GNU C Library（来自官方gnu.org, 又称 glibc)
https://www.gnu.org/gnu/gnu.html
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GNU Definition 来自: http://www.linfo.org/glibc.html GNU (pronounced g'noo) is a recursive acronym for "GNU's Not Unix." It is an on-going project by the Free Software Foundation (FSF) whose purpose is to create a complete, POSIX-compliant and freely distributable computing environment. GNU（发音为g'noo）是“GNU的非Unix”的递归首字母缩略词这是自由软件基金会（FSF）正在进行的一个项目，其目的是创建一个完整、兼容POSIX且可自由分发的计算环境。 POSIX (Portable Operating System Interface) is a set of standards that ensures the ability of applications to run on all conforming Unix variants. These standards were developed under the auspices of the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). POSIX compliance is a requirement for purchases by the U.S. government and many corporations. POSIX（便携式操作系统接口）是一组标准，可确保应用程序能够在所有符合Unix规范的变体上运行。这些标准是在IEEE（电气和电子工程师协会）的支持下制定的。POSIX合规性是美国政府和许多公司购买产品的一项要求。 Origins of The GNU Project The GNU project was begun by Richard Stallman in the latter part of 1983 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) when he was attempting to obtain funding for his freely distributable editor, Emacs. At that time, the various versions of Unix were encumbered with licenses that were restrictive and included fees. GNU项目由Richard Stallman于1983年下半年在麻省理工学院（MIT）开始，当时他正试图为其可自由分发的编辑Emacs获得资金。当时，各种版本的Unix都有限制性的许可证，包括费用。 Stallman announced his project to the public in newsgroups in September, 1983. Full-scale work began on January 5, 1984, when he resigned from his position at MIT in order to devote his full attention to the project. 1983年9月，Stallman在新闻组向公众宣布了他的项目。1984年1月5日，他辞去了麻省理工学院的职务，全身心地投入到这个项目中，全面的工作开始了。 Stallman wrote the first extensible Emacs text editor while at MIT in 1975. He is also the principal author of the GCC (GNU C compiler collection), a portable optimizing compiler designed to support diverse architectures and multiple languages. These two GNU tools have become very popular and are widely used. Stallman was awarded the prestigious MacArthur Fellowship ("genius grant") in 1990 for his work in developing and promoting free software. 1975年，Stallman在麻省理工学院编写了第一个可扩展的Emacs文本编辑器。他也是GCC（GNU C编译器集合）的主要作者，这是一个可移植的优化编译器，旨在支持多种体系结构和多种语言。这两个GNU工具已经非常流行并被广泛使用。Stallman因其在开发和推广自由软件方面的工作，于1990年被授予享有盛誉的麦克阿瑟奖学金（“天才奖”）。 In 1985, Stallman founded the FSF to provide logistical, legal and financial support for the GNU project. This non-profit organization also employed programmers to supplement the development done by volunteers. As the project gained prominence, businesses began making financial contributions as well as selling its software and technical support for it. Among these was Cygnus Solutions, which is now part of Red Hat. 1985年，Stallman成立了FSF，为GNU项目提供后勤、法律和财政支持。这个非营利组织还雇用程序员来补充志愿者所做的开发工作。随着该项目越来越受到重视，企业开始提供资金捐助，并销售其软件和技术支持。其中包括Cygnus Solutions，它现在是Red Hat的一部分。 Stallman's now classic GNU Manifesto was published in the March, 1985 issue of the highly respected Dr. Dobb's Journal. It explained his motivations and goals for the GNU project, one of which was to restore the cooperative spirit that formerly prevailed in the computing community. This essay is regarded by many advocates of free software as a fundamental philosophical resource. Stallman现在经典 GNU Manifesto 发表在1985年3月发行的备受尊敬的Dobb博士杂志上。它解释了他参与GNU项目的动机和目标，其中之一就是恢复以前在计算界盛行的合作精神。这篇文章被许多自由软件的拥护者视为一种基本的哲学资源。 The basic philosophy of the GNU project is to produce software that is non-proprietary. GNU software allows anybody to download, modify and redistribute it, with the sole restriction that they may not limit further redistribution of it. GNU项目的基本理念是生产非专有软件。GNU软件允许任何人下载、修改和重新分发它，唯一的限制是他们可能不会限制它的进一步重新分发。 Linux relies heavily on GNU software, and GNU systems previously used the Linux kernel. This close connection has led some people to mistakenly equate GNU with Linux. However, they are actually quite separate. In fact, the FSF has been developing a new kernel called Hurd to replace the Linux kernel in GNU systems. The Hurd currently runs on the x86 platform, and it is expected that it will eventually be ported to additional platforms. Linux严重依赖GNU软件，GNU系统以前使用Linux内核。这种密切的联系导致一些人错误地将GNU等同于Linux。然而，它们实际上是完全独立的。事实上，FSF一直在开发一个名为Hurd的新内核，以取代GNU系统中的Linux内核。Hurd目前运行在x86平台上，预计最终将被移植到其他平台。 Although it is not the most advanced kernel, the Hurd does have several very attractive features, including that it is: free, compatible (has familiar programming and user environments), aggressively multithreaded (allowing it to run efficiently on both single processors and symmetric multiprocessors), extensible and scalable. 尽管它不是最高级的内核，但Hurd确实有几个非常吸引人的特性，包括：免费、兼容（有熟悉的编程和用户环境）、积极的多线程（允许它在单处理器和对称多处理器上高效运行）、可扩展和可伸缩。 The GPL Another major achievement of the GNU project was the GPL (GNU General Public License), which was developed in 1989 by Stallman and Eben Moglen, a professor of law at Columbia University and general counsel for the FSF. The GPL is by far the most widely used license for free software in the world, and most GNU software packages, the Linux kernel and much of the other software generally included in Linux distributions have been released under it. GNU项目的另一项重大成就是GPL（GNU通用公共许可证），该许可证由Stallman和哥伦比亚大学法学教授兼FSF总顾问Eben Moglen于1989年开发。GPL是迄今为止世界上使用最广泛的自由软件许可证，大多数GNU软件包、Linux内核和Linux发行版中通常包含的许多其他软件都是在GPL下发布的。 A few GNU programs (and parts of programs) employ looser licenses, such as the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL), for strategic reasons. The LGPL was developed as a compromise between the GPL and the much more permissive BSD and MIT licenses. The main differences from the GPL are that it can be linked to software not licensed under the GPL or LGPL and that it is only useful for software libraries. 出于战略考虑，少数GNU程序（以及部分程序）采用了更宽松的许可证，如GNU Lesser General Public License（LGPL）。LGPL是作为GPL与更为宽松的BSD和MIT许可证之间的妥协而开发的。与GPL的主要区别在于，它可以链接到未根据GPL或LGPL授权的软件，并且它仅对软件库有用。 The goal of the GPL was to develop a single license that could be used for all free software in place of the individual licenses that were being written for individual programs. Its purpose is to protect the rights of people to access, improve and redistribute software. This is in sharp contrast to conventional licenses, which are designed to restrict people's rights to use the software and generally prevent them from modifying or redistributing it. GPL的目标是开发一个可用于所有自由软件的单一许可证，以代替为单个程序编写的单个许可证。其目的是保护人们访问、改进和重新分发软件的权利。这与传统许可形成鲜明对比，传统许可旨在限制人们使用软件的权利，并通常阻止他们修改或重新分发软件。 Specifically, the GPL is designed to ensure that anyone (1) may distribute copies of free software (and charge for this service if they so desire), (2) can easily obtain the source code, (3) may modify or extend the software as well as use pieces of it in new free programs (which must likewise be covered by the GPL) and (4) is assured that they have these rights. The GPL also forbids anyone to (1) deny these rights to others or (2) ask others to surrender such rights for software licensed by the GPL. 具体而言，GPL旨在确保任何人（1）可以分发免费软件的副本（如果他们愿意的话，还可以为此服务收费），（2）可以轻松获得源代码，（3）可以修改或扩展软件，以及在新的免费程序中使用软件（GPL也必须涵盖这些程序）和（4）确保他们拥有这些权利。GPL还禁止任何人（1）拒绝他人享有这些权利，或（2）要求他人放弃GPL许可软件的此类权利。 In 1992 Linus Torvalds changed the license for the Linux kernel to the GPL, and Linux was combined with the GNU system, resulting in a fully functional free operating system. Although the Linux kernel is now licensed under the GPL, it is not part of the GNU project. 1992年，Linus Torvalds将Linux内核的许可证更改为GPL，Linux与GNU系统结合，形成了一个功能齐全的免费操作系统。虽然Linux内核现在是根据GPL授权的，但它不是GNU项目的一部分。 From the mid-1990s, Stallman began requesting that the combined system (regardless of distribution) be referred to as "GNU/Linux" rather than just "Linux" because of the large amount of GNU developed software in it. Although this terminology is sometimes used, such as by the Debian project, it has not really caught on in the computer community or amongst the general public. 从20世纪90年代中期开始，Stallman开始要求将组合系统（无论分布情况如何）称为“GNU/Linux”，而不仅仅是“Linux”，因为其中有大量GNU开发的软件。虽然这个术语有时会被使用，比如Debian项目，但它并没有真正在计算机社区或公众中流行起来。 GNU Programs GNU programs are also widely used on proprietary flavors of Unix in place of the original Unix programs. This is because many of them have proven to be superior in quality. These components are frequently referred to collectively as the "GNU Tools." In fact, many of them have also been ported to the Mac OS X and Microsoft Windows operating systems. GNU程序也广泛用于Unix的专有版本，以代替原来的Unix程序。这是因为它们中的许多已经被证明在质量上是优越的。这些组件通常统称为“GNU工具”事实上，其中许多已经移植到Mac OS X和Microsoft Windows操作系统。 As of early 2004 there were more than 250 GNU projects in various stages of development. Some of the best known are: 截至2004年初，有250多个GNU项目处于不同的发展阶段。其中最著名的有：
The GNU project also assists with the development and distribution of several additional software packages that were originally developed elsewhere. Among them are the widely used CVS (for source code control), DDD (a graphical front end for debuggers) and eCos (a compact, open source, real-time operating system for embedded devices). GNU项目还协助开发和分发最初在其他地方开发的其他几个软件包。其中包括广泛使用的CVS（用于源代码控制）、DDD（调试器的图形前端）和eCos（用于嵌入式设备的紧凑、开源、实时操作系统）。 A gnu (lower case) is either of two species of large South African antelopes that have an ox-like head with horns that curve forward on both sexes as well as a horse-like mane and a bushy tail. It is also the mascot for the GNU project. gnu（小写）是两种大型南非羚羊中的一种，它们的头像牛，角在两性身上向前弯曲，鬃毛像马，尾巴浓密。它也是GNU项目的吉祥物。 |
来自正统的官方网站：https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/
https://sourceware.org/glibc/wiki/HomePage 全面介绍glic wiki
一、What is glibc?
The GNU C Library project provides the core libraries for the GNU system and GNU/Linux systems, as well as many other systems that use Linux as the kernel.
These libraries provide critical APIs including ISO C11, POSIX.1-2008, BSD, OS-specific APIs and more. These APIs include such foundational facilities as open, read, write, malloc, printf, getaddrinfo, dlopen, pthread_create, crypt, login, exit and more.
GNU C库项目(gnu的项目列表查看 https://www.gnu.org/software/)为GNU系统和GNU/Linux系统以及许多其他使用Linux作为内核的系统提供了核心库。
这些库提供了包括ISO C11、POSIX.1-2008、BSD、特定于操作系统的API等。
这些API包括像open、read、write、malloc、printf、getaddrinfo、dlopen、pthread\u create、crypt、login、exit等基础的apis。
The GNU C Library is designed to be a backwards compatible, portable, and high performance ISO C library. It aims to follow all relevant standards including ISO C11, POSIX.1-2008, and IEEE 754-2008.
GNU C库设计为向后兼容、可移植和高性能的ISO C库。其目的是遵循所有相关标准，包括ISO C11、POSIX.1-2008和 IEEE 754-2008。
? 疑问是：不支持c90,c99吗？
The project was started circa 1988 and is more than 30 years old. You can see the complete project release history on the wiki.
该项目大约于1988年启动，已有30多年的历史。您可以在wiki上查看完整的项目 release history 。
查看:
https://sourceware.org/glibc/wiki/Glibc%20Timeline
Complete glibc release history:
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Date |
Release |
Announcement |
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2023-02-01 |
Future release. |
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2022-08-01 |
Future release. |
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2022-02-03 |
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2021-08-02 |
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2021-02-01 |
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2020-08-05 |
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2020-02-01 |
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2019-08-01 |
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2019-02-01 |
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2018-08-01 |
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2018-02-01 |
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2017-08-02 |
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2017-02-01 |
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2016-08-04 |
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2016-02-19 |
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2015-08-14 |
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2015-02-06 |
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2014-09-08 |
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2014-02-07 |
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2013-08-12 |
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2012-12-25 |
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2012-06-30 |
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2012-03-21 |
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2011-10-07 |
GLIBC 2.14.1 |
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2011-06-01 |
GLIBC 2.14 |
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2011-02-01 |
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2010-12-13 |
GLIBC 2.12.2 |
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2010-11-30 |
GLIBC 2.11.3 |
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2010-08-03 |
GLIBC 2.12.1 |
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2010-05-19 |
GLIBC 2.11.2 |
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2010-05-03 |
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2009-12-29 |
GLIBC 2.11.1 |
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2009-11-16 |
GLIBC 2.10.2 |
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2009-11-03 |
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2009-05-18 |
GLIBC 2.10.1 |
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2009-05-09 |
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2008-11-13 |
GLIBC 2.9 |
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2008-04-12 |
GLIBC 2.8 |
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2007-10-19 |
GLIBC 2.7 |
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2007-07-31 |
GLIBC 2.6.1 |
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2007-07-31 |
GLIBC 2.5.1 |
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2007-05-17 |
GLIBC 2.6 |
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2006-09-29 |
GLIBC 2.5 |
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2006-03-06 |
GLIBC 2.4 |
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2005-11-04 |
GLIBC 2.3.6 |
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2005-04-07 |
GLIBC 2.3.5 |
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2004-12-29 |
GLIBC 2.3.4 |
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2003-12-01 |
GLIBC 2.3.3 |
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2003-02-28 |
GLIBC 2.3.2 |
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2002-10-10 |
GLIBC 2.3.1 |
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2002-10-02 |
GLIBC 2.3 |
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2002-01-20 |
GLIBC 2.2.5 |
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2001-07-27 |
GLIBC 2.2.4 |
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2001-04-26 |
GLIBC 2.2.3 |
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2001-02-15 |
GLIBC 2.2.2 |
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2001-01-13 |
GLIBC 2.2.1 |
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2000-11-09 |
GLIBC 2.2 |
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2000-02-24 |
GLIBC 2.1.3 |
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1999-09-06 |
GLIBC 2.1.2 |
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1999-05-24 |
GLIBC 2.1.1 |
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1999-02-03 |
GLIBC 2.1 |
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1997-12-29 |
GLIBC 2.0.6 |
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1997-08-25 |
GLIBC 2.0.5 |
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1997-05-27 |
GLIBC 2.0.4 |
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1997-04-22 |
GLIBC 2.0.3 |
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1997-03-22 |
GLIBC 2.0.2 |
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1997-02-04 |
GLIBC 2.0.1 |
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1997-01-26 |
GLIBC 2.0 |
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1995-01-16 |
GLIBC 1.09.5 |
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1994-12-12 |
GLIBC 1.09.3 |
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1994-12-05 |
GLIBC 1.09.2 |
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1994-11-06 |
GLIBC 1.09 |
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1994-11-04 |
GLIBC 1.08.14 |
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1994-11-01 |
GLIBC 1.08.13 |
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1994-10-24 |
GLIBC 1.08.12 |
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1994-10-19 |
GLIBC 1.08.11 |
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1994-10-11 |
GLIBC 1.08.10 |
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1994-09-26 |
GLIBC 1.08.9 |
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1994-09-04 |
GLIBC 1.08.8 |
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1994-09-01 |
GLIBC 1.08.7 |
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1994-08-08 |
GLIBC 1.08.6 |
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1994-08-03 |
GLIBC 1.08.5 |
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1994-07-29 |
GLIBC 1.08.4 |
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1994-07-04 |
GLIBC 1.08.3 |
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1994-06-05 |
GLIBC 1.08.1 |
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1994-05-21 |
GLIBC 1.08 |
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1994-05-18 |
GLIBC 1.07.6 |
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1994-05-03 |
GLIBC 1.07.5 |
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1994-02-17 |
GLIBC 1.07.4 |
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1994-02-08 |
GLIBC 1.07.3 |
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1994-02-05 |
GLIBC 1.07.2 |
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1994-01-25 |
GLIBC 1.07.1 |
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1994-01-17 |
GLIBC 1.07 |
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1994-01-16 |
GLIBC 1.06.13 |
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1994-01-13 |
GLIBC 1.06.12 |
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1994-01-11 |
GLIBC 1.06.11 |
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1994-01-08 |
GLIBC 1.06.10 |
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1993-12-25 |
GLIBC 1.06.9 |
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1993-12-21 |
GLIBC 1.06.8 |
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1993-11-09 |
GLIBC 1.06.7 |
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1993-08-16 |
GLIBC 1.06.6 |
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1993-06-29 |
GLIBC 1.06.4 |
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1993-06-16 |
GLIBC 1.06.3 |
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1993-05-31 |
GLIBC 1.06.2 |
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1993-05-27 |
GLIBC 1.06.1 |
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1993-05-23 |
GLIBC 1.06 |
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1992-09-24 |
GLIBC 1.05 |
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1992-09-03 |
GLIBC 1.04 |
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1992-04-09 |
GLIBC 1.03 |
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1992-03-20 |
GLIBC 1.02 |
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1992-03-11 |
GLIBC 1.01 |
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1992-02-18 |
GLIBC 1.00 |
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1992-02-17 |
GLIBC 0.6 |
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1992-02-16 |
GLIBC 0.5 |
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1992-02-14 |
GLIBC 0.4.1 |
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1992-02-14 |
GLIBC 0.4 |
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1991-10-08 |
GLIBC 0.1 |
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1988-01-01 |
GLIBC Pre-release |
Despite the project's age there is still a lot to do so please Get Started and Get Involved!
2022-02-03: glibc 2.35 released.
2021-08-01: glibc 2.34 released.
2021-02-01: glibc 2.33 released.
2020-08-05: glibc 2.32 released.
2020-02-01: glibc 2.31 released.
2019-08-01: glibc 2.30 released.
2019-01-31: glibc 2.29 released.
二、glic相关
https://sourceware.org/glibc/wiki/HomePage wiki glic
https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/ 手册
三、举例 2.35 glic版本的介绍
下面具体来自2.35 glic版本：https://sourceware.org/pipermail/libc-alpha/2022-February/136040.html
The GNU C Library version 2.35 is now available （gnu c库版本2.3.5是有效的版本） The GNU C Library(gnu c库) ============================================ The GNU C Library is used as *the* C library in the GNU system and in GNU/Linux systems, as well as many other systems that use Linux as the kernel.
GNU C库用作GNU系统中的*C库，并且在GNU/Linux系统中，以及许多其他使用Linux的系统中作为内核。
The GNU C Library is primarily designed to be a portable and high performance C library. It follows all relevant standards including ISO C11 and POSIX.1-2017.
It is also internationalized and has one of the most complete internationalization interfaces known.
GNU C库(glibc)主要设计为可移植的和高性能C库。它遵循所有相关的标准包括ISO C11 和POSIX.1-2017. 它也是国际化，拥有最完整的已知国际化接口。
ISO正式发布了新的C语言的新标准C11,之前被称为C1X,官方名称为ISO/IEC 9899:2011
The GNU C Library webpage is at http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/
glibc 是gnu发布的libc库，也即c运行库。 glibc是linux系统中最底层的api（应用程序开发接口），几乎其它任何的运行库都会依赖于glibc。
gnu c 标准库下载地址：
Packages for the 2.35 release may be downloaded from: http://ftpmirror.gnu.org/libc/ http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/libc/ http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/libc/glibc-1.09.1.tar.gz The mirror list is at http://www.gnu.org/order/ftp.html
NEWS for version 2.35 ====================================== Major new features: （主要的新功能包括） * Unicode 14.0.0 Support: Character encoding, character type info, and transliteration tables are all updated to Unicode 14.0.0, using generator scripts contributed by Mike FABIAN (Red Hat).
Unicode 14.0.0支持：字符编码、字符类型信息和所有音译表都更新为Unicode 14.0.0，使用的生成器脚本由Mike FABIAN（Red Hat）提供。
Bump r_version in the debugger interface to 2 and add a new field, r_next, support multiple namespaces. * Support for the C.UTF-8 locale has been added to glibc. The locale supports full code-point sorting for all valid Unicode code points. A limitation in the framework for fnmatch, regexec, and regcomp requires a compromise to save space and only ASCII-based range expressions are supported for now (see bug 28255). The full size of the locale is only ~400KiB, with 346KiB coming from LC_CTYPE information for Unicode. This locale harmonizes downstream C.UTF-8 already shipping in various downstream distributions. The locale is not built into glibc, and must be installed. * <math.h> functions that round their results to a narrower type, and corresponding <tgmath.h> macros, are added from TS 18661-1:2014, TS 18661-3:2015 and draft ISO C2X: - fsqrt, fsqrtl, dsqrtl and corresponding fMsqrtfN, fMsqrtfNx, fMxsqrtfN and fMxsqrtfNx functions. - ffma, ffmal, dfmal and corresponding fMfmafN, fMfmafNx, fMxfmafN and fMxfmafNx functions. * <math.h> functions for floating-point maximum and minimum, corresponding to new operations in IEEE 754-2019, and corresponding <tgmath.h> macros, are added from draft ISO C2X: fmaximum, fmaximum_num, fmaximum_mag, fmaximum_mag_num, fminimum, fminimum_num, fminimum_mag, fminimum_mag_num and corresponding functions for float, long double, _FloatN and _FloatNx. * <math.h> macros for single-precision float constants are added as a GNU extension: M_Ef, M_LOG2Ef, M_LOG10Ef, M_LN2f, M_LN10f, M_PIf, M_PI_2f, M_PI_4f, M_1_PIf, M_2_PIf, M_2_SQRTPIf, M_SQRT2f and M_SQRT1_2f. * The __STDC_IEC_60559_BFP__ and __STDC_IEC_60559_COMPLEX__ macros are predefined as specified in TS 18661-1:2014. * The exp10 functions in <math.h> now have a corresponding type-generic macro in <tgmath.h>. * The ISO C2X macro _PRINTF_NAN_LEN_MAX has been added to <stdio.h>. * printf-family functions now support the %b format for output of integers in binary, as specified in draft ISO C2X, and the %B variant of that format recommended by draft ISO C2X. * A new DSO sorting algorithm has been added in the dynamic linker that uses topological sorting by depth-first search (DFS), solving performance issues of the existing sorting algorithm when encountering particular circular object dependency cases. * A new tunable, glibc.rtld.dynamic_sort, can be used to select between the two DSO sorting algorithms. The default setting of '2' uses the new DFS-based algorithm. The setting '1' switches to the old algorithm used in glibc 2.33 and earlier. * ABI support for a new function '__memcmpeq'. '__memcmpeq' is meant to be used by compilers for optimizing usage of 'memcmp' when its return value is only used for its boolean status. * Support for automatically registering threads with the Linux rseq system call has been added. This system call is implemented starting from Linux 4.18. The Restartable Sequences ABI accelerates user-space operations on per-cpu data. It allows user-space to perform updates on per-cpu data without requiring heavy-weight atomic operations. Automatically registering threads allows all libraries, including libc, to make immediate use of the rseq support by using the documented ABI, via the __rseq_flags, __rseq_offset, and __rseq_size variables. The GNU C Library manual has details on integration of Restartable Sequences. * A symbolic link to the dynamic linker is now installed under /usr/bin/ld.so (or more precisely, '${bindir}/ld.so'). * All programs and the testsuite in glibc are now built as position independent executables (PIE) by default on toolchains and architectures that support it. Further, if the toolchain and architecture supports it, even static programs are built as PIE and the resultant glibc can be used to build static PIE executables. A new option --disable-default-pie has been added to disable this behavior and get a non-PIE build. This option replaces --enable-static-pie, which no longer has any effect on the build configuration. * On Linux, a new tunable, glibc.malloc.hugetlb, can be used to either make malloc issue madvise plus MADV_HUGEPAGE on mmap and sbrk or to use huge pages directly with mmap calls with the MAP_HUGETLB flags). The former can improve performance when Transparent Huge Pages is set to 'madvise' mode while the latter uses the system reserved huge pages. * The printf family of functions now handles the flagged %#m conversion specifier, printing errno as an error constant (similar to strerrorname_np). * The function _dl_find_object has been added. In-process unwinders can use it to efficiently locate unwinding information for a code address. * Support for OpenRISC running on Linux has been added. This port requires as least binutils 2.35, GCC 11, and Linux 5.4. Currently only soft-float ABI is supported: - or1k-linux-gnu The OpenRISC ABI is 32-bit big-endian and uses 64-bit time (y2038 safe) and 64-bit file offsets (LFS default). * A new configure option, --with-rtld-early-cflags, can be used to specify additional compiler flags for building the early startup code of the dynamic linker. On targets which have CPU compatibility checks, this can help to ensure that proper diagnostics are printed if the dynamic loader runs on an incompatible CPU. * On Linux, the epoll_pwait2 function has been added. It is similar to epoll_wait with the difference the timeout has nanoseconds resolution. * The function posix_spawn_file_actions_addtcsetpgrp_np has been added, enabling posix_spawn and posix_spawnp to set the controlling terminal in the new process in a race free manner. This function is a GNU extension. * Source fortification (_FORTIFY_SOURCE) level 3 is now available for applications compiling with glibc and gcc 12 and later. Level 3 leverages the __builtin_dynamic_object_size function to deliver additional fortification balanced against additional runtime cost (checking non-constant bounds). Deprecated and removed features, and other changes affecting compatibility: * On x86-64, the LD_PREFER_MAP_32BIT_EXEC environment variable support has been removed since the first PT_LOAD segment is no longer executable due to defaulting to -z separate-code. * The r_version update in the debugger interface makes the glibc binary incompatible with GDB binaries built without the following commits: c0154a4a21a gdb: Don't assume r_ldsomap when r_version > 1 on Linux 4eb629d50d4 gdbserver: Check r_version < 1 for Linux debugger interface when audit modules or dlmopen are used. * Intel MPX support (lazy PLT, ld.so profile, and LD_AUDIT) has been removed. * The --enable-static-pie option is no longer available. The glibc build configuration script now automatically detects static-pie support in the toolchain and architecture and enables it if available. * The catchsegv script and associated libSegFault.so shared object have been removed. There are widely-deployed out-of-process alternatives for catching coredumps and backtraces. * Support for prelink will be removed in the next release; this includes removal of the LD_TRACE_PRELINKING, and LD_USE_LOAD_BIAS, environment variables and their functionality in the dynamic loader. Changes to build and runtime requirements: * The audit module interface version LAV_CURRENT is increased to enable proper bind-now support. The loader now advertises via the la_symbind flags that PLT trace is not possible. New audit modules require the new dynamic loader supporing the latest LAV_CURRENT version. Old audit modules are still loaded for all targets except aarch64. * The audit interface on aarch64 is extended to support both the indirect result location register (x8) and NEON Q register. Old audit modules are rejected by the loader. Audit modules must be rebuilt to use the newer structure sizes and the latest module interface version for LAV_CURRENT. Security related changes: CVE-2022-23219: Passing an overlong file name to the clnt_create legacy function could result in a stack-based buffer overflow when using the "unix" protocol. Reported by Martin Sebor. CVE-2022-23218: Passing an overlong file name to the svcunix_create legacy function could result in a stack-based buffer overflow. CVE-2021-3998: Passing a path longer than PATH_MAX to the realpath function could result in a memory leak and potential access of uninitialized memory. Reported by Qualys. CVE-2021-3999: Passing a buffer of size exactly 1 byte to the getcwd function may result in an off-by-one buffer underflow and overflow when the current working directory is longer than PATH_MAX and also corresponds to the / directory through an unprivileged mount namespace. Reported by Qualys. The following bugs are resolved with this release:
此版本解决了以下错误：
[12889] nptl: Race condition in pthread_kill
[14232] nptl: tst-cancel7 and tst-cancelx7 race condition
[14913] libc: [mips] Clean up MIPS 64-bit register-dump.h output
[15310] dynamic-link: _dl_sort_fini is O(n^3) causing slow exit when
many dsos
[15333] libc: Use 64-bit stat functions in installed programs
[15533] dynamic-link: LD_AUDIT introduces an avoidable performance
degradation
[15971] dynamic-link: No interface for debugger access to libraries
loaded with dlmopen
[17318] locale: [RFE] Provide a C.UTF-8 locale by default
[17645] dynamic-link: RFE: Improve performance of dynamic loader for
deeply nested DSO dependencies.
[19193] nptl: pthread_kill, pthread_cancel return ESRCH for a thread
ID whose lifetime has not ended
[22542] network: buffer overflow in sunrpc clnt_create
(CVE-2022-23219)
[22716] malloc: [PATCH] mtrace.pl: use TRACE_PRELINKING instead of
TRACE_LOADED_OBJECTS
[25947] malloc: memory leak in muntrace
[26045] math: fmaxf(inf, nan) does not always work
[26108] math: exp10() has problems with <tgmath.h>
[26779] build: benign use after realloc at localealias.c:329
[27609] dynamic-link: [2.32/2.33/2.34 Regression] In elf/dl-open.c
(_dl_open) we might use __LM_ID_CALLER to index GL(dl_ns)[]
[27945] build: build-many-glibcs.py doesn't configure GCC with
--enable-initfini-array
[27991] build: x86: sysdeps/x86/configure.ac breaks when
libc_cv_include_x86_isa_level is loaded from cache
[28036] nptl: Incorrect types for pthread_mutexattr_set/getrobust_np
in __REDIRECT_NTH macro
[28061] dynamic-link: A failing dlmopen called by an auditor crashed
[28062] dynamic-link: Suppress audit calls when a (new) namespace is
empty
[28126] libc: nftw aborts for paths longer than PATH_MAX
[28129] dynamic-link: Unnecessary check DT_DEBUG in ld.so
[28153] libc: [test] gmon/tst-gmon-gprof* may have a f3 line when
built with ld.lld
[28182] libc: _TIME_BITS=64 in C++ has issues with fcntl, ioctl, prctl
[28185] math: Inaccurate j0f function (again)
[28199] locale: iconvconfig prefix flag behaves differently in glibc
2.34
[28203] dynamic-link: aarch64: elf_machine_{load_address,dynamic}
should drop _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_[0] in favor of __ehdr_start for
robustness
[28213] librt: NULL pointer dereference in mq_notify (CVE-2021-38604)
[28223] libc: mips: clone does not align stack
[28253] dynamic-link: Missing colon in LD_SHOW_AUXV output after
AT_MINSIGSTKSZ
[28256] malloc: Conditional jump or move depends on uninitialised
value(s) in __GI___tunables_init
[28260] build: io/tst-closefrom, misc/tst-close_range, posix/tst-
spawn5 fail if stray fds are open
[28310] libc: Do not use affinity mask for sysconf
(_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF)
[28338] time: undefined behavior in __tzfile_compute with oddball TZif
file
[28340] dynamic-link: ld.so crashes while loading a DSO with a read-
only dynamic section
[28349] libc: Segfault for ping -R on qemux86 caused by recvmsg()
[28350] libc: ping receives SIGABRT on lib32-qemux86-64 caused by
recvmsg()
[28353] network: Race condition on __opensock
[28357] dynamic-link: deadlock between pthread_create and ctors
[28358] math: f64xdivf128 and f64xmulf128 spurious underflows
[28361] nptl: Fix for bug 12889 causes setxid deadlock
[28368] build: -Waddress instances in stdio-common/vfprintf-internal.c
[28390] localedata: Update locale data to Unicode 14.0.0
[28397] math: tgmath.h should not define fmaxmag, fminmag macros for
C2X
[28400] libc: [2.35 Regression] string/test-strncasecmp: cannot set
locale "en_US.UTF-8"
[28407] nptl: pthread_kill assumes that kill (getpid ()) is equivalent
to tgkill (getpid (), gettid())
[28455] dynamic-link: -Wl,--enable-new-dtags doesn't work
[28457] dynamic-link: Missing reldepmod4.so dependency for
globalmod1.so
[28469] time: linux: struct timex is not correctly set for 32-bit
systems with TIMESIZE=64
[28470] regex: Buffer read overrun in regular expression searching
[28475] string: Incorrect access attribute on memfrob
[28524] libc: Conversion from ISO-2022-JP-3 with iconv may emit
spurious NUL character on state reset
[28532] libc: powerpc64[le]: CFI for assembly templated syscalls is
incorrect
[28550] dynamic-link: FAIL: tst-dso-
ordering9_112-ecbda(GLIBC_TUNABLES=glibc.rtld.dynamic_sort=1)
execution test
[28554] build: Undefined generate-md5
[28572] libc: Misaligned accesses in test-memcpy and test-mempcpy on
hppa
[28607] nptl: Masked signals are delivered on thread exit
[28624] libc: openjdk 8/9 assume uni processor and gets stuck due to
lack of cpu counting /proc fallback with glibc 2.34
[28646] string: [2.35 Regression] mock -r fedora-36-x86_64
/tmp/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.312.b07-2.fc36.src.rpm& fails to build
[28648] dynamic-link: Running ld.so on statically linked binaries
crashes
[28656] dynamic-link: LD_PREFER_MAP_32BIT_EXEC no longer works due to
binutils changes
[28676] dynamic-link: p_align on PT_LOAD segment in DSO isn't honored
[28678] nptl: nptl/tst-create1 hangs sporadically
[28688] dynamic-link: PT_LOAD p_align check is too strict
[28700] nss: "dns [!UNAVAIL=return] files" default for hosts database
is not useful
[28707] time: assert in tzfile.c __tzfile_read striking with truncated
timezones generated by tzcode-2021d and later
[28713] math: GCC 12 miscompiles libm
[28732] dynamic-link: FAIL: elf/tst-dl_find_object
[28738] build: LIBC_LINKER_FEATURE doesn't work on linker -z option
[28745] dynamic-link: _dl_find_object miscompilation on powerpc64le
[28746] libc: _FORTIFY_SOURCE does not work for stpcpy
[28749] libc: Inconsistency detected by ld.so: rtld.c: 1632: dl_main:
Assertion `GL(dl_rtld_map).l_libname' failed!
[28755] string: overflow bug in wcsncmp_avx2 and wcsncmp_evex
[28757] nptl: GDB printer tests failed with new GDB
[28765] math: x86_64 libmvec atan2 accuracy
[28766] manual: Document libmvec accuracy
[28768] network: Buffer overflow in svcunix_create with long pathnames
(CVE-2022-23218)
[28769] libc: Off-by-one buffer overflow/underflow in getcwd()
(CVE-2021-3999)
[28770] libc: Unexpected return value from realpath() for too long
results (CVE-2021-3998)
[28771] libc: %ebx optimization macros are incompatible with .altmacro
in Systemtap probes
[28780] build: --disable-default-pie doesn't work on static programs
[28782] libc: x86-64 ISA level for glibc itself is always
x86-64-baseline
[28792] glob: possible wrong behaviour with patterns with double [
with no closing ]
[28837] libc: FAIL: socket/tst-socket-timestamp-compat
[28847] locale: Empty mon_decimal_point in LC_MONETARY results in non-
empty mon_decimal_point_wc
Release Notes
=============
https://sourceware.org/glibc/wiki/Release/2.35
Contributors
============
This release was made possible by the contributions of many people.
The maintainers are grateful to everyone who has contributed
changes or bug reports. These include:
许多人的贡献使这次发布成为可能。维护人员感谢所有做出贡献的人更改或错误报告。其中包括：
Adhemerval Zanella Akila Welihinda Alexandra Hájková Andrea Monaco Andreas Schwab Anton Blanchard Arjun Shankar Aurelien Jarno Ben Woodard Carlos O'Donell Chung-Lin Tang Cristian Rodríguez DJ Delorie Fangrui Song Florian Weimer H.J. Lu Hans-Peter Nilsson Jangwoong Kim Jiaxun Yang John David Anglin Jonathan Wakely Joseph Myers Khem Raj Kurt Kanzenbach Luca Boccassi Mark Wielaard Martin Sebor Matheus Castanho Matt Whitlock Maxim Kuvyrkov Michael Kerrisk Mike FABIAN Naohiro Tamura Naohiro Tamura via Libc-alpha Nart Tlisha Nikita Popov Noah Goldstein Patrick McGehearty Paul A. Clarke Paul E. Murphy Paul Eggert Paul Zimmermann Robbie Harwood Romain GEISSLER Rongwei Wang Samuel Thibault Sergey Bugaev Siddhesh Poyarekar Stafford Horne Stefan Liebler Sunil K Pandey Szabolcs Nagy Thomas Petazzoni Tulio Magno Quites Machado Filho Wilco Dijkstra Xi Ruoyao maminjie
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