Linus Torvalds(linux创始人，Linux之父)
一、Linus 全名：Linus Benedict Torvalds
Linus Torvalds，无可争议的Linux之父，几乎一己之力更新维护Linux内核，绝对的大神级存在.
Linus was born on December 28, 1969 in Helsinki, Finland. He enrolled at the University of Helsinki in 1988, graduating with a master's degree in computer science. His M.Sc.
Linus 于1969年12月28日出生于芬兰赫尔辛基。1988年，他就读于赫尔辛基大学，获得计算机科学硕士学位。他的理学硕士。
thesis was titled “Linux: A Portable Operating System” and was the genesis for what would become the most important collaborative software project in history.In August 1991, Linus announced that he was developing the Linux kernel, proclaiming, “it won’t be big and professional.” Never in the history of technology has someone been so wrong.
这篇论文的标题是“Linux：一个可移植的操作系统”，它是有史以来最重要的协作软件项目的起源。
1991年8月，Linus宣布他正在开发Linux内核，并宣称“它不会太大，也不会太专业”科技史上从未有人犯过如此错误。
In spite of his humble proclamation, Linux has become the world’s most pervasive operating system. Today the Linux kernel forms the basis of the Linux operating system and powers billions of Android devices, powers ChromeOS, and has permeated almost every industry and form factor. Smartphones, TVs, appliances, cars, nuclear submarines, air traffic control, stock exchanges, and scientific research all run Linux. Linux also provides the underpinnings of the internet and the cloud computing industry.
尽管他谦逊地宣称，Linux已经成为世界上最普及的操作系统。今天，Linux内核构成了Linux操作系统的基础，为数十亿Android设备提供了动力，为ChromeOS提供了动力，并渗透到几乎所有行业和形式因素。智能手机、电视、家电、汽车、核潜艇、空中交通管制、证券交易所和科学研究都运行Linux。Linux还为互联网和云计算行业提供了基础。
In 2005, citing a lack of free and open source version control tools that met his needs for performance and scale, Linus famously created Git in only 10 days. Today Git is widely used in software development and for other version-control tasks such as configuration management, and has become popular as an integral part of the DevOps culture.
2005年，Linus以缺乏满足其性能和规模需求的免费开源版本控制工具为由，在短短10天内创建了Git。如今，Git被广泛用于软件开发和其他版本控制任务，如配置管理，并已成为DevOps文化不可或缺的一部分。
In 2000, Linus was listed by Time Magazine as Number 17 in the Time 100: Most Important People of the Century. Again,
2000年，莱纳斯被《时代》杂志列为《时代》100强中的第17名：本世纪最重要的人物。再一次
in 2004, Time Magazine named him one of the Most Influential People in the world.
2004年，《时代》杂志将他评为世界上最有影响力的人物之一。
He was honored in 2008 with the Millennium Technology Prize by the Technology Academy Finland, “in recognition of his creation of a new open source operating system for computers leading to the widely used Linux kernel.” He is also the recipient of the 2014 IEEE Computer Society Computer Pioneer Award.
2008年，他被芬兰技术学院授予千年技术奖，“以表彰他为计算机创建了一种新的开源操作系统，从而导致了广泛使用的Linux内核。”他也是2014年IEEE计算机协会计算机先驱奖的获得者。
A true tech titan, he was admitted to the Computer History Museum Hall of Fellows, joining the ranks of the tech elite including Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper, Tim Berners-Lee, Gordon Moore, Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Steve Wozniak, and others.
作为一名真正的科技巨头，他被允许进入计算机历史博物馆Fellows大厅，加入了科技精英的行列，包括海军少将格雷斯·默里·霍珀、蒂姆·伯纳斯·李、戈登·摩尔、肯·汤普森、丹尼斯·里奇、史蒂夫·沃兹尼亚克等。
Torvalds remains the ultimate authority on what new code is incorporated into the standard Linux kernel.
Torvalds 仍然是标准Linux内核中新代码的最终权威。
来自:https://www.computer.org/profiles/linus-torvalds
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Linus Torvalds创建了Linux内核，并监督广泛使用的Linux操作系统的开源开发。 托瓦尔兹1969年12月28日出生于芬兰赫尔辛基。1988年，他就读于赫尔辛基大学，获得计算机科学硕士学位。 作为一名狂热的计算机程序员，莱纳斯早年编写了许多游戏应用程序。在购买了一台带有Intel 386 CPU的个人电脑后，他开始使用Minix，这是一种由AndrewTanenbaum创建的Unix操作系统，用作教学工具。Torvalds于1991年秋季开始开发一种新内核，后来命名为“Linux”，在组建了一个志愿者团队来开发这种新内核之后，于1994年春发布了V1.0。 1996年，托瓦尔兹接受邀请，参观了Transmeta在加利福尼亚州的总部，Transmeta是一家初创公司，正处于设计节能中央处理器（CPU）的第一阶段。托瓦尔兹随后接受了Transmeta的一个职位，并随家人搬到了加利福尼亚州。托瓦尔兹在为Transmeta工作的同时，继续监督Linux的内核开发。 2003年，托瓦尔兹离开Transmeta，专门专注于Linux内核，由开源开发实验室（OSDL）支持，OSDL是一个由高科技公司组成的联盟，其中包括IBM、惠普、英特尔、AMD、RedHat、Novell和许多其他公司。该联盟的目的是促进Linux开发。OSDL于2007年1月与自由标准组织合并成为Linux基金会。Torvalds仍然是标准Linux内核中新代码的最终权威。 |
二、什么是Linux
详细参看: https://www.kernel.org/category/about.html
About Linux Kernel
What is Linux?
Linux is a clone of the operating system Unix, written from scratch by Linus Torvalds with assistance from a loosely-knit team of hackers across the Net. It aims towards POSIX and Single UNIX Specification compliance.
Linux是操作系统Unix的克隆，由Linus Torvalds在网络上松散的黑客团队的协助下从头开始编写。它旨在符合POSIX和 Single UNIX Specification(单一UNIX规范)。
补充：Linux（全称GNU/Linux）由Linus于1991年8月发布，是一种免费使用和自由传播的类UNIX操作系统。
It has all the features you would expect in a modern fully-fledged Unix, including true multitasking, virtual memory, shared libraries, demand loading, shared copy-on-write executables, proper memory management, and multistack networking including IPv4 and IPv6.
它具有现代成熟Unix中所期望的所有功能，包括真正的多任务处理、虚拟内存、共享库、按需加载、共享写时拷贝可执行文件、适当的内存管理以及包括IPv4和IPv6在内的多级网络。
Although originally developed first for 32-bit x86-based PCs (386 or higher), today Linux also runs on a multitude of other processor architectures, in both 32- and 64-bit variants.
虽然Linux最初是为基于32位x86的PC（386或更高版本）开发的，但今天它也运行在许多其他处理器体系结构上，包括32位和64位变体。
New to Linux?
If you're new to Linux, you don't want to download the kernel, which is just a component in a working Linux system. Instead, you want what is called a distribution of Linux, which is a complete Linux system. There are numerous distributions available for download on the Internet as well as for purchase from various vendors; some are general-purpose, and some are optimized for specific uses. We currently have mirrors of several distributions available at https://mirrors.kernel.org/.
如果您是Linux新手，则不想下载内核，因为内核只是Linux系统中的一个组件。相反，您需要的是所谓的Linux发行版，它是一个完整的Linux系统。有许多发行版可在互联网上下载，也可从各种供应商处购买；有些是通用的，有些是针对特定用途而优化的。我们目前有几个发行版的镜像，可在https://mirrors.kernel.org/.
Note, however, that most distributions are very large (several gigabytes), so unless you have a fast Internet link you may want to save yourself some hassle and purchase a CD-ROM with a distribution; such CD-ROMs are available from a number of vendors.
Mailing lists
The Linux kernel is discussed on the linux-kernel mailing list at vger.kernel.org. Please read the FAQ before subscribing.
Although there is no official archive site, unofficial archives of the list can be found at:
