linux虚拟环境安装

linux虚拟环境安装

Virtualenv是一个版本管理的虚拟环境,Virtualenvwrapper 是 Virtualenv 的增强版

virtualenv的一个最大的缺点就是，每次开启虚拟环境之前要去虚拟环境所在目录下的 bin 目录下 source一下 activate，这就需要我们记住每个虚拟环境所在的目录。

一种可行的解决方案是，将所有的虚拟环境目录全都集中起来，比如放到 ~/virtualenvs/，并对不同的虚拟环境使用不同的目录来管理。virtualenvwrapper 正是这样做的。并且，它还省去了每次开启虚拟环境时候的 source操作，使得虚拟环境更加好用。

安装virtualenv和virtualenvwrapper

[root@python ~]# pip3 install virtualenv
[root@python ~]# pip3 install virtualenvwrapper

配置virtualenvwrapper

1、创建虚拟环境存放目录

[root@python ~]# mkdir .virtualenvs

2、修改~/.bashrc文件，使其生效

[root@python ~]# vim .bashrc    //在最后一行添加以下内容
export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=/usr/bin/python3
export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs
export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_VIRTUALENV=/usr/local/python3/bin/virtualenv
source /usr/local/python3/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
[root@python ~]# source .bashrc 
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/premkproject
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/postmkproject
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/initialize
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/premkvirtualenv
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/postmkvirtualenv
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/prermvirtualenv
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/postrmvirtualenv
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/predeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/postdeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/preactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/postactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/get_env_details

3、创建虚拟环境

mkvirtualenv -p 解释器路径 虚拟环境名

[root@python ~]# mkvirtualenv -p /usr/bin/python3 helloat 
created virtual environment CPython3.9.7.final.0-64 in 657ms
  creator CPython3Posix(dest=/root/.virtualenvs/helloat, clear=False, no_vcs_ignore=False, global=False)
  seeder FromAppData(download=False, pip=bundle, setuptools=bundle, wheel=bundle, via=copy, app_data_dir=/root/.local/share/virtualenv)
    added seed packages: pip==21.2.3, setuptools==57.4.0, wheel==0.37.0
  activators BashActivator,CShellActivator,FishActivator,PowerShellActivator,PythonActivator
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/helloat/bin/predeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/helloat/bin/postdeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/helloat/bin/preactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/helloat/bin/postactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/helloat/bin/get_env_details
(helloat) [root@python ~]#

4、退出虚拟环境

(helloat) [root@python ~]# deactivate 
[root@python ~]# 

5、查看已创建的虚拟环境

[root@python ~]# lsvirtualenv 
helloat
=======

6、删除虚拟环境

[root@python ~]# rmvirtualenv helloat
Removing helloat...

7、快捷进入

(at) [root@python ~]# cdvirtualenv 
(at) [root@python at]# ls
bin  lib  pyvenv.cfg
(at) [root@python at]# cdsitepackages 
(at) [root@python site-packages]# ls
_distutils_hack           pkg_resources                 _virtualenv.pth
distutils-precedence.pth  __pycache__                   _virtualenv.py
pip                       setuptools                    wheel
pip-21.2.3.dist-info      setuptools-57.4.0.dist-info   wheel-0.37.0.dist-info
pip-21.2.3.virtualenv     setuptools-57.4.0.virtualenv  wheel-0.37.0.virtualenv