rest framework-序列化-长期维护
############### 表结构 ###############
from django.db import models class Book(models.Model): title=models.CharField(max_length=32) price=models.IntegerField() pub_date=models.DateField() publish=models.ForeignKey("Publish") authors=models.ManyToManyField("Author") def __str__(self): return self.title class Publish(models.Model): name=models.CharField(max_length=32) email=models.EmailField() def __str__(self): return self.name class Author(models.Model): name=models.CharField(max_length=32) age=models.IntegerField() def __str__(self): return self.name
############### 序列化类 ###############
from rest_framework import serializers from app01.models import * # 为queryset,model对象做序列化 class PublishSerializers(serializers.Serializer): name = serializers.CharField() email = serializers.CharField() class PublishModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model=Publish fields="__all__" class BookSerializers(serializers.Serializer): title = serializers.CharField(max_length=32) price = serializers.IntegerField() pub_date = serializers.DateField() publish=serializers.CharField(source="publish.name") # 这是一对多的字段，需要特殊处理，就使用source就可以了 #authors=serializers.CharField(source="authors.all") # 这是多对多的字段，需要特殊处理，但是展示的样式不好， authors = serializers.SerializerMethodField() # 这是多对多字段更好的实现方法，一定要实现一个对应的方法，格式就是get_字段的名字， def get_authors(self,obj): temp=[] for obj in obj.authors.all(): temp.append(obj.name) return temp ''' 序列化BookSerializers(book_list,many=True)过程： temp=[] for obj in book_list: temp.append({ "title":obj.title, "price":obj.price, "pub_date":obj.pub_date, "publish":str(obj.publish), # obj.publish.name #"authors":obj.authors.all, "authors": get_authors(obj) }) ''' class BookModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer): # 这个Serializer就类似form，这个ModelSerializer就类似于modelform， class Meta: model = Book fields = "__all__" # 这里面实现了一对多和多对多，一对多是展示的id，多对多是展示的一个id列表， #publish=serializers.CharField(source="publish.pk") # 如果你不写单个的字段就是用ModelSerializer的，如果你自己写了就用你自己的， # publish=serializers.HyperlinkedIdentityField( # 超链接 # view_name="detailpublish", #detailpublish 这是publisher的链接，detailpublish这是路由的地方写的别名，链接地址， # lookup_field="publish_id", # lookup_url_kwarg="pk" # ) # authors=serializers.CharField(source="authors.all") # authors = serializers.SerializerMethodField() # def get_authors(self,obj): # temp=[] # for obj in obj.authors.all(): # temp.append(obj.name) # return temp # def create(self, validated_data): # 如果你自定义了一对多的字段，是不支持source写法的，你需要重写create方法， # print("validated_data",validated_data) # book=Book.objects.create(title=validated_data["title"],price=validated_data["price"],pub_date=validated_data["pub_date"],publish_id=validated_data["publish"]["pk"]) # book.authors.add(*validated_data["authors"]) # 这种写法你要记住， # # return book class AuthorModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model=Author fields="__all__"
############### 视图 ###############
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse from django.views import View from rest_framework.response import Response from app01.models import * from app01.serilizer import * from rest_framework.views import APIView from app01.utils import * from rest_framework import mixins from rest_framework import generics from rest_framework import viewsets from app01.models import User,Book from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser from rest_framework.response import Response class PublishView(APIView): #这个apiview就是rest_framework 的 def get(self,request): # restframework # 取数据 # print("request.data", request.data) # print("request.data type", type(request.data)) # print(request._request.GET) # print(request.GET) # 序列化 # 方式1： # publish_list=list(Publish.objects.all().values("name","email")) # 方式2： # from django.forms.models import model_to_dict # publish_list=Publish.objects.all() # temp=[] # for obj in publish_list: # temp.append(model_to_dict(obj)) # 方式3： # from django.core import serializers # ret=serializers.serialize("json",publish_list) # 序列组件 publish_list = Publish.objects.all() # 这是一个queryset对象， ps = PublishModelSerializers(publish_list, many=True) # PublishModelSerializers这个类就是为了序列化创建的，many=True这个参数一定要有， return Response(ps.data) def post(self,request): # 取数据 # 原生request支持的操作 # print("POST",request.POST) # print("body",request.body) # # print(request) # print(type(request)) from django.core.handlers.wsgi import WSGIRequest # 新的request支持的操作 # print("request.data",request.data) # print("request.data type",type(request.data)) # post请求的数据 ps = PublishModelSerializers(data=request.data) if ps.is_valid(): print(ps.validated_data) ps.save() # 里面有create方法 return Response(ps.data) else: return Response(ps.errors) class PublishDetailView(APIView): def get(self, request, pk): publish = Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).first() ps = PublishModelSerializers(publish) return Response(ps.data) def put(self, request, pk): publish = Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).first() ps = PublishModelSerializers(publish, data=request.data) if ps.is_valid(): ps.save() return Response(ps.data) else: return Response(ps.errors) def delete(self, request, pk): Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).delete() return Response() class BookView(APIView): # authentication_classes = [TokenAuth] # permission_classes = [] # throttle_classes = [] # parser_classes = [JSONParser] def get(self,request): book_list=Book.objects.all() print(book_list) # 分页： pnp=MyPageNumberPagination() books_page=pnp.paginate_queryset(book_list,request,self) #这样就分页完成了， bs=BookModelSerializers(books_page,many=True,context={'request': request}) # bs = BookModelSerializers(book_list, many=True, context={'request': request}) print(bs.data) return Response(bs.data) def post(self,request): # post请求的数据 bs=BookModelSerializers(data=request.data) if bs.is_valid(): print(bs.validated_data) bs.save()# create方法 return Response(bs.data) else: return Response(bs.errors) class BookDetailView(APIView): def get(self,request,id): book=Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first() bs=BookModelSerializers(book,context={'request': request}) # context={'request': request}你加了超链接就必须有这个，固定写法 return Response(bs.data) def put(self,request,id): # 修改单条数据，一定要传递数据，而且必填字段都要填，你改动局部 book=Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first() bs=BookModelSerializers(book,data=request.data) if bs.is_valid(): bs.save() return Response(bs.data) else: return Response(bs.errors) def delete(self,request,id): Book.objects.filter(pk=id).delete() return Response()
############### 路由 ###############
from django.conf.urls import url,include from django.contrib import admin urlpatterns = [ url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), url(r'^publishes/$', views.PublishView.as_view(),name="publish"), # View:view(request)=====APIView:dispatch() url(r'^publishes/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.PublishDetailView.as_view(),name="detailpublish"), # View:view(request)=====APIView:dispatch() # url(r'^books/$', views.BookView.as_view(),name="books"), # url(r'^books/(\d+)/$', views.BookDetailView.as_view(),name="detailbook"), ]
############### 序列化总结 ###############
这么一总结，也没有多少东西， ####### 1，使用serializers.Serializer 2，使用serializers.ModelSerializer ###### 1，单个字段 2，一对多字段 3，多对多字段 4，超链接字段 ####### 1，操作所有数据的查看 2，操作单个数据的新增 3，操作单个数据的查看 4，操作单个数据的修改 5，操作单个数据的删除
############### 序列化 ###############
技术改变命运
