假设此次添加的磁盘名称为sdb，并将此磁盘的所有空间都挂载到/data/下
1、 lsblk观察本机是否添加了空磁盘（因为空磁盘才能够进行分区和格式化，分区和格式化只能在空磁盘上进行，千万别弄错了，否则系统就挂掉，基本无法修复了）；
2、 空白磁盘分区：fdisk /dev/sdb，分区完后lsblk看看是否出现了sdb1，如未出现，则执行partprobe刷新分区；
3、 创建物理卷PV：pvcreate /dev/sdb1，pvdisplay查看物理卷；
4、 创建卷组VG：vgcreate data_vg /dev/sdb1，vgdisplay查看卷组，找到自己创建的data_vg，并记住Total PE参数的数字；
5、 创建逻辑卷LV：lvcreate -l 262143 -n data_lv data_vg（262143是上面所说的Total PE参数的数字），lvdisplay查看逻辑卷；
6、 格式化：先df –Th查看本机的其他盘是什么文件格式（需格式化成跟/home、/boot等目录一样的格式）mkfs.xfs /dev/data_vg/data_lv
7、 挂载并设置开机自启：mount /dev/data_vg/data_lv /data，mount –a
vi /etc/fstab
/dev/mapper/data_vg-data_lv /data xfs defaults 0 0
# 第一步： 添加新的硬盘。
# 第二步: 给某一磁盘进行分区
fdisk /dev/vdb
[root@test-node2 bin]# ll /dev/vdb*
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 253, 16 Apr 28 15:33 /dev/vdb
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 253, 17 Apr 28 15:58 /dev/vdb1
# 第三步: 对磁盘分区创建物理卷pv
[root@machine-for-class ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb1
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.
# 第四步: 创建卷组vg，并将物理卷加入卷组
[root@machine-for-class ~]# vgcreate vg01 /dev/sdb1
#查看vg
[root@machine-for-class ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
centos 1 2 0 wz--n- <19.51g 0
vg01 2 0 0 wz--n- 96.00m 96.00m
[root@machine-for-class ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg01
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 96.00 MiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 24
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 24 / 96.00 MiB
VG UUID sEwqUc-wJvm-aWbt-KQpE-wkA1-mg6q-4GXJns
# 第五步: 创建逻辑卷lv，将卷组所有空间给逻辑卷
[root@machine-for-class ~]# lvcreate -n lv01 -L +96M vg01 建议这样写：lvcreate -n lv01 -l +100%FREE vg01
#lvcreate -n 设置LV名称
#lvcreate -L 设置LV大小(以字节为单位)
#lvcreate -l 设置LV大小(以区块数为单位)以及托管此逻辑卷的卷组的名称
WARNING: xfs signature detected on /dev/locvg/lvgfs at offset 0. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
Wiping xfs signature on /dev/locvg/lvgfs.
Logical volume "lvgfs" created.
[root@test-node2 data]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
lvgfs locvg -wi-a----- <100.00g
# 第六步: 格式化-创建文件系统，挂载至 /data 目录，如果创建逻辑卷的时候制定了lv名称。就用对应的目录。如果没有指定。默认是mapper目录
[root@machine-for-class ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/vg01/lv01
# mkfs.xfs /dev/mapper/locvg-lvgfs
meta-data=/dev/vg01/lv01 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=6144 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=24576, imaxpct=25
meta-data=/dev/mapper/locvg-lvgfs isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=6553344 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=26213376, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=12799, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
#挂载到/data目录。注意：如果data目录下面有数据，请先断开对应服务。在mv移走data下面所有的数据。然后挂载lvm。挂载完再mv回来。重启服务。
[root@test-node2 data]# mkdir /data
[root@test-node2 data]# mount /dev/mapper/locvg-lvgfs /data
[root@test-node2 data]# echo /dev/mapper/locvg-lvgfs /data xfs defaults 0 0 >> /etc/fstab
[root@test-node2 data]# df -h
#案例2
#查看挂载情况
[root@flyby-mongo ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev
tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 7.8G 8.6M 7.8G 1% /run
tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1 40G 2.4G 35G 7% /
tmpfs 1.6G 0 1.6G 0% /run/user/0
#查看磁盘
[root@flyby-mongo ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000a0687
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vda1 * 2048 83886079 41942016 83 Linux
Disk /dev/vdb: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
#磁盘分区
[root@flyby-mongo ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x45543ac1.
Command (m for help): t
No partition is defined yet!
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-419430399, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-419430399, default 419430399):
Using default value 419430399
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 200 GiB is set
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@flyby-mongo ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
vda 253:0 0 40G 0 disk
└─vda1 253:1 0 40G 0 part /
vdb 253:16 0 200G 0 disk
└─vdb1 253:17 0 200G 0 part
[root@flyby-mongo ~]# mkfs -t xfs /dev/vdb1
meta-data=/dev/vdb1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=13107136 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=52428544, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=25599, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@flyby-mongo ~]# yum install -y lvm2
#对磁盘分区创建物理卷pv
[root@flyby-mongo ~]# pvcreate /dev/vdb1
WARNING: xfs signature detected on /dev/vdb1 at offset 0. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
Wiping xfs signature on /dev/vdb1.
Physical volume "/dev/vdb1" successfully created.
#创建卷组vg，并将物理卷加入卷组
[root@flyby-mongo ~]# vgcreate vg01 /dev/vdb1
Volume group "vg01" successfully created
#查看vg
[root@flyby-mongo ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
vg01 1 0 0 wz--n- <200.00g <200.00g
[root@flyby-mongo ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg01
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size <200.00 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 51199
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 51199 / <200.00 GiB
VG UUID WfpvBf-x3SY-HA0j-iKyS-EmmD-07Jb-7SUFid
#创建逻辑卷lv，将卷组所有空间给逻辑卷
[root@flyby-mongo ~]# lvcreate -n lv01 -l +100%FREE vg01
Logical volume "lv01" created.
#格式化-创建文件系统，挂载至 /data 目录，如果创建逻辑卷的时候制定了lv名称。就用对应的目录。如果没有指定。默认是mapper目录
[root@flyby-mongo ~]# mkdir /data
[root@flyby-mongo ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/vg01/lv01
meta-data=/dev/vg01/lv01 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=13106944 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=52427776, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=25599, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
#挂载到/data目录。注意：如果data目录下面有数据，请先断开对应服务。在mv移走data下面所有的数据。然后挂载lvm。挂载完再mv回来。重启服务。
[root@flyby-mongo ~]# mount /dev/mapper/vg01-lv01 /data
[root@flyby-mongo ~]# echo /dev/mapper/vg01-lv01 /data xfs defaults 0 0 >> /etc/fstab
[root@flyby-mongo ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev
tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 7.8G 8.6M 7.8G 1% /run
tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1 40G 2.6G 35G 7% /
tmpfs 1.6G 0 1.6G 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vg01-lv01 200G 33M 200G 1% /data
