Timeline of programming languages
Timeline of programming languages
This is a record of historically important programming languages, by decade. (下面基本都是十年为一个周期进行记录)
本页面来自: https://codedocs.org/what-is/timeline-of-programming-languages
Pre-1950
| 年份 | 名称 | 公司首席开发人员 | 前任 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1804 | Jacquard machine | Joseph Marie Jacquard | 无（独特的语言） |
| 1943–45 | Plankalkül (year of conceptualization) | Konrad Zuse | 无（独特的语言） |
| 1943–46 | ENIAC编码系统 | John von Neumann, John Mauchly, J. Presper Eckert, Herman Goldstine after Alan Turing. ENIAC 的第一批程序员是 Kay McNulty, Betty Jennings, Betty Snyder, Marlyn Meltzer, Fran Bilas, and Ruth Lichterman. |
无（独特的语言） |
| 1946 | ENIAC Short Code | Richard Clippinger, John von Neumann after Alan Turing | ENIAC编码系统 |
| 1946 | Von Neumann and Goldstine graphing system (Notation) 冯诺依曼和戈德斯汀图形系统（符号） |
John von Neumann and Herman Goldstine |
ENIAC编码系统 |
| 1947 | ARC Assembly | Kathleen Booth[1][2] | ENIAC编码系统 |
| 1948 | CPC Coding scheme | Howard H. Aiken | Analytical Engine order code |
| 1948 | Curry notation system | Haskell Curry | ENIAC编码系统 |
| 1948 | Plankalkül (year of concept publication) | Konrad Zuse | 无（独特的语言） |
| 1949 | EDSAC Initial Orders | David Wheeler | ENIAC编码系统 |
| 1949 | Short Code | John Mauchly and William F. Schmitt | ENIAC 短代码 |
1950s(十九世纪五十年代)
| Year | Name | Chief developer, company | Predecessor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | Short Code | William F. Schmidt, Albert B. Tonik,[3] J. R. Logan | Brief Code |
| 1950 | Birkbeck Assembler | Kathleen Booth | ARC |
| 1951 | Superplan | Heinz Rutishauser | Plankalkül |
| 1951 | ALGAE | Edward A. Voorhees and Karl Balke | 无（独特的语言） |
| 1951 | Intermediate Programming Language | Arthur Burks | Short Code |
| 1951 | Regional Assembly Language | Maurice Wilkes | EDSAC |
| 1951 | Boehm unnamed coding system | Corrado Böhm | CPC Coding scheme |
| 1951 | Klammerausdrücke | Konrad Zuse | Plankalkül |
| 1951 | OMNIBAC Symbolic Assembler | Charles Katz | Short Code |
| 1951 | Stanislaus (Notation) | Fritz Bauer | 无（独特的语言） |
| 1951 | Whirlwind assembler | Charles Adams and Jack Gilmore at MIT Project Whirlwind | EDSAC |
| 1951 | Rochester assembler | Nat Rochester | EDSAC |
| 1951 | Sort Merge Generator | Betty Holberton | 无（独特的语言） |
| 1952 | A-0 | Grace Hopper | Short Code |
| 1952 | Glennie Autocode | Alick Glennie after Alan Turing | CPC Coding scheme |
| 1952 | Operator programming | Alexey Andreevich Lyapunov with the participation Kateryna Yushchenko | MESM |
| 1952 | Editing Generator | Milly Koss | SORT/MERGE |
| 1952 | COMPOOL | RAND/SDC | 无（独特的语言） |
| 1953 | Speedcoding | John W. Backus | 无（独特的语言） |
| 1953 | READ/PRINT | Don Harroff, James Fishman, George Ryckman | 无（独特的语言） |
| 1954 | Laning and Zierler system | Laning, Zierler, Adams at MIT Project Whirlwind | none (unique language) |
| 1954 | Mark I Autocode | Tony Brooker | Glennie Autocode |
| 1954–55 | FORTRAN (concept) | Team led by John W. Backus at IBM | Speedcoding |
| 1954 | ARITH-MATIC | Team led by Grace Hopper at UNIVAC | A-0 |
| 1954 | MATH-MATIC | Team led by Charles Katz | A-0 |
| 1954 | MATRIX MATH | H G Kahrimanian | none (unique language) |
| 1954 | IPL I (concept) | Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, Herbert A. Simon | none (unique language) |
| 1955 | Address programming language
(with Pointers) |
Kateryna Yushchenko | Operator programming - Alexey Andreevich Lyapunov & Kateryna Yushchenko & MESM |
| 1955 | FLOW-MATIC | Team led by Grace Hopper at UNIVAC | A-0 |
| 1955 | BACAIC | M. Grems and R. Porter | |
| 1955 | PACT I | SHARE | FORTRAN, A-2 |
| 1955 | Freiburger Code[4][5] | University of Freiburg | N/A |
| 1955–56 | Sequentielle Formelübersetzung | Fritz Bauer and Karl Samelson | Boehm |
| 1955–56 | IT | Team led by Alan Perlis | Laning and Zierler |
| 1955 | IBM | ||
| 1958 | IPL II (implementation) | Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, Herbert A. Simon | IPL I |
| 1956–58 | LISP (concept) | John McCarthy | IPL |
| 1957 | COMTRAN | Bob Bemer | FLOW-MATIC |
| 1957 | GEORGE | Charles Leonard Hamblin | none (unique language) |
| 1957 | FORTRAN I (implementation) | John W. Backus at IBM | FORTRAN |
| 1957–58 | UNICODE | Remington Rand UNIVAC | MATH-MATIC |
| 1957 | COMIT (concept) | Victor Yngve | none (unique language) |
| 1958 | FORTRAN II | Team led by John W. Backus at IBM | FORTRAN I |
| 1958 | ALGOL 58 (IAL) | ACM/GAMM | FORTRAN, IT, Sequentielle Formelübersetzung |
| 1958 | IPL V | Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, Herbert A. Simon | IPL II |
| 1959 | APT | Douglas T. Ross | |
| 1959 | FACT | Fletcher R. Jones, Roy Nutt, Robert L. Patrick | none (unique language) |
| 1959 | COBOL (concept) | The CODASYL Committee | FLOW-MATIC, COMTRAN, FACT |
| 1959 | JOVIAL | Jules Schwartz at SDC | ALGOL 58 |
| 1959 | LISP (implementation) | John McCarthy | IPL |
| 1959 | MAD – Michigan Algorithm Decoder | Bruce Arden, Bernard Galler, and Robert M. Graham | ALGOL 58 |
| 1959 | TRAC (concept) | Calvin Mooers | |
| Year | Name | Chief developer, company | Predecessor(s) |
1960s(十九世纪60年代)
| Year | Name | Chief developer, company | Predecessor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1960 | ALGOL 60 | ALGOL 58 | |
| 1960 | COBOL 61 (implementation) | The CODASYL Committee | FLOW-MATIC, COMTRAN |
| 1961 | COMIT (implementation) | Victor Yngve | none (unique language) |
| 1961 | GPSS | Geoffrey Gordon, IBM | none (unique language) |
| 1962 | FORTRAN IV | IBM | FORTRAN II |
| 1962 | APL (concept) | Kenneth E. Iverson | none (unique language) |
| 1962 | Simula (concept) | ALGOL 60 | |
| 1962 | SNOBOL | Ralph Griswold, et al. | FORTRAN II, COMIT |
| 1963 | CPL | Barron, Christopher Strachey, et al. | ALGOL 60 |
| 1963 | SNOBOL3 | Griswold, et al. | SNOBOL |
| 1963 | ALGOL 68 (concept) | Adriaan van Wijngaarden, et al. | ALGOL 60 |
| 1963 | JOSS I | Cliff Shaw, RAND | ALGOL 58 |
| 1964 | MIMIC | H. E. Petersen, et al. | MIDAS |
| 1964 | COWSEL | Rod Burstall, Robin Popplestone | CPL, LISP |
| 1964 | PL/I (concept) | IBM | ALGOL 60, COBOL, FORTRAN |
| 1964 | BASIC | John George Kemeny and Thomas Eugene Kurtz at Dartmouth College | FORTRAN II, JOSS |
| 1964 | IBM RPG | IBM | FARGO |
| 1964 | Mark-IV | Informatics | |
| 1964 | Speakeasy-2 | Stanley Cohen at Argonne National Laboratory | Speakeasy |
| 1964 | TRAC (implementation) | Calvin Mooers | |
| 1964 | P′′ | Corrado Böhm | none (unique language) |
| 1964? | IITRAN | ||
| 1965 | RPG II | IBM | FARGO, RPG |
| 1965 | MAD/I (concept) | University of Michigan | MAD, ALGOL 60, PL/I |
| 1965 | TELCOMP | BBN | JOSS |
| 1965 | Atlas Autocode | Tony Brooker, Derrick Morris at Manchester University | Algol 60, Autocode |
| 1966 | JOSS II | Chuck Baker, RAND | JOSS I |
| 1966 | ALGOL W | Niklaus Wirth, C. A. R. Hoare | ALGOL 60 |
| 1966 | FORTRAN 66 | FORTRAN IV | |
| 1966 | ISWIM (Concept) | Peter J. Landin | LISP |
| 1966 | CORAL66 | ALGOL 60 | |
| 1966 | APL (implementation)[6] | Kenneth E. Iverson | none (unique language) |
| 1967 | BCPL | Martin Richards | CPL |
| 1967 | MUMPS | Massachusetts General Hospital | FORTRAN, TELCOMP |
| 1967 | Simula 67 (implementation) | Ole-Johan Dahl, Bjørn Myhrhaug, Kristen Nygaard at Norsk Regnesentral | ALGOL 60 |
| 1967 | InterLisp | D.G. Bobrow and D.L. Murphy | Lisp |
| 1967 | EXAPT | Herwart Opitz, Wilhelm Simon, Günter Spur, and Gottfried Stute at RWTH Aachen University and TU Berlin | APT |
| 1967 | SNOBOL4 | Ralph Griswold, et al. | SNOBOL3 |
| 1967 | XPL | William M. McKeeman, et al. at University of California, Santa Cruz J. J. Horning, et al. at Stanford University |
PL/I |
| 1967 | Space Programming Language (SPL) | System Development Corporation | JOVIAL |
| 1968 | ALGOL 68 (UNESCO/IFIP standard) | Adriaan van Wijngaarden, Barry J. Mailloux, John E. L. Peck and Cornelis H. A. Koster, et al. | ALGOL 60 |
| 1968 | POP-1 | Rod Burstall, Robin Popplestone | COWSEL |
| 1968 | DIBOL-8 | DEC | DIBOL |
| 1968 | Forth (concept) | Moore | |
| 1968 | LOGO | Wally Feurzeig, Seymour Papert, Cynthia Solomon | LISP |
| 1968 | MAPPER | Unisys | CRT RPS |
| 1968 | REFAL (implementation) | Valentin Turchin | none (unique language) |
| 1968 | TTM (implementation) | Steven Caine and E. Kent Gordon, California Institute of Technology | GAP, GPM |
| 1968 | PILOT | John Amsden Starkweather, University of California, San Francisco | Computest |
| 1969 | PL/I (implementation) | IBM | ALGOL 60, COBOL, FORTRAN |
| 1969 | B | Ken Thompson, with contributions from Dennis Ritchie | BCPL |
| 1969 | Polymorphic Programming Language (PPL) | Thomas A. Standish at Harvard University | |
| 1969 | SETL | Jack Schwartz at Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences | ALGOL 60 |
| 1969 | TUTOR | Paul Tenczar & University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign | |
| 1969 | Edinburgh IMP | Edinburgh University | Algol 60, Autocode, Atlas Autocode |
| Year | Name | Chief developer, company | Predecessor(s) |
1970s(十九世纪七十年代)
| Year | Name | Chief developer, company | Predecessor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | Forth (implementation) | Charles H. Moore | |
| 1970 | POP-2 | Robin Popplestone | POP-1 |
| 1970 | SAIL | Dan Swinehart and Bob Sproull | ALGOL-60 |
| 1970 | Pascal | Niklaus Wirth, Kathleen Jensen | ALGOL 60, ALGOL W |
| 1970 | BLISS | Wulf, Russell, Habermann at Carnegie Mellon University | ALGOL |
| 1971 | KRL | Daniel G. Bobrow at Xerox PARC, Terry Winograd at Stanford University | KM, FRL (MIT) |
| 1971 | Sue | Ric Holt et al. at University of Toronto | Pascal, XPL |
| 1971 | Compiler Description Language (CDL) | Cornelis H.A. Koster at University of Nijmegen | |
| 1972 | Smalltalk-72 | Alan Kay, Adele Goldberg, Dan Ingalls, Xerox PARC | Simula 67 |
| 1972 | PL/M | Gary Kildall at Digital Research | PL/I, ALGOL, XPL |
| 1972 | K&R C | Dennis Ritchie | B, BCPL, ALGOL 68 |
| 1972 | INTERCAL | Don Woods and James M. Lyon | none (unique language) |
| 1972 | Prolog | Alain Colmerauer | 2-level W-Grammar |
| 1972 | Structured Query language (SQL) | IBM | ALPHA, Quel (Ingres) |
| 1973 | COMAL | Børge Christensen, Benedict Løfstedt | Pascal, BASIC |
| 1973 | ML | Robin Milner | |
| 1973 | LIS | Jean Ichbiah et al. at CII Honeywell Bull | Pascal, Sue |
| 1973 | Speakeasy-3 | Stanley Cohen, Steven Pieper at Argonne National Laboratory | Speakeasy-2 |
| 1974 | CLU | Barbara Liskov | ALGOL 60, Lisp, Simula |
| 1974 | MAINSAIL | Stanford University | SAIL |
| 1974 | GRASS | Thomas A. DeFanti | BASIC |
| 1974 | BASIC FOUR | MAI BASIC Four Inc. | Business BASIC |
| 1974 | PROSE modeling language | CDC 6600 Cybernet Services | SLANG, FORTRAN |
| 1975 | ABC | Leo Geurts and Lambert Meertens | SETL |
| 1975 | Irvine Dataflow (concept) | Arvind?, University of California, Irvine | |
| 1975 | PROSE modeling language Time-Sharing Version | CDC 6400 Cybernet KRONOS Services | SLANG, FORTRAN |
| 1975 | Scheme | Gerald Jay Sussman, Guy L. Steele, Jr. | LISP |
| 1975 | Altair BASIC | Bill Gates, Paul Allen | BASIC |
| 1975 | CS-4 | James S. Miller, Benjamin M. Brosgol et al. at Intermetrics | ALGOL 68, BLISS, ECL, HAL |
| 1975 | Modula | Niklaus Wirth | Pascal |
| 1976 | Plus | Allan Ballard, Paul Whaley at the University of British Columbia | Pascal, Sue |
| 1976 | Smalltalk-76 | Xerox PARC | Smalltalk-72 |
| 1976 | Mesa | Xerox PARC | ALGOL |
| 1976 | SAM76 | Claude A.R. Kagan | LISP, TRAC |
| 1976 | Ratfor | Brian Kernighan | C, FORTRAN |
| 1976 | S | John Chambers at Bell Labs | APL, PPL, Scheme |
| 1976 | SAS | SAS Institute | |
| 1976 | Integer BASIC | Steve Wozniak | BASIC |
| 1977 | FP | John Backus | none (unique language) |
| 1977 | Bourne Shell (sh) | Stephen R. Bourne | none (unique language) |
| 1977 | Commodore BASIC | Jack Tramiel | BASIC |
| 1977 | IDL | David Stern of Research Systems Inc | Fortran |
| 1977 | Standard MUMPS | MUMPS | |
| 1977 | Icon (concept) | Ralph Griswold | SNOBOL |
| 1977 | Red | Benjamin M. Brosgol et al. at Intermetrics for US Dept of Defense | ALGOL 68, CS-4 |
| 1977 | Blue | John B. Goodenough[7][8]et al. at SofTech for US Dept of Defense | ALGOL 68 |
| 1977 | Yellow | Jay Spitzen et al. at SRI International for US Dept of Defense | ALGOL 68 |
| 1977 | Euclid | Butler Lampson at Xerox Parc, Ric Holt and James Cordy at University of Toronto | |
| 1977 | Applesoft BASIC | Marc McDonald and Ric Weiland | BASIC |
| 1978 | RAPT | Pat Ambler and Robin Popplestone | APT |
| 1978 | C shell | Bill Joy | C |
| 1978 | RPG III | IBM | FARGO, RPG, RPG II |
| 1978 | HAL/S | designed by Intermetrics for NASA | XPL |
| 1978 | Applesoft II BASIC | Marc McDonald and Ric Weiland | Applesoft BASIC |
| 1975 | Irvine Dataflow (implementation) | Arvind and Gostelow, University of California, Irvine | |
| 1978? | MATLAB | Cleve Moler at the University of New Mexico | Fortran |
| 1978? | SMALL | Nevil Brownlee at the University of Auckland | Algol60 |
| 1978 | VisiCalc | Dan Bricklin, Bob Frankston marketed by VisiCorp | none (unique language) |
| 1979 | Modula-2 | Niklaus Wirth | Modula, Mesa |
| 1979 | REXX | Mike Cowlishaw at IBM | PL/I, BASIC, EXEC 2 |
| 1979 | AWK | Alfred Aho, Peter J. Weinberger, Brian Kernighan | C, SNOBOL |
| 1979 | Icon (implementation) | Ralph Griswold | SNOBOL |
| 1979 | Vulcan dBase-II | Wayne Ratliff | none (unique language) |
| Year | Name | Chief developer, company | Predecessor(s) |
1980s(十九世纪八十年代)
| Year | Name | Chief developer, company | Predecessor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1980 | Ada 80 (MIL-STD-1815) | Jean Ichbiah at CII Honeywell Bull | Green |
| 1980 | C with classes | Bjarne Stroustrup[9] | C, Simula 67 |
| 1980 | Applesoft III | Apple Computer | Applesoft II BASIC |
| 1980 | Apple III Microsoft BASIC | Microsoft | Microsoft BASIC |
| 1980–81 | CBASIC | Gordon Eubanks | BASIC, Compiler Systems, Digital Research |
| 1980 | Smalltalk-80 | Adele Goldberg at Xerox Parc | Smalltalk-76 |
| 1981 | BBC BASIC | Acorn Computers, Sophie Wilson | BASIC |
| 1981 | IBM BASICA | Microsoft | BASIC |
| 1982? | Speakeasy-IV | Stanley Cohen, et al. at Speakeasy Computing Corporation | Speakeasy-3 |
| 1982? | Draco | Chris Gray | Pascal, C, ALGOL 68 |
| 1982 | PostScript | Warnock | InterPress |
| 1982 | Turing | Ric Holt and James Cordy, at University of Toronto | Euclid |
| 1983 | GW-BASIC | Microsoft | IBM BASICA |
| 1983 | Turbo Pascal | Hejlsberg at Borland | Pascal |
| 1983 | Ada 83 (ANSI/MIL-STD-1815A) | Jean Ichbiah at Alsys | Ada 80, Green |
| 1983 | Objective-C | Brad Cox | Smalltalk, C |
| 1983 | C++ | Bjarne Stroustrup | C with Classes |
| 1983 | True BASIC | John George Kemeny, Thomas Eugene Kurtz at Dartmouth College | BASIC |
| 1983 | occam | David May | EPL |
| 1983? | ABAP | SAP AG | COBOL |
| 1983 | KornShell (ksh) | David Korn | sh |
| 1983 | Clascal | Apple Computer Inc. | Pascal |
| 1984 | CLIPPER | Nantucket | dBase |
| 1984 | Common Lisp | Guy L. Steele, Jr. and many others | LISP |
| 1984 | Coq | INRIA | |
| 1984 | RPL | Hewlett-Packard | Forth, Lisp |
| 1984 | Standard ML | ML | |
| 1984 | Redcode | Alexander Dewdney and D.G. Jones | |
| 1984 | OPL | Psion | BASIC |
| 1985 | PARADOX | Borland | dBase |
| 1985 | QuickBASIC | Microsoft | BASIC |
| 1986 | Clarion | Bruce Barrington | |
| 1986 | CorVision | Cortex | INFORM |
| 1986 | Eiffel | Bertrand Meyer | Simula 67, Ada |
| 1986 | GFA BASIC | Frank Ostrowski | BASIC |
| 1986 | Informix-4GL | Informix | |
| 1986 | LabVIEW | National Instruments | |
| 1986 | Miranda | David Turner at University of Kent | |
| 1986 | Object Pascal | Apple Computer Inc. | Pascal |
| 1986 | PROMAL | C | |
| 1986 | Erlang | Joe Armstrong and others in Ericsson | Prolog |
| 1987 | Ada ISO 8652:1987 | ANSI/MIL-STD-1815A unchanged | Ada 83 |
| 1987 | Self (concept) | Sun Microsystems Inc. | Smalltalk |
| 1987 | occam 2 | David May and INMOS | occam |
| 1987 | HyperTalk | Apple Computer Inc. | none (unique language) |
| 1987 | Perl | Larry Wall | C, sed, awk, sh |
| 1987 | Oberon | Niklaus Wirth | Modula-2 |
| 1987 | Mathematica (Wolfram Language) | Wolfram Research | none (unique language) |
| 1987 | Turbo Basic | Robert 'Bob' Zale | BASIC/Z |
| 1987 | Clean | Software Technology Research Group of Radboud University Nijmegen | none (unique language) |
| 1988 | Octave | MATLAB | |
| 1988 | Tcl | John Ousterhout | Awk, Lisp |
| 1988 | STOS BASIC | François Lionet and Constantin Sotiropoulos | BASIC |
| 1988 | Actor | Charles Duff, the Whitewater Group | Forth, Smalltalk |
| 1988 | Object REXX | Simon C. Nash | REXX, Smalltalk |
| 1988 | SPARK | Bernard A. Carré | Ada |
| 1988 | A+ | Arthur Whitney | APL |
| 1988 | Hamilton C shell | Nicole Hamilton | C shell |
| 1988-1989 | C90 | C90 ISO/IEC 9899:1990 | |
| 1989 | Turbo Pascal OOP | Anders Hejlsberg at Borland | Turbo Pascal, Object Pascal |
| 1989 | Modula-3 | Cardeli, et al. DEC and Olivetti | Modula-2 |
| 1989 | PowerBASIC | Robert 'Bob' Zale | Turbo Basic |
| 1989 | VisSim | Peter Darnell, Visual Solutions | |
| 1989 | LPC | Lars Pensjö | |
| 1989 | Bash | Brian Fox | Bourne shell, C shell, KornShell |
| 1989 | Magik | Arthur Chance, of Smallworld Systems Ltd | Smalltalk |
| Year | Name | Chief developer, company | Predecessor(s) |
1990s（十九世纪九十年代）
| Year | Name | Chief developer, company | Predecessor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | Sather | Steve Omohundro | Eiffel |
| 1990 | AMOS BASIC | François Lionet and Constantin Sotiropoulos | STOS BASIC |
| 1990 | AMPL | Robert Fourer, David Gay and Brian Kernighan at Bell Laboratories | |
| 1990 | Object Oberon | H Mössenböck, J Templ, R Griesemer | Oberon |
| 1990 | J | Kenneth E. Iverson, Roger Hui at Iverson Software | APL, FP |
| 1990 | Haskell | Miranda | |
| 1990 | EuLisp | Common Lisp, Scheme | |
| 1990 | Z Shell (zsh) | Paul Falstad at Princeton University | ksh |
| 1991 | GNU E | David J. DeWitt, Michael J. Carey | C++ |
| 1991 | Oberon-2 | Hanspeter Mössenböck, Wirth | Object Oberon |
| 1991 | Oz | Gert Smolka and his students | Prolog |
| 1991 | Q | Albert Gräf | |
| 1991 | Python | Guido van Rossum | ABC, C |
| 1991 | Visual Basic | Alan Cooper, sold to Microsoft | QuickBASIC |
| 1992 | Borland Pascal | Turbo Pascal OOP | |
| 1992 | Dylan | many people at Apple Computer Inc. | Common Lisp, Scheme |
| 1992 | S-Lang | John E. Davis | PostScript |
| 1993? | Self (implementation) | Sun Microsystems Inc. | Smalltalk |
| 1993 | Amiga E | Wouter van Oortmerssen | DEX, C, Modula-2 |
| 1993 | Brainfuck | Urban Müller | P'′ |
| 1993 | LiveCode Transcript | HyperTalk | |
| 1993 | AppleScript | Apple Computer Inc. | HyperTalk |
| 1993 | K | Arthur Whitney | APL, Lisp |
| 1993 | Lua | Roberto Ierusalimschy et al. at Tecgraf, PUC-Rio | Scheme, SNOBOL, Modula, CLU, C++ |
| 1993 | R | Robert Gentleman and Ross Ihaka | S |
| 1993 | ZPL | Chamberlain et al. at University of Washington | C |
| 1993 | NewtonScript | Walter Smith | Self, Dylan |
| 1993 | Euphoria | Robert Craig | SNOBOL, AWK, ABC, Icon, Python |
| 1994 | Claire | Yves Caseau | Smalltalk, SETL, OPS5, Lisp, ML, C, LORE, LAURE |
| 1994 | ANSI Common Lisp | Common Lisp | |
| 1994 | RAPID | ABB Group | ARLA |
| 1994 | Pike | Fredrik Hübinette et al. at Linköping University | LPC, C, µLPC |
| 1994 | ANS Forth | Elizabeth Rather, et al. | Forth |
| 1995 | Ada 95 | S. Tucker Taft, et al. at Intermetrics, Inc. | Ada 83 |
| 1995 | Borland Delphi | Anders Hejlsberg at Borland | Borland Pascal |
| 1995 | ColdFusion (CFML) | Allaire | |
| 1995 | Java | James Gosling at Sun Microsystems | C, Simula 67, C++, Smalltalk, Ada 83, Objective-C, Mesa |
| 1995 | LiveScript | Brendan Eich at Netscape | Self, C, Scheme |
| 1995 | Mercury | Zoltan Somogyi at University of Melbourne | Prolog, Hope, Haskell |
| 1995 | PHP | Rasmus Lerdorf | Perl |
| 1995 | Ruby | Yukihiro Matsumoto | Smalltalk, Perl |
| 1995 | JavaScript | Brendan Eich at Netscape | LiveScript |
| 1995 | Racket | Matthew Flatt at Rice University | Scheme, Lisp |
| 1996 | Curl | David Kranz, Steve Ward, Chris Terman at MIT | Lisp, C++, Tcl/Tk, TeX, HTML |
| 1996 | Lasso | Blue World Communications Inc. | |
| 1996 | Perl Data Language (PDL) | Karl Glazebrook, Jarle Brinchmann, Tuomas Lukka, and Christian Soeller | APL, Perl |
| 1996 | VBScript | Microsoft | Visual Basic |
| 1996 | OCaml | INRIA | Caml Light, Standard ML |
| 1996 | NetRexx | Mike Cowlishaw | REXX |
| 1997 | Component Pascal | Oberon microsystems, Inc | Oberon-2 |
| 1997 | E | Mark S. Miller | Joule, Original-E |
| 1997 | Pico | Free University of Brussels | Scheme |
| 1997 | Squeak | Alan Kay, et al. at Apple Computer Inc. | Smalltalk-80, Self |
| 1997 | ECMAScript | ECMA TC39-TG1 | JavaScript |
| 1997 | F-Script | Philippe Mougin | Smalltalk, APL, Objective-C |
| 1997 | ISLISP | ISO Standard ISLISP | Common Lisp |
| 1997 | Tea | Jorge Nunes | Java, Scheme, Tcl |
| 1997 | REBOL | Carl Sassenrath, Rebol Technologies | Self, Forth, Lisp, Logo |
| 1998 | Logtalk | Paulo Moura (then at University of Coimbra) | Prolog |
| 1998 | ActionScript | Gary Grossman | ECMAScript |
| 1998 | Standard C++ | ANSI/ISO Standard C++ | C++, Standard C, C |
| 1998 | M2001 | Ronald E. Prather, Trinity University (Texas) | none (unique language) |
| 1998 | PureBasic | Frederic Laboureur, Fantaisie Software | |
| 1998 | UnrealScript | Tim Sweeney at Epic Games | C++, Java |
| 1998 | XSLT (+ XPath) | W3C, James Clark | DSSSL |
| 1998 | Xojo (REALbasic at the time) | Xojo, Inc., Andrew Barry | Visual Basic |
| 1999 | C99 | C99 ISO/IEC 9899:1999 | |
| 1999 | Gambas | Benoît Minisini | Visual Basic, Java |
| 1999 | Game Maker Language (GML) | Mark Overmars | Game Maker |
| 1999 | Harbour | Antonio Linares | dBase, Clipper |
| Year | Name | Chief developer, company | Predecessor(s) |
2000s(二十世纪初)
| Year | Name | Chief developer, company | Predecessor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | Join Java | G Stewart von Itzstein | Java |
| 2000 | DarkBasic | The Game Creators | |
| 2000 | C# | Anders Hejlsberg, Microsoft (ECMA) | C, C++, Java, Delphi, Modula-2 |
| 2001 | Joy | Manfred von Thun | FP, Forth |
| 2001 | AspectJ | Gregor Kiczales, Xerox PARC | Java, Common Lisp |
| 2001 | D | Walter Bright, Digital Mars | C, C++, C#, Java |
| 2001 | Processing | Casey Reas and Benjamin Fry | Java, C, C++[10] |
| 2001 | Visual Basic .NET | Microsoft | Visual Basic |
| 2001 | GDScript (GDS) | Juan Linietsky, Ariel Manzur (OKAM Studio) | Godot |
| 2001 | Shakespeare Programming Language | Jon Åslund and Karl Hasselström. | |
| 2002 | Io | Steve Dekorte | Self, NewtonScript, Lua |
| 2002 | Gosu | Guidewire Software | GScript |
| 2002 | Scratch | Mitchel Resnick, John Maloney, Natalie Rusk, Evelyn Eastmond, Tammy Stern, Amon Millner, Jay Silver, and Brian Silverman | Logo, Smalltalk, Squeak, E-Toys, HyperCard, AgentSheets, StarLogo, Tweak, BYOB |
| 2003 | Nemerle | University of Wrocław | C#, ML, MetaHaskell |
| 2003 | Factor | Slava Pestov | Joy, Forth, Lisp |
| 2003 | Scala | Martin Odersky | Smalltalk, Java, Haskell, Standard ML, OCaml |
| 2003 | C++03 | C++ ISO/IEC 14882:2003 | C++, Standard C, C |
| 2003 | Squirrel | Alberto Demichelis | Lua |
| 2003 | Boo | Rodrigo B. de Oliveira | Python, C# |
| 2004 | Subtext | Jonathan Edwards | none (unique language) |
| 2004 | Alma-0 | Krzysztof Apt, Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica | none (unique language) |
| 2004 | FreeBASIC | Andre Victor | QBasic |
| 2004 | Groovy | James Strachan | Java |
| 2004 | Little b | Aneil Mallavarapu, Harvard Medical School, Department of Systems Biology | Lisp |
| 2005 | Fantom | Brian Frank, Andy Frank | C#, Scala, Ruby, Erlang |
| 2005 | F# | Don Syme, Microsoft Research | OCaml, C#, Haskell |
| 2005 | Haxe | Nicolas Cannasse | ActionScript, OCaml, Java |
| 2005 | Oxygene | RemObjects Software | Object Pascal, C# |
| 2005 | PWCT | Mahmoud Samir Fayed | none (unique language) |
| 2005 | Seed7 | Thomas Mertes | none (unique language) |
| 2006 | Cobra | ChuckEsterbrook | Python, C#, Eiffel, Objective-C |
| 2006 | Windows PowerShell | Microsoft | C#, ksh, Perl, CL, DCL, SQL |
| 2006 | OptimJ | Ateji | Java |
| 2006 | Fortress | Guy Steele | Scala, ML, Haskell |
| 2006 | Vala | GNOME | C# |
| 2007 | Ada 2005 | Ada Rapporteur Group | Ada 95 |
| 2007 | Agda | Ulf Norell | Coq, Epigram, Haskell |
| 2007 | QB64 | Galleon, QB64Team | QBasic |
| 2007 | Clojure | Rich Hickey | Lisp, ML, Haskell, Erlang |
| 2007 | LOLCODE | Adam Lindsay | none (unique language) |
| 2007 | Oberon-07 | Wirth | Oberon |
| 2007 | Swift (parallel scripting language) | University of Chicago, Argonne National Laboratory | |
| 2008 | Nim | Andreas Rumpf | Python, Lisp, Object Pascal |
| 2008 | Genie | Jamie McCracken | Python, Boo, D, Object Pascal |
| 2008 | Pure | Albert Gräf | Q |
| 2009 | Chapel | Brad Chamberlain, Cray Inc. | HPF, ZPL |
| 2009 | Go | C, Oberon, Limbo, Smalltalk | |
| 2009 | CoffeeScript | Jeremy Ashkenas | JavaScript, Ruby, Python, Haskell |
| 2009 | Idris | Edwin Brady | Haskell, Agda, Coq |
| 2009 | Parasail | S. Tucker Taft, AdaCore | Modula, Ada, Pascal, ML |
| 2009 | Whiley | David J. Pearce | Java, C, Python |
| 2009 | Dafny | K. Rustan M. Leino | Java, Spec# |
| Year | Name | Chief developer, company | Predecessor(s) |
2010s(2010-2019)
| Year | Name | Chief developer, company | Predecessor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 | Rust | Graydon Hoare, Mozilla | Alef, C++, Camlp4, Erlang, Hermes, Limbo, Napier, Napier88, Newsqueak, NIL, Sather, Standard ML |
| 2011 | C11 | C11 ISO/IEC 9899:2011 | |
| 2011 | Ceylon | Gavin King, Red Hat | Java |
| 2011 | Dart | Java, JavaScript, CoffeeScript, Go | |
| 2011 | C++11 | C++ ISO/IEC 14882:2011 | C++, Standard C, C |
| 2011 | Kotlin | JetBrains | Java, Scala, Groovy, C#, Gosu |
| 2011 | Red | Nenad Rakočević | Rebol, Scala, Lua |
| 2011 | Opa | MLstate | OCaml, Erlang, JavaScript |
| 2012 | Elixir | José Valim | Erlang, Ruby, Clojure |
| 2012 | Elm | Evan Czaplicki | Haskell, Standard ML, OCaml, F# |
| 2012 | TypeScript | Anders Hejlsberg, Microsoft | JavaScript, CoffeeScript |
| 2012 | Julia | Jeff Bezanson, Stefan Karpinski, Viral Shah, Alan Edelman, MIT | MATLAB, Lisp, C, Fortran, Mathematica[11] (strictly its Wolfram Language), Python, Perl, R, Ruby, Lua[12] |
| 2012 | P | Vivek Gupta, Ethan Jackson, Shaz Qadeer, Sriram Rajamani, Microsoft | |
| 2012 | Ada 2012 | ARA and Ada Europe (ISO/IEC 8652:2012) | Ada 2005, ISO/IEC 8652:1995/Amd 1:2007 |
| 2013 | P4 | P4 Language Consortium (P4.org) | |
| 2013 | PureScript | Phil Freeman | Haskell |
| 2013 | Hopscotch | Hopscotch Technologies | Scratch |
| 2013 | Cuneiform | Jörgen Brandt | Swift (parallel scripting language) |
| 2014 | Crystal | Ary Borenszweig, Manas Technology Solutions | Ruby, C, Rust, Go, C#, Python |
| 2014 | Hack | PHP | |
| 2014 | Swift | Apple Inc. | Objective-C, Rust, Haskell, Ruby, Python, C#, CLU |
| 2014 | C++14 | C++ ISO/IEC 14882:2014 | C++, Standard C, C |
| 2015 | Raku | Larry Wall, The Rakudo Team | Perl, Haskell, Python, Ruby |
| 2015 | Zig | Andrew Kelley | C, C++, LLVM IR, Go, Rust |
| 2016 | Reason | Jordan Walke | JavaScript, OCaml[13] |
| 2017 | C++17 | C++ ISO/IEC 14882:2017 | C++, Standard C, C |
| 2017 | Ballerina | WSO2, Open Source[14] | Java, Javascript, Go, Rust, C# |
| 2018 | Fortran 2018 | ISO/IEC JTC1/SC22/WG5 N2150:2018 | Fortran 2008 |
| 2019 | Bosque | Mark Marron, Microsoft | JavaScript, TypeScript, ML |
| Year | Name | Chief developer, company | Predecessor(s) |
2020s
| Year | Name | Chief developer, company | Predecessor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | C++20 | C++ ISO/IEC 14882:2020 | C++, Standard C, C |
| 2021 | Microsoft Power Fx | Vijay Mital, Robin Abraham, Shon Katzenberger, Darryl Rubin, Microsoft | |
| Year | Name | Chief developer, company | Predecessor(s) |
也看看这里
参考
- ^ Booth, Kathleen. "Machine Language for Automatic Relay Computer". Birkbeck College Computation Laboratory. University of London.
- ^ Campbell-Kelly, Martin "The Development of Computer Programming in Britain (1945 to 1955)", The Birkbeck College Machines, in (1982) Annals of the History of Computing 4(2) April 1982 IEEE
- ^ UNIVAC conference, Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota. 171-page transcript of oral history with computer pioneers, including Albert B. Tonik, involved with the Univac computer, held on 17–18 May 1990.
- ^ "Der Freiburger Code auf der Zuse" (in German). Retrieved 26 October 2014.
- ^ H. Zuse. "Z22". Retrieved 26 October 2014.
- ^ Smillie, Keith. "Kenneth E. Iverson - A.M. Turing Award Winner". ACM.
- ^ "John Goodenough | CISA". www.us-cert.gov.
- ^ "John B. Goodenough". resources.sei.cmu.edu.
- ^ "Tour : Standard C++". isocpp.org.
- ^ "Arduino Reference". www.arduino.cc.
- ^ "Why We Created Julia". Julia website. February 2012. Retrieved 7 February 2013.
- ^ "Introduction". The Julia Manual. Archived from the original on 8 April 2016.
- ^ Simple, fast & type safe code that leverages the JavaScript & OCaml ecosystems: facebook/reason, Facebook, 24 March 2019, retrieved 24 March 2019
- ^ "GitHub - ballerina-platform/ballerina-lang: The Ballerina Programming Language". 25 November 2019 – via GitHub.
