when a passer throws the ball to a teammate; used to start plays, move the ball downcourt, keep it away from defenders and get it to a shooter.
傳球。

◎ Perimeter =the area beyond the foul circle away from the basket, including 3-point line, from which players take long-range shots.
中距離。

◎ Personal foul = contact between players that may result in injury or provide one team with an unfair advantage; players may not push, hold, trip, hack, elbow, restrain or charge into an opponent; these are also counted as team fouls.  
個人犯規。

◎ Playmaker =the point guard who generally sets up plays for his teammates.
常替隊友製造進攻機會的控球後衛。

◎ Pick-and-roll = A play in which an offensive player sets a pick, then cuts or “rolls” toward the basket and takes a pass from a teammate for an open shot.
擋切戰術。籃球中的基本進攻戰術之一，進攻隊員給持球的隊友作掩護英語叫 “set a pick”，然後掩護隊員向籃下移動叫 “roll /cut”，再接隊友的傳球，在無人防守的情況下投籃。Pick n’ Roll 是 Malone 和 Stockton 的看家本領。以 “pick” 為基礎衍生出的戰術還有 “pick-and-fade”、”pick-and-split” 等。

◎ Pick = the offensive player who stands between a teammate and a defender to gives his teammate the chance to take an open shot.
掩護。

◎ Picked off = refers to a defender who has been successfully prevented from reaching the ball handler by an offensive screen.
指防守球員因為掩護而無法跟上持球員。

◎ Pick-up games = impromptu games played among players who just met.
新合作球員的即席比賽。

◎ Pivot =a center; also the foot that must remain touching the floor until a ball handler who has stopped dribbling is ready to pass or shoot.
a. 中樞足；以中樞足轉動身體來改變方向的動作 (n)。
b. 籃下由中鋒控制的區域。

◎ Playoffs = The NBA Playoffs are one of the most exciting times of the year if your an avid NBA fan. The playoffs come only once a year when the 16 best teams go head to head and face off until 1 champion is named.
季後賽，即正規賽結束後，東西聯盟進行的前八名淘汰賽，東西區冠軍出爐後會進行所謂的總冠軍戰。

◎ Point guard = The point guard runs the offense and watches the backcourt. His role is so important to the team that he is really an extension of the coach on the floor. 
控球後衛；組織後衛。

◎ Possession =to be holding or in control of the ball
持球；掌握球權。

◎ Position =The three basketball positions normally employed by organized basketball teams are: guard, forward, and center.
位置。NBA 中運動員被分為三個位置，分別是前鋒 (大小前鋒)、中鋒、後衛 (得分後衛與控球後衛)。

◎ Power forward = The power forward plays the #4 position and may be referred to as a post player, meaning he spends much of his time in the low post (close to the basket).
大前鋒。

◎ Press = extends defense into the opponent’s back-court
緊迫盯人(防守)。”full-court press” 是全場緊逼盯人；”half-court press” 是半場緊迫盯人。

◎ Pump fak =offensive technique: a fake in which a player motions upward as if he is going to shoot the ball but holds back, hoping his defender will jump out of position.
投籃的假動作。

◎ Quadruple-double =double-digits scored in 4 categories.
四雙。即四項技術統計指標超過兩位數。

◎ Quarter = a game is divided into four segments. One segment is referred to as a quarter.
節。一場 NBA 比賽分成四節，每節 12 分鐘。前兩節稱 “first-half”，後兩節稱 “second-half”。中間有中場休息。

◎ Rebound=when a player grabs a ball that is coming off the rim or backboard after a shot attempt; see offensive rebound and defensive rebound.
籃板球(縮寫：Reb.)。

◎ Receiver =the player who receives a pass from the ball handler.
接球員。

◎ Refree = One of two or three officials in charge of a game, whoe are responsible for calling all violations and fouls, levying penalties, and signaling valid field goals.
裁判。

◎ Regulation game = four 12-minute quarters in the NBA or two 20-minute halves in college; a game that ends without overtime periods.
正規賽。

◎ Rejection = A blocked shot
蓋火鍋；蓋帽。

◎ Release =the moment that the ball leaves a shooter’s hands
投籃，指球在投籃球員出手的瞬間。

◎ Reverse dunk = a dunk that’s made backward, over the shooter’s head
反手扣籃。

◎ Rookie =a player in his first NBA season
新人，即第一年在 NBA 打球的運動員。

◎ Roster = the list of players on a team
參賽的球員(名單)。 

◎ Run = occurs when one team scores several field goals in quick succession while its opponents score few or none
連續得分。比賽中螢幕上會經常打出某支球隊 12-0 run in last 4 minutes，就是說這支球隊在剛剛過去的 4 分鐘內連得了 12 分，打出 12 比 0 的小高潮。

◎ Salary Cap =an annual dollar limit that a single team may pay all its players.
薪資上限。

◎ Score = the action of gettin the ball into the basket, and two or three points are credited.
得分。Scorer 得分手。

◎ Scoring opportunity =when a player gets open for a shot that is likely to score
得分機會。亦即進攻球員取得空檔，有機會得分。

◎ Screen =the offensive player who stands between a teammate and a defender to gives his teammate the chance to take an open shot.
掩護，同 “pick”。

◎ Screen out = 卡位。

◎ Season = the period during which NBA games are being played
賽季。

◎ Shot clock = a clock that limits the time a team with the ball has to shoot it; 24 seconds in the NBA; in college, 35 seconds for men, 30 seconds for women.
24 秒計時器。

◎ Shooter =a player who takes a shot at the basket.
跳投球員。

◎ Shooter’s roll =the ability to get even an inaccurate shot to bounce lightly off the rim and into the basket
(有能力讓) 跳投的球在籃框彈跳幾下落網。

◎ Shooting range =the distance from which a player is likely to make his shots.
投射範圍。

◎ Sidelines =2 boundary lines that run the length of the court.
邊線。

◎ Sixth man =the best substitute on a team; usually the first player to come off the bench to replace a starter.
第六人，即第一個替補上場的隊員。

◎ Slam dunk = see “dunk”.
重扣，特指雙手持球高高跳起的使出吃奶力氣的重扣，也可以是單手的重扣，這裏 slam 表示砰的一聲，強調扣籃時發出的聲音。也作 Dunk。

◎ Small forward = The small forward is typically a prolific scorer and a strong defender. Versatility is normally the trademark of a good small forward, who must be big enough to play close to the basket, but quick enough to play on the perimeter.
小前鋒。

◎ Spin = 轉身。

◎ Squad = an informal term for a basketball team
五人組，籃球隊的非正式說法。

◎ Squaring up =when a player’s shoulders are facing the basket as he releases the ball for a shot; considered good shooting position.
球員投籃時雙肩面對籃框，這被視為是良好的投射姿勢。 

◎ Starting-lineup = the 5 starters who begin a game; usually a team’s best players.
先發 (五位) 球員；開場陣容。

◎ Steal = to take the ball away from the opposing team, either off the dribble or by picking off a pass.
抄截；斷球；搶斷球(縮寫：Stl.)。

◎ Strong side = The side of the court on which the ball is located. Opposite of weak side
強側。有球的一側為強側。

◎ Substitutes =a player who comes into the game to replace a player on the court.
替補隊員。

◎ Suspend = when a player is not allowed to attend basketball games or practice with the team 
暫時中止運動員上場比賽；禁賽。

◎ Swing man =a player who can play both the guard and forward positions.
搖擺人，既可扮演後衛與前鋒的球員。

◎ Swish = 空心命中。
*swish = cause sth to swing through the air with a hissing sound 讓物體飛躍空中時發出唰的一聲

◎ Switch = When teammates exchange defensive assignments during play.
換(防)。

◎ Tap in = 把球輕輕碰進籃框

◎ Team = The defensive tactic of two or more players guarding one.
夾擊，不一定是雙人夾擊，可以是多人夾擊。

◎ Team fouls = each personal foul committed by a player is also counted against his team; when a team goes over the limit, its opponent is awarded free-throw opportunities.
團隊犯規。

◎ Technical foul = A type of foul usually called because of violation or misconduct, basically unsportsmanlike conduct not involving physical contact between players.
技術犯規。比如球員對裁判出言不遜，教練在旁叫囂，都可能被判技術犯規。球員季後賽系列戰若超過七次技術犯規，就要禁賽一場。

◎ Three-point play =a 2-point field goal followed by a successful free-throw.
三分打，投籃兩分入帳後再加一次罰球入網。 

◎ Three-point shot =a field goal worth 3 points because the shooter had both feet on the floor behind the 3-point line when he released the ball; also counts if one foot is behind the line while the other is in the air.
三分投籃。

◎ Three-pointer = a field goal made from beyond the three-point line
三分球。

◎ Three-second violation = An offensive or defensive player may not stand in the lane for three seconds.
三秒違例。

◎ Throw-in =the method by which a team with possession inbounds the ball.
有球權的ㄧ方將球發入場。

◎ Tie = the finish of a game in which the winner is undecided.
平局；打平。

◎ Timeout =when play is temporarily suspended by an official or at the request of a team to respond to an injured player or discuss strategy; there are full timeouts (100 seconds) and 20-second timeouts.
暫停。NBA 有 20 秒的短暫停 (20-second timeout) 和 100 秒的長暫停 (regular timeout)。

◎ Tip-in = A field goal scored by tapping the ball into the basket with the fingertips
補籃。

◎ Tip-off =the initial jump ball that starts the game.
比賽開始時的跳球。

◎ Transition = the shift from offense to defense.
由攻轉守的過程。

◎ Traveling = a floor violation when the ball handler takes too many steps without dribbling; also called walking.
走步違例，也作 “Walking”。

◎ Triple-double = when a player scores double-digits in 3 categories during one game (points, assists and rebounds are most common, but it can also be blocks or steals); a sign of great versatility.
大三元；三雙，即三項技術統計指標超兩位數。

◎ Turnover = when the offense loses possession through its own fault by passing the ball out of bounds or committing a floor violation.
失誤，(縮寫：To.)。NBA中專門有一項資料統計叫 assist/turnover，是用這個隊員助攻數比上他的失誤數，這項統計能準確反映某位控球後衛的表現是否稱職。

◎ Uniform = clothes worn by NBA teams
制服。籃球運動員的制服當然是背心和短褲了，uniform 有時也特指背心 (Jersey)。

◎ Upset =when a higher-seeded (better) team loses to a lower-seeded (inferior) one.
種子排名較高的球隊敗給排名較低的球隊。NBA 發生過好幾次所謂的「老八傳奇」(第八種子擊敗第一種子)。 

◎ Veteran = well-experienced player
老鳥；老運動員。NBA 非常重視 veteran，各球隊都把自己的 veteran 視為財富，veteran 這個詞在 NBA 的出現機率非常高。

◎ Weak side = the side of the court away from the ball.
弱側。無球的一側為弱側。

◎ Wide open = when a player is unguarded by a defender.
無人防守。戰術配合的目的就是給隊友製造 wide open 的機會，以便讓他從容出手。

◎ Zone = a defense where each defender is responsible for an area of the court and must guard any player who enters that area; compare with man-to-man defense.
區域聯防；區域防守。也作 “Zone defense“。

◎ 1-and-1 or 1-plus-1 =in college, a free-throw attempt awarded for certain violations that earns the shooter a 2nd attempt only if the first is successful.
一加一罰球。

◎ 24-second violation = 24秒進攻違例。進攻方必須要在24秒內出手， 如果24秒鐘到了卻還沒有出手，是違例。如果及時出手了，球卻沒有碰到籃框，那也是違例。

◎ 2 on 1 = 快攻時 2 打 1。3 打 2 就叫 ‘3 on 2′。

◎ 3-second violation = 籃下三秒違例 (進攻球員不得連續待在禁區 3 秒以上，必須在 3 秒之內雙腳皆離開禁區之後才能再踏入)。

◎ 3-2 zone defense = 3 /2 區域聯防。

◎ 5-second violation = 5 秒違例。
* 防守 5 秒違例 (進攻球員被裁判認定正有防守球員看管著，但只是持球卻沒傳、沒運也沒投，那就是違例，防守方一次成功的防守獲得球權)。
* 罰球 5 秒違例 (罰球員接到球後必須在 5 秒內出手，否則該球就算違例，沒有得分。如果發生在此次罰球中的最後一球，那不僅沒得分，球還直接歸對方)。

◎ 8-second violation = 8 秒違例。
* 進攻球隊必須要在 8 秒之內把球「第一次」帶到前場，也就是 24 秒倒數計時器數到 16 時，球一定要在前場出現過。

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