RxJava简析
rxjava文档地址https://mcxiaoke.gitbooks.io/rxdocs/content/ 这个是中文版的
android studio 添加依赖 implementation 'io.reactivex.rxjava3:rxjava:3.0.4'
首先,打印helloworld:
public void hello(String args){ Flowable.fromArray(args).subscribe(s -> System.out.println("hello " + s + "!")); }
跟以前其他语言不大一样,看上去很麻烦,我们一步步来看
Flowable.fromArray(args)
这个方法最重要的就是里面的最后一句
new FlowableFromArray<>(items)
果然FlowableFromArray是Flowable的子类,所以真正的实现在子类里面
Flowable.fromArray(args).subscribe
subscribe进到里面的是
public final Disposable subscribe(@NonNull Consumer<? super T> onNext, @NonNull Consumer<? super Throwable> onError, @NonNull Action onComplete) { Objects.requireNonNull(onNext, "onNext is null"); Objects.requireNonNull(onError, "onError is null"); Objects.requireNonNull(onComplete, "onComplete is null"); LambdaSubscriber<T> ls = new LambdaSubscriber<>(onNext, onError, onComplete, FlowableInternalHelper.RequestMax.INSTANCE); subscribe(ls); return ls; }
看上去最重要的就是这两句了
LambdaSubscriber<T> ls = new LambdaSubscriber<>(onNext, onError, onComplete, FlowableInternalHelper.RequestMax.INSTANCE); subscribe(ls);
先进到subscribe(ls)中,发现这句
subscribeActual(flowableSubscriber)
跳进去发现是个抽象方法,那么实现肯定在子类啦,进到子类FlowableFromArray
@Override public void subscribeActual(Subscriber<? super T> s) { if (s instanceof ConditionalSubscriber) { s.onSubscribe(new ArrayConditionalSubscription<>( (ConditionalSubscriber<? super T>)s, array)); } else { s.onSubscribe(new ArraySubscription<>(s, array)); } }
跳进去又发现onSubscribe是个抽象方法,那么实现方法在哪呢,对啦,就是之前看到的LambdaSubscriber
public void onSubscribe(Subscription s) { if (SubscriptionHelper.setOnce(this, s)) { try { onSubscribe.accept(this); } catch (Throwable ex) { Exceptions.throwIfFatal(ex); s.cancel(); onError(ex); } } }
这个onSubscribe.accept(this)跳过去就是接口Consumer的accept方法了
所以一开始的helloworld代码也可以改成
FlowableFromArray flowableFromArray = new FlowableFromArray(new String[]{args}); flowableFromArray.subscribe(new Consumer<String>() { @Override public void accept(String s) throws Throwable { System.out.println("hello " + s + "!"); } });
是不是很麻烦,饶了一大圈,没关系,我们继续往下看
这里给出一些名词的翻译
- Reactive 直译为反应性的,有活性的,根据上下文一般翻译为反应式、响应式
- Iterable 可迭代对象,支持以迭代器的形式遍历,许多语言中都存在这个概念
- Observable 可观察对象,在Rx中定义为更强大的Iterable,在观察者模式中是被观察的对象,一旦数据产生或发生变化,会通过某种方式通知观察者或订阅者
- Observer 观察者对象,监听Observable发射的数据并做出响应,Subscriber是它的一个特殊实现
- emit 直译为发射,发布,发出,含义是Observable在数据产生或变化时发送通知给Observer,调用Observer对应的方法,文章里一律译为发射
- items 直译为项目,条目,在Rx里是指Observable发射的数据项,文章里一律译为数据,数据项
下面是常用的操作符列表:
- 创建操作 Create, Defer, Empty/Never/Throw, From, Interval, Just, Range, Repeat, Start, Timer
- 变换操作 Buffer, FlatMap, GroupBy, Map, Scan和Window
- 过滤操作 Debounce, Distinct, ElementAt, Filter, First, IgnoreElements, Last, Sample, Skip, SkipLast, Take, TakeLast
- 组合操作 And/Then/When, CombineLatest, Join, Merge, StartWith, Switch, Zip
- 错误处理 Catch和Retry
- 辅助操作 Delay, Do, Materialize/Dematerialize, ObserveOn, Serialize, Subscribe, SubscribeOn, TimeInterval, Timeout, Timestamp, Using
- 条件和布尔操作 All, Amb, Contains, DefaultIfEmpty, SequenceEqual, SkipUntil, SkipWhile, TakeUntil, TakeWhile
- 算术和集合操作 Average, Concat, Count, Max, Min, Reduce, Sum
- 转换操作 To
- 连接操作 Connect, Publish, RefCount, Replay
- 反压操作,用于增加特殊的流程控制策略的操作符
下面我们来看第一个操作符:Create
Observable.create(new Observable.OnSubscribe<Integer>() { @Override public void call(Subscriber<? super Integer> observer) { try { if (!observer.isUnsubscribed()) { for (int i = 1; i < 5; i++) { observer.onNext(i); } observer.onCompleted(); } } catch (Exception e) { observer.onError(e); } } } ).subscribe(new Subscriber<Integer>() { @Override public void onNext(Integer item) { System.out.println("Next: " + item); } @Override public void onError(Throwable error) { System.err.println("Error: " + error.getMessage()); } @Override public void onCompleted() { System.out.println("Sequence complete."); } });
我们一起来看源码
首先是Observable的create方法
public final static <T> Observable<T> create(OnSubscribe<T> f) { return new Observable<T>(hook.onCreate(f)); }
这里没什么,就是返回创建一个Observable对象,但是要注意里面的参数OnSubscribe
public interface OnSubscribe<T> extends Action1<Subscriber<? super T>> { // cover for generics insanity } public interface Action1<T> extends Action { void call(T t); }
这个参数是一个接口,它的父类里有个抽象待实现的方法call,而且call方法被传了Subscriber进去
我们来看Subscriber这个类,原来是个接口,而且它的父类Observer有三个很重要的方法
public interface Observer<T> { void onCompleted(); void onError(Throwable e); void onNext(T t); }
第一个create方法算是完成了,我们可以拆分来看
Observable<Integer> integerObservable = Observable.create(new Observable.OnSubscribe<Integer>() { @Override public void call(Subscriber<? super Integer> observer) { try { if (!observer.isUnsubscribed()) { for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { observer.onNext(i); } observer.onCompleted(); } } catch (Exception e) { observer.onError(e); } } });
第二个方法subscribe,它的参数也是Subscriber,即intergerObservable.subscribe(Subscriber)
所以我们就看出来了,Observable这个被观察者先是通过call增加一系列的监听,然后通过subscribe订阅监听。这样,当call里的内容开始执行后,触发监听回调
下面我要放大招了,我把源码简化了一下
public interface MyOnSubscribe { void call(MySubscriber subscriber); } public interface MySubscriber { void onNext(); void onCompleted(); void onError(); } public class MyObservable { MyOnSubscribe onSubscribe; public MyObservable(MyOnSubscribe onSubscribe) { this.onSubscribe = onSubscribe; } public final static MyObservable create(MyOnSubscribe onSubscribe) { return new MyObservable(onSubscribe); } public final void subscribe(MySubscriber subscriber) { onSubscribe.call(subscriber); } }
测试代码
public void hello() { MyObservable.create(new MyOnSubscribe() { @Override public void call(MySubscriber subscriber) { try { for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { subscriber.onNext(); } subscriber.onCompleted(); } catch (Exception e) { subscriber.onError(); } } }).subscribe(new MySubscriber() { @Override public void onNext() { System.out.println(1); } @Override public void onCompleted() { System.out.println("onCompleted"); } @Override public void onError() { System.out.println("onError"); } }); }
得到的结果是一样的。所以说,代码万变不离其中,只要灵活运用接口,接口就是用来监听的
第二个操作符from
Integer[] items = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; Observable.from(items).subscribe(new Action1<Integer>() { @Override public void call(Integer integer) { System.out.println(integer); } });
先看Observable的from方法
public final static <T> Observable<T> from(T[] array) { return from(Arrays.asList(array)); }
其实就是把数组转成list,但是再点from进去就很重要
public final static <T> Observable<T> from(Iterable<? extends T> iterable) { return create(new OnSubscribeFromIterable<T>(iterable)); }
public OnSubscribeFromIterable(Iterable<? extends T> iterable) { if (iterable == null) { throw new NullPointerException("iterable must not be null"); } this.is = iterable; }
OnSubscribeFromIterable是继承自OnSubscribe的,所以后面调的call方法,实际上是调的OnSubscribeFromIterable里的call方法,我们来看一下
@Override public void call(final Subscriber<? super T> o) { final Iterator<? extends T> it = is.iterator(); if (!it.hasNext() && !o.isUnsubscribed()) o.onCompleted(); else o.setProducer(new IterableProducer<T>(o, it)); }
真相大白了,在这里做了迭代。还有一个操作符just,其实底层里面调的就是from,只不过还限制了参数个数,而且参数类型必须相同,感觉用处不大
第三个操作符repeat
Observable.just(1, 2).repeat(4).subscribe(new Action1<Integer>() { @Override public void call(Integer integer) { System.out.println(integer); } });
repeat点进去是OnSubcribRedo.repeat,紧追着count这个参数,会看到一个RedoFinite类
public static final class RedoFinite implements Func1<Observable<? extends Notification<?>>, Observable<?>> { private final long count; public RedoFinite(long count) { this.count = count; } @Override public Observable<?> call(Observable<? extends Notification<?>> ts) { return ts.map(new Func1<Notification<?>, Notification<?>>() { int num=0; @Override public Notification<?> call(Notification<?> terminalNotification) { if(count == 0) { return terminalNotification; } num++; if(num <= count) { return Notification.createOnNext(num); } else { return terminalNotification; } } }).dematerialize(); } }
这里就看到了,有个num++和num<=count判断,就知道是怎么重复的了
第4个操作符Map和flapMap
这两个变换操作符可谓非常重要,经常用到,我写了4个例子,请仔细区别,就可以知道它们到底做了什么
Student student1 = new Student("stark", new Course[]{new Course("Chinese"), new Course("English")}); Student student2 = new Student("adam", new Course[]{new Course("Math"), new Course("Physical")}); Student[] students = new Student[]{student1, student2}; Observable.from(students).subscribe(new Action1<Student>() { @Override public void call(Student student) { System.out.println(student.getName()); } }); System.out.println("-------------"); Observable.from(students).map(new Func1<Student, String>() { @Override public String call(Student student) { return student.getName(); } }).subscribe(new Action1<String>() { @Override public void call(String name) { System.out.println(name); } }); System.out.println("-------------"); Observable.from(students).map(new Func1<Student, Course[]>() { @Override public Course[] call(Student student) { return student.getCourses(); } }).subscribe(new Action1<Course[]>() { @Override public void call(Course[] courses) { System.out.println(courses[0].getName()); System.out.println(courses[1].getName()); } }); System.out.println("-------------"); Observable.from(students).flatMap(new Func1<Student, Observable<Course>>() { @Override public Observable<Course> call(Student student) { return Observable.from(student.getCourses()); } }).subscribe(new Action1<Course>() { @Override public void call(Course course) { System.out.println(course.getName()); } }); 输出: stark adam ------------- stark adam ------------- Chinese English Math Physical ------------- Chinese English Math Physical
如果你仔细看代码,就会发现map就是一对一的转换,flatMap是一对多的转换,转换的前后类型在方法Func1中已经标的很清楚。例子:Func1(Student,String)就代表传参是Student,返回类型是String,具体的实现在call里面student.getName()
map和flatMap可以看作是将我们经常用到的嵌套循环for(i){for(j)...}...给解耦了,看起来更清楚一些,中间可以插入更多的操作
源码里面的实现就是迭代,没什么好说
第5个操作符filter:
Observable.just(1,2,3,4,5).filter(new Func1<Integer, Boolean>() { @Override public Boolean call(Integer integer) { return integer<4; } }).subscribe(new Action1<Integer>() { @Override public void call(Integer integer) { System.out.println(integer); } });
先过滤再循环输出
第6个组合操作符and/then/when
implementation 'io.reactivex:rxjava-joins:0.22.0' Observable<String> just1 = Observable.just("A", "B"); Observable<Integer> just2 = Observable.just(1, 2, 3); Pattern2<String, Integer> pattern = JoinObservable.from(just1).and(just2); Plan0<String> plan = pattern.then(new Func2<String, Integer, String>() { @Override public String call(String s, Integer integer) { return s + integer; } }); JoinObservable.when(plan).toObservable().subscribe(new Action1<String>() { @Override public void call(String s) { System.out.println(s); } }); 输出: A1 B2
第7个组合操作符merge:
Observable<Integer> odds = Observable.just(1, 3, 5); Observable<Integer> evens = Observable.just(2, 4, 6); Observable.merge(odds,evens).subscribe(new Action1<Integer>() { @Override public void call(Integer integer) { System.out.println(integer); } }); 输出: 1 3 5 2 4 6
第8个操作符doOnNext:
Observable.just(1, 2, 3).doOnNext(new Action1<Integer>() { @Override public void call(Integer integer) { if (integer > 1) { throw new RuntimeException("item exceeds maximum value"); } } }).subscribe(new Subscriber<Integer>() { @Override public void onCompleted() { System.out.println("onCompleted"); } @Override public void onError(Throwable e) { System.out.println("onError"); } @Override public void onNext(Integer integer) { System.out.println("next:" + integer); } }); 输出: next:1 onError
第9个操作符SubscribeOn(Scheduler):即申明在哪个调度器工作
第10个:android例子:
Observable.from(new String[]{"one", "two", "three", "four", "five"}) .subscribeOn(Schedulers.newThread()) .observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread()) .subscribe(new Action1<String>() { @Override public void call(String s) { System.out.println(s); } });
大致了解了rxjava的使用和基本原理之后,在后续的使用中遇到不懂的再看文档https://mcxiaoke.gitbooks.io/rxdocs/content/,还有一定要看源码,然后自己亲自尝试,才能加深理解
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