ABAP-7.40新语法(一)
随着 ABAP 的迭代升级,产生了许多新语法,为了在以后的工作中提高工作效率,也为了能够看懂大佬写的代码,这边对新语发进行了一些总结,以便于学习和回顾.
数据声明
"Data Statement "before DATA text TYPE string. text = `ABC`. "740 DATA(text) = `ABC`. "Loop at into work area "before DATA wa like LINE OF itab. LOOP AT itab INTO wa. … ENDLOOP. "740 LOOP AT itab INTO DATA(wa). … ENDLOOP. "Call method "before DATA a1 TYPE … DATA a2 TYPE … oref->meth( IMPORTING p1 = a1 IMPORTING p2 = a2 ). "740 oref->meth( IMPORTING p1 = DATA(a1) IMPORTING p2 = DATA(a2) ). "Loop at assigning "before FIELD-SYMBOLS: <line> type … LOOP AT itab ASSIGNING <line>. … ENDLOOP. "740 LOOP AT itab ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<line>). … ENDLOOP. "Read assigning "before FIELD-SYMBOLS: <line> type … READ TABLE itab ASSIGNING <line>. "740 READ TABLE itab ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<line>). "Select into table "before DATA itab TYPE TABLE OF dbtab. SELECT * FROM dbtab INTO TABLE itab WHERE fld1 = lv_fld1. "740 SELECT * FROM dbtab INTO TABLE @DATA(itab) WHERE fld1 = @lv_fld1. "Select single into "before SELECT SINGLE f1 f2 FROM dbtab INTO (lv_f1, lv_f2) WHERE … WRITE: / lv_f1, lv_f2. "740 SELECT SINGLE f1 AS my_f1, F2 AS abc FROM dbtab INTO @DATA(ls_structure) WHERE … WRITE: / ls_structure-my_f1,ls_structure-abc.
内表操作表达式达式
*使用新语法，如果没找到则会抛出异常CX_SY_ITAB_LINE_NOT_FOUND "Read Table index "before READ TABLE itab INDEX idx INTO wa. "740 wa = itab[ idx ]. "Read Table using key "before READ TABLE itab INDEX idx USING KEY key INTO wa. "740 wa = itab[ KEY key INDEX idx ]. "Read Table with key "before READ TABLE itab WITH KEY col1 = … col2 = … INTO wa. "740 wa = itab[ col1 = … col2 = … ]. "Read Table with key components "before READ TABLE itab WITH TABLE KEY key COMPONENTS col1 = … col2 = … INTO wa. "740 wa = itab[ KEY key col1 = … col2 = … ]. "Does record exist? "before READ TABLE itab … TRANSPORTING NO FIELDS. IF sy-subrc = 0. … ENDIF. "740 IF line_exists( itab[ … ] ). … ENDIF. "Get table index "before DATA idx type sy-tabix. READ TABLE … TRANSPORTING NO FIELDS. idx = sy-tabix. "740 DATA(idx) = line_index( itab[ … ] ).
CONV 运算符
CONV dtype|#( … ) dtype = Type you want to convert to (显式转换) # = compiler must use the context to decide the type to convert to (隐式转换) *简单理解 DATA: LV_TEXT TYPE CHAR01, LV_STR TYPE STRING. " 显式转换：将LV_TEXT转换成STRING类型 LV_STR = CONV STRING( LV_TEXT ). " 隐式转换：将LV_TEXT转换成LV_STR的类型 LV_STR = CONV #( LV_TEXT ). "before DATA text TYPE c LENGTH 255. DATA helper TYPE string. DATA xstr TYPE xstring. helper = text. xstr = cl_abap_codepage=>convert_to( source = helper ). "740 DATA text TYPE c LENGTH 255. DATA(xstr) = cl_abap_codepage=>convert_to( source = CONV string( text ) ). OR DATA(xstr) = cl_abap_codepage=>convert_to( source = CONV #( text ) ).
VALUE 运算符
*定义 变量：VALUE dtype|#( ) 结构：VALUE dtype|#( comp1 = a1 comp2 = a2 … ) 内表：VALUE dtype|#( ( … ) ( … ) … ) … *结构赋值 TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_columns1, “Simple structure cols1 TYPE i, cols2 TYPE i, END OF ty_columns1. TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_columnns2, “Nested structure coln1 TYPE i, coln2 TYPE ty_columns1, END OF ty_columns2. DATA: struc_simple TYPE ty_columns1, struc_nest TYPE ty_columns2. struct_nest = VALUE t_struct(coln1 = 1 coln2-cols1 = 1 coln2-cols2 = 2 ). 或者 struct_nest = VALUE t_struct(coln1 = 1 coln2 = VALUE #( cols1 = 1 cols2 = 2 ) *内表赋值 " 内表 TYPES t_itab TYPE TABLE OF i WITH EMPTY KEY. DATA itab TYPE t_itab. itab = VALUE #( ( ) ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ). " Range DATA itab TYPE RANGE OF i. itab = VALUE #( sign = 'I' option = 'BT' ( low = 1 high = 10 ) ( low = 21 high = 30 ) ( low = 41 high = 50 ) option = 'GE' ( low = 61 ) )
FOR 运算符
*定义 FOR wa|<fs> IN itab [INDEX INTO idx] [cond] 循环内表itab，读取行分配给结构wa或字段符号<fs> INDEX为循环索引，赋值给idx变量，非必填 cond为循环条件 *案例一 TYPES: BEGIN OF TY_SHIP, TKNUM TYPE TKNUM, "SHIPMENT NUMBER NAME TYPE ERNAM, "NAME OF PERSON WHO CREATED THE OBJECT CITY TYPE ORT01, "STARTING CITY ROUTE TYPE ROUTE, "SHIPMENT ROUTE END OF TY_SHIP. TYPES: TY_SHIPS TYPE SORTED TABLE OF TY_SHIP WITH UNIQUE KEY TKNUM. TYPES: TY_CITYS TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF ORT01 WITH EMPTY KEY. " 这里的TY_SHIPS需要声明表类型，且要指明是否带KEY值 DATA(GT_SHIPS) = VALUE TY_SHIPS( ( TKNUM = 001 NAME = 'John' CITY = 'Melbourne' ROUTE = 'R0001' ) ( TKNUM = 002 NAME = 'Gavin' CITY = 'Sydney' ROUTE = 'R0003' ) ( TKNUM = 003 NAME = 'Lucy' CITY = 'Adelaide' ROUTE = 'R0001' ) ( TKNUM = 004 NAME = 'Elaine' CITY = 'Perth' ROUTE = 'R0003' ) ). DATA(GT_CITYS) = VALUE TY_CITYS( FOR LS_SHIP IN GT_SHIPS WHERE ( ROUTE = 'R0001' ) ( LS_SHIP-CITY ) ). CL_DEMO_OUTPUT=>DISPLAY( GT_CITYS ). *案例二 TYPES: BEGIN OF TY_INDEX, INDEX TYPE I, NAME TYPE CHAR30, END OF TY_INDEX. DATA: GT_INDEX TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF TY_INDEX. GT_INDEX = VALUE #( FOR LS_SHIP IN GT_SHIPS INDEX INTO GV_INDEX WHERE ( ROUTE = 'R0003' ) ( INDEX = GV_INDEX NAME = |NAME:{ LS_SHIP-NAME }| ) ). *案例三 TYPES: BEGIN OF TY_LINE, COL1 TYPE I, COL2 TYPE I, COL3 TYPE I, END OF TY_LINE, TY_TAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF TY_LINE WITH EMPTY KEY. DATA(GT_ITAB) = VALUE TY_TAB( FOR J = 11 THEN J + 10 UNTIL J > 40 ( COL1 = J COL2 = J + 1 COL3 = J + 2 ) ).
REDUCE 运算符
*定义 … REDUCE type( INIT result = start_value … FOR for_exp1 FOR for_exp2 … NEXT … result = iterated_value … ) *案例1 TYPES: BEGIN OF TY_LINE, COL1 TYPE I, END OF TY_LINE, TY_TAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF TY_LINE WITH EMPTY KEY. DATA(GT_ITAB) = VALUE TY_TAB( FOR J = 1 THEN J + 1 UNTIL J > 10 ( COL1 = J ) ). DATA(LV_SUM) = REDUCE I( INIT X = 0 FOR LS_ITAB IN GT_ITAB NEXT X = X + LS_ITAB-COL1 ). CL_DEMO_OUTPUT=>DISPLAY( LV_SUM ). *案例2 YPES OUTREF TYPE REF TO IF_DEMO_OUTPUT. DATA(OUTPUT) = REDUCE OUTREF( INIT OUT = CL_DEMO_OUTPUT=>NEW( ) TEXT = `Count up:` FOR N = 1 THEN N + 2 UNTIL N > 11 NEXT OUT = OUT->WRITE( TEXT ) TEXT = |{ N }| ). OUTPUT->DISPLAY( ).
COND 操作符
*定义 … COND dtype|#( WHEN log_exp1 THEN result1 [ WHEN log_exp2 THEN result2 ] … [ ELSE resultn ] ) … *案例1 DATA(TIME) = COND STRING( WHEN SY-TIMLO < '120000' THEN |{ SY-TIMLO TIME = ISO } AM| WHEN SY-TIMLO > '120000' THEN |{ CONV T( SY-TIMLO - 12 * 3600 ) TIME = ISO } PM| WHEN SY-TIMLO = '120000' THEN |High Noon| ELSE |Throw Exception| ). CL_DEMO_OUTPUT=>DISPLAY( TIME ).
SWITCH 操作符
*定义 … SWITCH dtype|#( operand WHEN const1 THEN result1 [ WHEN const2 THEN result2 ] … [ ELSE resultn ] ) … *案例1 DATA(LANGU) = SWITCH #( SY-LANGU WHEN 'D' THEN 'DE' WHEN 'E' THEN 'EN' WHEN '1' THEN 'ZH' ). CL_DEMO_OUTPUT=>DISPLAY( LANGU ).
CORRESPONDING 运算符
*定义 … CORRESPONDING type( [BASE ( base )] struct|itab [mapping|except] ) *案例1 TYPES: BEGIN OF LINE1, COL1 TYPE I, COL2 TYPE I, END OF LINE1. TYPES: BEGIN OF LINE2, COL1 TYPE I, COL2 TYPE I, COL3 TYPE I, END OF LINE2. DATA(LS_LINE1) = VALUE LINE1( COL1 = 1 COL2 = 2 ). WRITE: / 'ls_line1 =' ,15 LS_LINE1-COL1, LS_LINE1-COL2. DATA(LS_LINE2) = VALUE LINE2( COL1 = 3 COL2 = 4 COL3 = 5 ). WRITE: / 'ls_line2 =' ,15 LS_LINE2-COL1, LS_LINE2-COL2, LS_LINE2-COL3. SKIP 2. LS_LINE2 = CORRESPONDING #( LS_LINE1 ). WRITE: / 'ls_line2 = CORRESPONDING #( ls_line1 )' ,70 'Result is ls_line2 = ' ,LS_LINE2-COL1, LS_LINE2-COL2, LS_LINE2-COL3. SKIP. LS_LINE2 = VALUE LINE2( COL1 = 3 COL2 = 4 COL3 = 5 ). LS_LINE2 = CORRESPONDING #( BASE ( LS_LINE2 ) LS_LINE1 ). WRITE: / 'ls_line2 = CORRESPONDING #( BASE ( ls_line2 ) ls_line1 )' , 70 'Result is ls_line2 = ' , LS_LINE2-COL1, LS_LINE2-COL2, LS_LINE2-COL3. SKIP. LS_LINE2 = VALUE LINE2( COL1 = 3 COL2 = 4 COL3 = 5 ). DATA(LS_LINE3) = CORRESPONDING LINE2( BASE ( LS_LINE2 ) LS_LINE1 ). WRITE: / 'DATA(ls_line3) = CORRESPONDING line2( BASE ( ls_line2 ) ls_line1 )' , 70 'Result is ls_line3 = ' , LS_LINE3-COL1, LS_LINE3-COL2, LS_LINE3-COL3.
*Before CLEAR ls_line2. MOVE-CORRESPONDING ls_line1 TO ls_line2. *740 根据line1的列数据匹配到line2上，如果不存在，则置为初始化 ls_line2 = CORRESPONDING #( ls_line1 ). *Before MOVE-CORRESPONDING ls_line1 TO ls_line2. *740 相当于MOVE-CORRESPONDING 在ls_line2的基础上匹配line1的数据 ls_line2 = CORRESPONDING # ( BASE ( ls_line2 ) ls_line1 ). *Before DATA: ls_line3 like ls_line2. ls_line3 = ls_line2. MOVE-CORRESPONDING ls_line1 TO ls_line2. *740 基于line2类型创建ls_line3，而且基于ls_line2数据的基础上，匹配line1数据 DATA(ls_line3) = CORRESPONDING line2 ( BASE ( ls_line2 ) ls_line1 ).
字符串处理
*定义 格式：|xxx { xxx } xxx| 固定文本放在 | | 之间 变量参数放在 { } 之间 *组合 案例1 *Before DATA lv_output TYPE string. CONCATENATE 'Hello' 'world' INTO lv_output SEPARATED BY space. *740 DATA(lv_out) = |Hello| & | | & |world|. *宽度/对齐方式/填充 WRITE / |{ 'Left' WIDTH = 20 ALIGN = LEFT PAD = '0' }|. WRITE / |{ 'Centre' WIDTH = 20 ALIGN = CENTER PAD = '0' }|. WRITE / |{ 'Right' WIDTH = 20 ALIGN = RIGHT PAD = '0' }|. *大小写 WRITE / |{ 'Text' CASE = (cl_abap_format=>c_raw) }|. WRITE / |{ 'Text' CASE = (cl_abap_format=>c_upper) }|. WRITE / |{ 'Text' CASE = (cl_abap_format=>c_lower) }|. *前导零 DATA(lv_vbeln) = '0000012345'. WRITE / |{ lv_vbeln ALPHA = OUT }|. “or ALPHA = IN to go in other direction *日期 WRITE / |{ pa_date DATE = ISO }|. “Date Format YYYY-MM-DD WRITE / |{ pa_date DATE = User }|. “As per user settings WRITE / |{ pa_date DATE = Environment }|. “As per Environment
Loop at
*定义 LOOP AT itab result [cond] GROUP BY key ( key1 = dobj1 key2 = dobj2 … [gs = GROUP SIZE] [gi = GROUP INDEX] ) [ASCENDING|DESCENDING [AS TEXT]] [WITHOUT MEMBERS] [{INTO group}|{ASSIGNING <group>}] … [LOOP AT GROUP group|<group> … ENDLOOP.] … ENDLOOP. *案例1 TYPES: BEGIN OF TY_PEOPLE, NAME TYPE CHAR30, AGE TYPE I, SEX TYPE CHAR2, ROLE TYPE CHAR10, END OF TY_PEOPLE. TYPES: TY_PEOPLE_T TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF TY_PEOPLE WITH KEY NAME. DATA: LV_AGE_SUM TYPE I, LV_AGE_AVG TYPE P DECIMALS 3. DATA(LT_PEOPLES) = VALUE TY_PEOPLE_T( ( NAME = '张三' AGE = 11 SEX = '男' ROLE = '学生') ( NAME = '李四' AGE = 12 SEX = '女' ROLE = '老师') ( NAME = '王五' AGE = 13 SEX = '男' ROLE = '学生') ( NAME = '赵六' AGE = 14 SEX = '女' ROLE = '打工人') ( NAME = '孙七' AGE = 15 SEX = '男' ROLE = '老师') ( NAME = '吴八' AGE = 16 SEX = '女' ROLE = '学生') ( NAME = '陈九' AGE = 17 SEX = '男' ROLE = '打工人') ( NAME = '华十' AGE = 18 SEX = '女' ROLE = '学生') ). "这里的排序是根据关键字来排序的 先根据ROLE，相同的ROLE再根据SEX LOOP AT LT_PEOPLES REFERENCE INTO DATA(LS_PEOPLES) GROUP BY ( ROLE = LS_PEOPLES->ROLE SEX = LS_PEOPLES->SEX SIZE = GROUP SIZE INDEX = GROUP INDEX ) DESCENDING INTO DATA(LT_GROUPS). CLEAR: LV_AGE_SUM. WRITE: / |Group: { LT_GROUPS-INDEX } Role: { LT_GROUPS-ROLE WIDTH = 15 } Sex: { LT_GROUPS-SEX WIDTH = 10 } Number in this role: { LT_GROUPS-SIZE }|. LOOP AT GROUP LT_GROUPS INTO DATA(LS_GROUPS). LV_AGE_SUM = LV_AGE_SUM + LS_GROUPS-AGE. WRITE: /25 LS_GROUPS-NAME. ENDLOOP. LV_AGE_AVG = LV_AGE_SUM / LT_GROUPS-SIZE. WRITE: / |Average age: { LV_AGE_AVG }|. SKIP. ENDLOOP.
Filter 运算符
*定义 … FILTER type( itab [EXCEPT] [IN ftab] [USING KEY keyname] WHERE c1 op f1 [AND c2 op f2 […]] ) *案例 TYPES: BEGIN OF TY_FILTER, CITYFROM TYPE SPFLI-CITYFROM, CITYTO TYPE SPFLI-CITYTO, F3 TYPE I, END OF TY_FILTER, TY_FILTER_TAB TYPE HASHED TABLE OF TY_FILTER WITH UNIQUE KEY CITYFROM CITYTO. DATA: LT_SPLFI TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF SPFLI. SELECT * FROM SPFLI APPENDING TABLE LT_SPLFI. DATA(LT_FILTER) = VALUE TY_FILTER_TAB( F3 = 2 ( CITYFROM = 'NEW YORK' CITYTO = 'SAN FRANCISCO' ) ( CITYFROM = 'FRANKFURT' CITYTO = 'NEW YORK' ) ). DATA(LT_MYRECS) = FILTER #( LT_SPLFI IN LT_FILTER WHERE CITYFROM = CITYFROM AND CITYTO = CITYTO ). "OUTPUT FILTERED RECORDS WRITE: / 'Carrid', 8 'CityFrom', 30 'CityTo', 45 'Deptime'. LOOP AT LT_MYRECS ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<LS_REC>). WRITE: / <LS_REC>-CARRID,8 <LS_REC>-CITYFROM,30 <LS_REC>-CITYTO,45 <LS_REC>-DEPTIME. ENDLOOP.
例程转换
X = |{ X ALPHA = OUT }|
X= |{ X ALPHA = IN }|
转载于:https://blog.csdn.net/wx774891/article/details/122364453
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