kubernetes-v1.20.4 二进制部署-etcd、docker
一、前期准备
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1、生产环境可部署Kubernetes集群的两种方式
1)kubeadm:Kubeadm是一个K8s部署工具,提供kubeadm init和kubeadm join,用于快速部署Kubernetes集群。
官方地址:https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm/
2)二进制包:从github下载发行版的二进制包,手动部署每个组件,组成Kubernetes集群。
Kubeadm降低部署门槛,但屏蔽了很多细节,遇到问题很难排查。如果想更容易可控,推荐使用二进制包部署Kubernetes集群,虽然手动部署麻烦点,期间可以学习很多工作原理,也利于后期维护。
2、安装要求
1) 一台或多台机器,操作系统 CentOS7.x-86_x64
2) 硬件配置:2GB或更多RAM,2个CPU或更多CPU,硬盘30GB或更多
3) 集群中所有机器之间网络互通
4) 可以访问外网,需要拉取镜像,如果服务器不能上网,需要提前下载镜像并导入节点
5) 禁止swap分区
3、环境版本
操作系统 | CentOS7.5_x64 |
Docker | docker-20.10.5 |
Kubernetes | 1.20.4 |
4、单Master服务器规划
角色 | ip | 组件 |
k8s-master | 192.168.112.110 | kube-apiserver,kube-controller-manager,kube-scheduler,etcd |
k8s-node1 | 192.168.112.112 | kubelet,kube-proxy,docker etcd |
k8s-node2 | 192.168.112.113 | kubelet,kube-proxy,docker etcd |
5、多Master服务器规划
角色 | ip | 组件 |
k8s-master1 |
192.168.112.110 ,vip:192.168.112.120 |
kube-apiserver,kube-controller-manager,kube-scheduler,etcd, nginx,flannel |
k8s-master2 | 192.168.112.111 | kube-apiserver,kube-controller-manager,kube-scheduler,etcd, nginx,flannel |
k8s-node1 | 192.168.112.112 | kubelet,kube-proxy,docker etcd、flannel |
k8s-node2 | 192.168.112.113 | kubelet,kube-proxy,docker etcd、flannel |
k8s-node3 | 192.168.112.114 | kubelet,kube-proxy,docker etcd、flannel |
6、操作系统初始化配置
# 关闭防火墙 systemctl stop firewalld systemctl disable firewalld # 关闭selinux sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config # 永久 setenforce 0 # 临时 # 关闭swap swapoff -a # 临时 sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab # 永久 # 根据规划设置主机名 hostnamectl set-hostname <hostname> # 在master添加hosts cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF 192.168.1.71 k8s-master 192.168.1.72 k8s-node1 192.168.1.73 k8s-node2 EOF # 将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链 cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1 EOF sysctl --system # 生效 # 时间同步 yum install ntpdate -y ntpdate time.windows.com
二、部署etcd数据库
Etcd 是一个分布式键值存储系统,Kubernetes使用Etcd进行数据存储,所以先准备一个Etcd数据库,为解决Etcd单点故障,应采用集群方式部署,这里使用3台组建集群,可容忍1台机器故障,当然,你也可以使用5台组建集群,可容忍2台机器故障。
节点名称 | IP地址 |
etcd-1
|
192.168.112.110 |
etcd-2
|
192.168.112.111 |
etcd-3
|
192.168.112.112 |
注:为了节省机器,这里与k8s节点机器复用。也可以独立于k8s集群之外部署,只要apiserver能连接到就行。
1、准备cfssl证书生成工具
cfssl是一个开源的证书管理工具,使用json文件生成证书,相比openssl更方便使用。
找任意一台服务器操作,这里用Master节点。
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64 wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64 wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo
2、生成Etcd证书
mkdir -p ~/TLS/{etcd,k8s} 创建工作目录 cd ~/TLS/etcd 进入工作目录
cat > ca-config.json << EOF { "signing": { "default": { "expiry": "175200h" }, "profiles": { "www": { "expiry": "175200h", "usages": [ "signing", "key encipherment", "server auth", "client auth" ] } } } } EOF cat > ca-csr.json << EOF { "CN": "etcd CA", "key": { "algo": "rsa", "size": 2048 }, "names": [ { "C": "CN", "L": "Beijing", "ST": "Beijing" } ] } EOF
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca - 生成证书 ls *pem ca-key.pem ca.pem
3、创建证书申请文件,使用自签CA签发Etcd HTTPS证书
cat > server-csr.json << EOF { "CN": "etcd", "hosts": [ "192.168.112.110", "192.168.112.111", "192.168.112.112" ], "key": { "algo": "rsa", "size": 2048 }, "names": [ { "C": "CN", "L": "BeiJing", "ST": "BeiJing" } ] } EOF
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server 生成证书 ls server*pem server-key.pem server.pem
注:上述文件hosts字段中IP为所有etcd节点的集群内部通信IP,一个都不能少!为了方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的IP。
4、下载etcd二进制文件
下载地址:https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.9/etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
5、部署etcd
创建工作目录并解压二进制包
mkdir /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p tar zxvf etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz mv etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /opt/etcd/bin/
6、创建etcd配置文件
cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf << EOF #[Member] ETCD_NAME="etcd-1" ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd" ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.112.110:2380" ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.112.110:2379" #[Clustering] ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.112.110:2380" ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.112.110:2379" ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.112.110:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.112.111:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.112.112:2380" ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster" ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new" ETCD_HEARTBEAT_INTERVAL=100 ETCD_ELECTION_TIMEOUT=500 ETCD_SNAPSHOT_COUNT=5000 EOF ETCD_NAME:节点名称,集群中唯一 ETCD_DATA_DIR:数据目录 ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS:集群通信监听地址 ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS:客户端访问监听地址 ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS:集群通告地址 ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS:客户端通告地址 ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER:集群节点地址 ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN:集群Token ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE:加入集群的当前状态,new是新集群,existing表示加入已有集群
ETCD_HEARTBEAT_INTERVAL:参数叫心跳间隔
ETCD_ELECTION_TIMEOUT:选举超时
ETCD_SNAPSHOT_COUNT:快照时间
7、使用systemd管理etcd
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service << EOF [Unit] Description=Etcd Server After=network.target After=network-online.target Wants=network-online.target [Service] Type=notify EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd \ --cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \ --key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \ --peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \ --peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \ --trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \ --peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \ --logger=zap Restart=on-failure LimitNOFILE=65536 [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target EOF
8、拷贝刚才生成的证书,把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的路径
cp ~/TLS/etcd/ca*pem ~/TLS/etcd/server*pem /opt/etcd/ssl/
9、拷贝所有etcd文件至etcd-2,etcd-3节点
scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@192.168.112.111:/opt/ scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@192.168.112.111:/usr/lib/systemd/system/ scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@192.168.112.112:/opt/ scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@192.168.112.112:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
注:在节点2和节点3分别修改etcd.conf配置文件中的节点名称和当前服务器IP:
vi /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf #[Member] ETCD_NAME="etcd-1" #修改此处,节点2改为etcd-2,节点3改为etcd-3 ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd" ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.112.111:2380" #修改此处为当前服务器IP ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.112.111:2379" #修改此处为当前服务器IP #[Clustering] ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.112.111:2380" #修改此处为当前服务器IP ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.112.111:2379" #修改此处为当前服务器IP ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.112.110:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.112.111:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.112.112:2380" ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster" ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
10、所有服务器启动etcd
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start etcd
systemctl enable etcd
11、查看集群状态
ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.112.110:2379,https://192.168.112.111:2379,https://192.168.112.112:2379" endpoint health https://192.168.112.110:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 8.154404ms https://192.168.112.111:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 9.044117ms https://192.168.112.112:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 10.000825ms
如果输出上面信息,就说明集群部署成功。如果有问题第一步先看日志:/var/log/message 或 journalctl -u etcd
三、安装部署docker
1、下载docker
下载地址:https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/docker-20.10.5.tgz
2、解压二进制包,拷贝至其他节点
tar zxvf docker-20.10.5.tgz scp docker/* root@192.168.112.111:/usr/bin scp docker/* root@192.168.112.112:/usr/bin scp docker/* root@192.168.112.113:/usr/bin scp docker/* root@192.168.112.114:/usr/bin mv docker/* /usr/bin
3、systemd管理docker(docker节点)
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service << EOF [Unit] Description=Docker Application Container Engine Documentation=https://docs.docker.com After=network-online.target firewalld.service Wants=network-online.target [Service] Type=notify ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID LimitNOFILE=infinity LimitNPROC=infinity LimitCORE=infinity TimeoutStartSec=0 Delegate=yes KillMode=process Restart=on-failure StartLimitBurst=3 StartLimitInterval=60s [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target EOF
4、创建配置文件(docker节点)
mkdir /etc/docker cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF { "registry-mirrors": ["https://b9pmyelo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"] } EOF
5、启动并设置开机启动(docker节点)
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker