C++ 使用头文件 - 学习笔记（6）

之前一直不明白说的C++ 中的头文件到底是什么东西，

经过学习，我自己理解为：C++头文件也就是相等与 C#中的“类” 的概念吧。

使用书中提供的Sales_item.h头文件，实现计算“书”的价格计算。

代码如下：

#include <iostream>
#include "Sales_item.h"

int main()
{
	Sales_item book;
	std::cin >> book;
	std::cout << book << std::endl;
	return 0;
}

　　

头文件代码：

/*
 * This file contains code from "C++ Primer, Fourth Edition", by Stanley B.
 * Lippman, Jose Lajoie, and Barbara E. Moo, and is covered under the
 * copyright and warranty notices given in that book:
 * 
 * "Copyright (c) 2005 by Objectwrite, Inc., Jose Lajoie, and Barbara E. Moo."
 * 
 * 
 * "The authors and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this book,
 * but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no
 * responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for
 * incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the
 * use of the information or programs contained herein."
 * 
 * Permission is granted for this code to be used for educational purposes in
 * association with the book, given proper citation if and when posted or
 * reproduced.Any commercial use of this code requires the explicit written
 * permission of the publisher, Addison-Wesley Professional, a division of
 * Pearson Education, Inc. Send your request for permission, stating clearly
 * what code you would like to use, and in what specific way, to the following
 * address: 
 * 
 *  Pearson Education, Inc.
 *  Rights and Contracts Department
 *  75 Arlington Street, Suite 300
 *  Boston, MA 02216
 *  Fax: (617) 848-7047
*/
#ifndef SALESITEM_H
#define SALESITEM_H
// Definition of Sales_item class and related functions goes here

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
class Sales_item {
friend bool operator==(const Sales_item&, const Sales_item&);
// other members as before
public:
    // added constructors to initialize from a string or an istream
    Sales_item(const std::string &book):
              isbn(book), units_sold(0), revenue(0.0) { }
    Sales_item(std::istream &is) { is >> *this; }
    friend std::istream& operator>>(std::istream&, Sales_item&);
    friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, const Sales_item&);
public:
    // operations on Sales_item objects
    // member binary operator: left-hand operand bound to implicit this pointer
    Sales_item& operator+=(const Sales_item&);
    // other members as before
    
public:
    // operations on Sales_item objects
    double avg_price() const;
    bool same_isbn(const Sales_item &rhs) const
        { return isbn == rhs.isbn; }
    // default constructor needed to initialize members of built-in type
    Sales_item(): units_sold(0), revenue(0.0) { }
// private members as before
private:
    std::string isbn;
    unsigned units_sold;
    double revenue;
};

// nonmember binary operator: must declare a parameter for each operand
Sales_item operator+(const Sales_item&, const Sales_item&);
inline bool 
operator==(const Sales_item &lhs, const Sales_item &rhs)
{
    // must be made a friend of Sales_item
    return lhs.units_sold == rhs.units_sold &&
           lhs.revenue == rhs.revenue &&
    lhs.same_isbn(rhs);
}
inline bool 
operator!=(const Sales_item &lhs, const Sales_item &rhs)
{
    return !(lhs == rhs); // != defined in terms of operator==
}
using std::istream; using std::ostream;
// assumes that both objects refer to the same isbn
inline
Sales_item& Sales_item::operator+=(const Sales_item& rhs) 
{
    units_sold += rhs.units_sold; 
    revenue += rhs.revenue; 
    return *this;
}
// assumes that both objects refer to the same isbn
inline
Sales_item 
operator+(const Sales_item& lhs, const Sales_item& rhs) 
{
    Sales_item ret(lhs);  // copy lhs into a local object that we'll return
    ret += rhs;           // add in the contents of rhs 
    return ret;           // return ret by value
}
inline
istream& 
operator>>(istream& in, Sales_item& s)
{
    double price;
    in >> s.isbn >> s.units_sold >> price;
    // check that the inputs succeeded
    if (in)
        s.revenue = s.units_sold * price;
    else 
        s = Sales_item();  // input failed: reset object to default state
    return in;
}
inline
ostream& 
operator<<(ostream& out, const Sales_item& s)
{
    out << s.isbn << "\t" << s.units_sold << "\t" 
        << s.revenue << "\t" <<  s.avg_price();
    return out;
}
inline
double Sales_item::avg_price() const
{
    if (units_sold) 
        return revenue/units_sold; 
    else 
        return 0;
}

#endif

 

执行截图：

这里表示4本书的单价是 24.99元。

打印出来后得到4本的总收入99.96元 单价为 24.99元

参考：http://www.wxzzz.com/?id=74