ASP.NET CORE WEB项目介绍
首先创建一个asp.net core web应用程序
第二步
目前官方预置了7种模板项目供我们选择。从中我们可以看出,既有我们熟悉的MVC、WebAPI,又新添加了Razor Page,以及结合比较流行的Angular、React前端框架的模板项目。
空项目模板
Program.cs
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.IO; using System.Linq; using System.Threading.Tasks; using Microsoft.AspNetCore; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting; using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration; using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging; namespace WebApplication6 { public class Program { public static void Main(string[] args) { CreateWebHostBuilder(args).Build().Run(); } public static IWebHostBuilder CreateWebHostBuilder(string[] args) => WebHost.CreateDefaultBuilder(args) .UseStartup<Startup>(); } }
实质就是控制台应用
Startup.cs
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Threading.Tasks; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.HttpsPolicy; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration; using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection; namespace WebApplication6 { public class Startup { public Startup(IConfiguration configuration) { Configuration = configuration; } public IConfiguration Configuration { get; } // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container. public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) { services.Configure<CookiePolicyOptions>(options => { // This lambda determines whether user consent for non-essential cookies is needed for a given request. options.CheckConsentNeeded = context => true; options.MinimumSameSitePolicy = SameSiteMode.None; }); services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_1); } // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline. public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env) { if (env.IsDevelopment()) { app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage(); } else { app.UseExceptionHandler("/Error"); app.UseHsts(); } app.UseHttpsRedirection(); app.UseStaticFiles(); app.UseCookiePolicy(); app.UseMvc(); } } }
提供最原始的HttpContext
。
Web API
创建完整的HTTP服务,使用Controller
处理请求,仅返回数据无视图返回
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
namespace WebApplication7.Controllers
{
[Route("api/[controller]")]
[ApiController]
public class ValuesController : ControllerBase
{
// GET api/values
[HttpGet]
public ActionResult<IEnumerable<string>> Get()
{
return new string[] { "value1", "value2" };
}
// GET api/values/5
[HttpGet("{id}")]
public ActionResult<string> Get(int id)
{
return "value";
}
// POST api/values
[HttpPost]
public void Post([FromBody] string value)
{
}
// PUT api/values/5
[HttpPut("{id}")]
public void Put(int id, [FromBody] string value)
{
}
// DELETE api/values/5
[HttpDelete("{id}")]
public void Delete(int id)
{
}
}
}
Startup.cs也加入了相关的MVC的服务和中间件
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Threading.Tasks; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.HttpsPolicy; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration; using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection; namespace WebApplication6 { public class Startup { public Startup(IConfiguration configuration) { Configuration = configuration; } public IConfiguration Configuration { get; } // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container. public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) { services.Configure<CookiePolicyOptions>(options => { // This lambda determines whether user consent for non-essential cookies is needed for a given request. options.CheckConsentNeeded = context => true; options.MinimumSameSitePolicy = SameSiteMode.None; }); services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_1); } // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline. public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env) { if (env.IsDevelopment()) { app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage(); } else { app.UseExceptionHandler("/Error"); app.UseHsts(); } app.UseHttpsRedirection(); app.UseStaticFiles(); app.UseCookiePolicy(); app.UseMvc(); } } }
Web 应用程序-Razor Page
在ASP.NET MVC中Razor作为一个高级视图引擎存在,Razor提供了一种新的标记语义,其大大减少了用户输入且具有表现力,主要的特点是使用@符号去书写标记。 而在ASP.NET Core中Razor不仅仅是一种视图引擎,其提供了一种新的页面设计方式——Razor Page。其主要的特点在于:
- 基于文件路径的路由系统;
- Razor Page类似于WebForm,一种MVVM的架构,支持双向绑定;
- Razor Page符合单一职责原则,每个页面独立存在,视图和代码紧密组织在一起。
Web 应用程序-MVC
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq; using System.Threading.Tasks; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; using WebApplication5.Models; namespace WebApplication5.Controllers { public class HomeController : Controller { public IActionResult Index() { return View(); } public IActionResult About() { ViewData["Message"] = "Your application description page."; return View(); } public IActionResult Contact() { ViewData["Message"] = "Your contact page."; return View(); } public IActionResult Privacy() { return View(); } [ResponseCache(Duration = 0, Location = ResponseCacheLocation.None, NoStore = true)] public IActionResult Error() { return View(new ErrorViewModel { RequestId = Activity.Current?.Id ?? HttpContext.TraceIdentifier }); } } }