Django框架使用视图组件进行接口优化之进阶版

1.数据库models.py文件

from django.db import models


# 作者表
class Author(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    age = models.IntegerField()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


# 出版社
class Publish(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    city = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    email = models.EmailField()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


# 图书列表
class Book(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=15, decimal_places=2)
    # 外键字段
    publish = models.ForeignKey(to="Publish", related_name="book", related_query_name="book_query",
                                on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    # 多对多字段
    authors = models.ManyToManyField(to="Author")

 

2.urls.py

from django.urls import re_path
from xfzapp import views

urlpatterns = [
    re_path(r'books/$', views.BookView.as_view()),
    re_path(r'books/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.BookFilterView.as_view()),
]

 

3.views.py

from rest_framework.mixins import (
    ListModelMixin,
    CreateModelMixin,
    DestroyModelMixin,
    UpdateModelMixin,
    RetrieveModelMixin
)
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
from .models import Book
from .xfz_serializers import BookSerializer


class BookView(ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, GenericAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)


class BookFilterView(RetrieveModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, GenericAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        print(self.kwargs)
        return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)

 

4.序列化类

from rest_framework import serializers
from .models import Book


class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Book

        fields = ('title',
                  'price',
                  'publish',
                  'authors',
                  'publish_name',
                  'publish_city'
                  )
        extra_kwargs = {
            'publish_id': {'write_only': True},
            'authors_id': {'write_only': True}
        }

    publish_name = serializers.CharField(max_length=32, read_only=True, source='publish.name')
    publish_city = serializers.CharField(max_length=32, read_only=True, source='publish.city')


    authors = serializers.SerializerMethodField()

    # "get_"是固定格式,"get_"后面部分与author_list保持一致,不能随便写
    def get_authors(self, book_obj):
        # 拿到queryset开始循环 [{}, {}, {}, {}]
        author_list = list()
        for author in book_obj.authors.all():
            author_list.append(author.name)
        return author_list