SringMVC入门程序

Spring MVC是Spring Framework的一部分，是基于Java实现MVC的轻量级Web框架

1、Spring优点

轻量级，简单易学
高效 , 基于请求响应的MVC框架
与Spring兼容性好，无缝结合
约定优于配置
功能强大：RESTful、数据验证、格式化、本地化、主题等
简洁灵活

Spring的web框架围绕DispatcherServlet [ 调度Servlet ] 设计。

DispatcherServlet的作用是将请求分发到不同的处理器。从Spring 2.5开始，使用Java 5或者以上版本的用户可以采用基于注解形式进行开发，十分简洁；

约定优于配置 . 能够进行简单的junit测试 . 支持Restful风格 .异常处理 , 本地化 , 国际化 , 数据验证 , 类型转换 , 拦截器 等等......

https://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/5.2.0.RELEASE/spring-framework-reference/web.html#spring-web

2、SpringMVC入门程序

1、创建WEB项目

创建一个子项目：

创建maven项目：

输入项目名称：

创建完成：

给项目添加web支持：

版本选择4.0或者以上：

项目目录展示：

给项目添加lib文件夹，用于存放jar包：

在WEB-INF目录下创建lib文件夹：

创建完成：运行项目时需要把jar导入到lib目录下

2、构建SpringMVC入门项目（handle）

1>：pom文件

<dependencies>
        <!--测试依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.11</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!--Spring面向切面依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
            <version>1.9.5</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--Spring依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--mysql驱动依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.47</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--mybaits依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--spring 数据操作依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--mybatis和spring整合依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.3</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.10</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
            <artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId>
            <version>9.0.27</version>
        </dependency>
        
    </dependencies>

    <!--maven 静态资源管理，主要是为了导出mapper-->
    <build>
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>false</filtering>
            </resource>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>false</filtering>
            </resource>
        </resources>
    </build>

2>：配置web.xml文件 注册DispatcherServlet

<!--1.注册DispatcherServlet-->
<servlet>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <!--关联一个springmvc的配置文件:【servlet-name】-servlet.xml-->
    <init-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <!--启动级别-1-->
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>

<!--/ 匹配所有的请求；（不包括.jsp）-->
<!--/* 匹配所有的请求；（包括.jsp）-->
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

3>：在resources目录下创建springmvc-servlet.xml 添加处理器映射器，处理器适配器，视图解析器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">

    <!--处理器映射器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/>

    <!--处理器适配器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/>

    <!--视图解析器:DispatcherServlet给他的ModelAndView-->
    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!--前缀-->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <!--后缀-->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

4>：创建controller
com\applesnt\controller\HelloController.java

package com.applesnt.controller;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

public class HelloController implements Controller {
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {

        //ModelAndView 模型和视图
        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
        //获取session
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        //把sessionid输出到页面
        mv.addObject("msg","handle版 sessionID = "+session.getId());
        //封装要跳转的视图，放在ModelAndView中  /WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp
        mv.setViewName("hello");
        return mv;
    }
}

5>：注册controller类到springmvc-servlet.xml（id为访问路径）

<bean id="/hello" class="com.applesnt.controller.HelloController"/>

6>：创建hello.jsp(controller要返回的视图)

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<%--打印controller封装的对象--%>
${msg}
</body>
</html>

7>：把jar包放到lib目录下：

8>：配置启动tomcat

9>：访问：

2、构建SpringMVC真实开发项目（注解）

1>：pom文件

<dependencies>
        <!--测试依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.11</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!--Spring面向切面依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
            <version>1.9.5</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--Spring依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--mysql驱动依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.47</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--mybaits依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--spring 数据操作依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--mybatis和spring整合依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.3</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.10</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
            <artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId>
            <version>9.0.27</version>
        </dependency>
        
    </dependencies>

    <!--maven 静态资源管理，主要是为了导出mapper-->
    <build>
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>false</filtering>
            </resource>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>false</filtering>
            </resource>
        </resources>
    </build>

2>：配置web.xml文件 注册DispatcherServlet

<!--1.注册DispatcherServlet-->
<servlet>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <!--关联一个springmvc的配置文件:【servlet-name】-servlet.xml-->
    <init-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <!--启动级别-1-->
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>

<!--/ 匹配所有的请求；（不包括.jsp）-->
<!--/* 匹配所有的请求；（包括.jsp）-->
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

3>：在resources目录下创建springmvc-servlet.xml 添加处理器映射器，处理器适配器，视图解析器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

	<!-- 自动扫描包，让指定包下的注解生效,由IOC容器统一管理 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.applesnt.controller"/>

    <!-- 让Spring MVC不处理静态资源 -->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler />

    <!--annotation-driven配置帮助我们完成处理器映射器和处理器适配器-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven />

    <!--视图解析器:DispatcherServlet给他的ModelAndView-->
    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!--前缀-->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <!--后缀-->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

4>：创建controller
com\applesnt\controller\HelloController.java

package com.applesnt.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

/*相当于在springmvc-servlet配置文件中配置了bean*/
@Controller
public class HelloController {

    /*访问路径*/
    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String t1(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Model model){

        HttpSession session = request.getSession();

        model.addAttribute("msg","注解版 sessionID = "+session.getId());

        //视图解析器 /WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp
        return "hello";
    }
}

5>：创建hello.jsp(controller要返回的视图)

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<%--打印controller封装的对象--%>
${msg}
</body>
</html>

6>：把jar包放到lib目录下：

7>：配置启动tomcat

8>：访问：