项目里有各种加密方法,但从来没有仔细研究过。一般只是copy。这几天遇到一些问题,看了一下加密代码,觉得有些疑惑。
我们知道jdk已经为我们包装好了很多的算法。但究竟包装了哪些算法,怎么去掉这些算法我并没有去查过。今天跟了一下源码,大概知道了。
首先要从下面这几行代码说起:
KeyGenerator kgen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES"); SecureRandom secureRandom = SecureRandom.getInstance("SHA1PRNG"); java.security.MessageDigest md = java.security.MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
对于AES加密,我们用KeyGenerator kgen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");,MD5我们用java.security.MessageDigest md = java.security.MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");,这里从方法上看出java类是通过一个算法名称去找的,比如AES,但源码中并没有把算法名称包装为枚举,我们无法得知KeyGenerator除了有AES算法,还能获得那些算法,而且如何获得KeyGenerator的算法名称,比如AES不全是大写会不会有问题,KeyGenerator是不是有MD5等等。
打开KeyGenerator.getInstance()方法,看其源码
public static final KeyGenerator getInstance(String paramString) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException { return new KeyGenerator(paramString); }
我们发现直接调用了构造方法,查看构造方法:
private KeyGenerator(String paramString) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException { this.algorithm = paramString; List localList = GetInstance.getServices("KeyGenerator", paramString); this.serviceIterator = localList.iterator(); this.initType = 1; if (nextSpi(null, false) == null) { throw new NoSuchAlgorithmException(paramString + " KeyGenerator not available"); } if ((!skipDebug) && (pdebug != null)) { pdebug.println("KeyGenerator." + paramString + " algorithm from: " + this.provider .getName()); } }
构造方法其实是通过GetInstance.getServices("KeyGenerator", paramString)去找到,继续跟进
public Provider.Service getService(String paramString1, String paramString2) { for (int i = 0; i < this.configs.length; i++) { Provider localProvider = getProvider(i); Provider.Service localService = localProvider.getService(paramString1, paramString2); if (localService != null) { return localService; } } return null; }
GetInstance.getServices其实是遍历所有的Provider,然后按顺序返回第一个有这个算法服务的Provide的算法服务(Provider.Service)。这里可以看出,寻找服务需要两个参数,第一个参数是type,比如"KeyGenerator",第二个是算法名称,“AES”。那现在我们只要知道有哪些Provide,每个Provide里有哪些Provider.Service就可以了。
在jdk的API中,查看 KeyGenerator.getInstance方法,其中给了我们提示:
我们可以本地写一个方法遍历jdk所有的算法:
package com.hongkang.test; import java.security.Provider; import java.security.Security; import java.security.Provider.Service; public class TestSecurity { public static void main(String[] args) { Provider[] providers = Security.getProviders(); for(Provider p:providers){ System.out.println("provider name:"+p.getName()); for(Service s:p.getServices()){ System.out.println("类型:"+s.getType()+",算法:"+s.getAlgorithm()); } System.out.println("--------------------------"); } } }
输出结果:
provider name:SUN 类型:SecureRandom,算法:SHA1PRNG 类型:Signature,算法:SHA1withDSA 类型:Signature,算法:NONEwithDSA 类型:KeyPairGenerator,算法:DSA 类型:MessageDigest,算法:MD2 类型:MessageDigest,算法:MD5 类型:MessageDigest,算法:SHA 类型:MessageDigest,算法:SHA-256 类型:MessageDigest,算法:SHA-384 类型:MessageDigest,算法:SHA-512 类型:AlgorithmParameterGenerator,算法:DSA 类型:AlgorithmParameters,算法:DSA 类型:KeyFactory,算法:DSA 类型:CertificateFactory,算法:X.509 类型:KeyStore,算法:JKS 类型:KeyStore,算法:CaseExactJKS 类型:Policy,算法:JavaPolicy 类型:Configuration,算法:JavaLoginConfig 类型:CertPathBuilder,算法:PKIX 类型:CertPathValidator,算法:PKIX 类型:CertStore,算法:LDAP 类型:CertStore,算法:Collection 类型:CertStore,算法:com.sun.security.IndexedCollection -------------------------- provider name:SunRsaSign 类型:KeyFactory,算法:RSA 类型:KeyPairGenerator,算法:RSA 类型:Signature,算法:MD2withRSA 类型:Signature,算法:MD5withRSA 类型:Signature,算法:SHA1withRSA 类型:Signature,算法:SHA256withRSA 类型:Signature,算法:SHA384withRSA 类型:Signature,算法:SHA512withRSA -------------------------- provider name:SunEC 类型:KeyFactory,算法:EC 类型:AlgorithmParameters,算法:EC 类型:Signature,算法:NONEwithECDSA 类型:Signature,算法:SHA1withECDSA 类型:Signature,算法:SHA256withECDSA 类型:Signature,算法:SHA384withECDSA 类型:Signature,算法:SHA512withECDSA 类型:KeyPairGenerator,算法:EC 类型:KeyAgreement,算法:ECDH -------------------------- provider name:SunJSSE 类型:KeyFactory,算法:RSA 类型:KeyPairGenerator,算法:RSA 类型:Signature,算法:MD2withRSA 类型:Signature,算法:MD5withRSA 类型:Signature,算法:SHA1withRSA 类型:Signature,算法:MD5andSHA1withRSA 类型:KeyManagerFactory,算法:SunX509 类型:KeyManagerFactory,算法:NewSunX509 类型:TrustManagerFactory,算法:SunX509 类型:TrustManagerFactory,算法:PKIX 类型:SSLContext,算法:TLSv1 类型:SSLContext,算法:TLSv1.1 类型:SSLContext,算法:TLSv1.2 类型:SSLContext,算法:Default 类型:KeyStore,算法:PKCS12 -------------------------- provider name:SunJCE 类型:Cipher,算法:RSA 类型:Cipher,算法:DES 类型:Cipher,算法:DESede 类型:Cipher,算法:DESedeWrap 类型:Cipher,算法:PBEWithMD5AndDES 类型:Cipher,算法:PBEWithMD5AndTripleDES 类型:Cipher,算法:PBEWithSHA1AndRC2_40 类型:Cipher,算法:PBEWithSHA1AndDESede 类型:Cipher,算法:Blowfish 类型:Cipher,算法:AES 类型:Cipher,算法:AESWrap 类型:Cipher,算法:RC2 类型:Cipher,算法:ARCFOUR 类型:KeyGenerator,算法:DES 类型:KeyGenerator,算法:DESede 类型:KeyGenerator,算法:Blowfish 类型:KeyGenerator,算法:AES 类型:KeyGenerator,算法:RC2 类型:KeyGenerator,算法:ARCFOUR 类型:KeyGenerator,算法:HmacMD5 类型:KeyGenerator,算法:HmacSHA1 类型:KeyGenerator,算法:HmacSHA256 类型:KeyGenerator,算法:HmacSHA384 类型:KeyGenerator,算法:HmacSHA512 类型:KeyPairGenerator,算法:DiffieHellman 类型:AlgorithmParameterGenerator,算法:DiffieHellman 类型:KeyAgreement,算法:DiffieHellman 类型:AlgorithmParameters,算法:DiffieHellman 类型:AlgorithmParameters,算法:DES 类型:AlgorithmParameters,算法:DESede 类型:AlgorithmParameters,算法:PBE 类型:AlgorithmParameters,算法:PBEWithMD5AndDES 类型:AlgorithmParameters,算法:PBEWithMD5AndTripleDES 类型:AlgorithmParameters,算法:PBEWithSHA1AndDESede 类型:AlgorithmParameters,算法:PBEWithSHA1AndRC2_40 类型:AlgorithmParameters,算法:Blowfish 类型:AlgorithmParameters,算法:AES 类型:AlgorithmParameters,算法:RC2 类型:AlgorithmParameters,算法:OAEP 类型:KeyFactory,算法:DiffieHellman 类型:SecretKeyFactory,算法:DES 类型:SecretKeyFactory,算法:DESede 类型:SecretKeyFactory,算法:PBEWithMD5AndDES 类型:SecretKeyFactory,算法:PBEWithMD5AndTripleDES 类型:SecretKeyFactory,算法:PBEWithSHA1AndDESede 类型:SecretKeyFactory,算法:PBEWithSHA1AndRC2_40 类型:SecretKeyFactory,算法:PBKDF2WithHmacSHA1 类型:Mac,算法:HmacMD5 类型:Mac,算法:HmacSHA1 类型:Mac,算法:HmacSHA256 类型:Mac,算法:HmacSHA384 类型:Mac,算法:HmacSHA512 类型:Mac,算法:HmacPBESHA1 类型:Mac,算法:SslMacMD5 类型:Mac,算法:SslMacSHA1 类型:KeyStore,算法:JCEKS 类型:KeyGenerator,算法:SunTlsPrf 类型:KeyGenerator,算法:SunTls12Prf 类型:KeyGenerator,算法:SunTlsMasterSecret 类型:KeyGenerator,算法:SunTlsKeyMaterial 类型:KeyGenerator,算法:SunTlsRsaPremasterSecret -------------------------- provider name:SunJGSS 类型:GssApiMechanism,算法:1.2.840.113554.1.2.2 类型:GssApiMechanism,算法:1.3.6.1.5.5.2 -------------------------- provider name:SunSASL 类型:SaslClientFactory,算法:DIGEST-MD5 类型:SaslClientFactory,算法:NTLM 类型:SaslClientFactory,算法:GSSAPI 类型:SaslClientFactory,算法:EXTERNAL 类型:SaslClientFactory,算法:PLAIN 类型:SaslClientFactory,算法:CRAM-MD5 类型:SaslServerFactory,算法:CRAM-MD5 类型:SaslServerFactory,算法:GSSAPI 类型:SaslServerFactory,算法:DIGEST-MD5 类型:SaslServerFactory,算法:NTLM -------------------------- provider name:XMLDSig 类型:TransformService,算法:http://www.w3.org/2002/06/xmldsig-filter2 类型:TransformService,算法:http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#enveloped-signature 类型:TransformService,算法:http://www.w3.org/2001/10/xml-exc-c14n#WithComments 类型:TransformService,算法:http://www.w3.org/2001/10/xml-exc-c14n# 类型:TransformService,算法:http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xml-c14n-20010315#WithComments 类型:XMLSignatureFactory,算法:DOM 类型:TransformService,算法:http://www.w3.org/2006/12/xml-c14n11 类型:TransformService,算法:http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#base64 类型:TransformService,算法:http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xml-c14n-20010315 类型:TransformService,算法:http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xpath-19991116 类型:TransformService,算法:http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xslt-19991116 类型:TransformService,算法:http://www.w3.org/2006/12/xml-c14n11#WithComments 类型:KeyInfoFactory,算法:DOM -------------------------- provider name:SunPCSC 类型:TerminalFactory,算法:PC/SC -------------------------- provider name:SunMSCAPI 类型:SecureRandom,算法:Windows-PRNG 类型:KeyStore,算法:Windows-MY 类型:KeyStore,算法:Windows-ROOT 类型:Signature,算法:NONEwithRSA 类型:Signature,算法:SHA1withRSA 类型:Signature,算法:SHA256withRSA 类型:Signature,算法:SHA384withRSA 类型:Signature,算法:SHA512withRSA 类型:Signature,算法:MD5withRSA 类型:Signature,算法:MD2withRSA 类型:KeyPairGenerator,算法:RSA 类型:Cipher,算法:RSA 类型:Cipher,算法:RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding --------------------------
通过观察,我们发现算法的类型,基本都对应java的一个类。算法类基本在jce.jar和rt.jar中。从这个结果中我们基本就能自己找算法了,比如要用MD5,在上面列表中发现类型是MessageDigest,则
MessageDigest md5 = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
再仔细查看java.security.Provider类源码,发现此类在初始时就已经将这些算法类型初始化了,
static { addEngine("AlgorithmParameterGenerator", false, null); addEngine("AlgorithmParameters", false, null); addEngine("KeyFactory", false, null); addEngine("KeyPairGenerator", false, null); addEngine("KeyStore", false, null); addEngine("MessageDigest", false, null); addEngine("SecureRandom", false, null); addEngine("Signature", true, null); addEngine("CertificateFactory", false, null); addEngine("CertPathBuilder", false, null); addEngine("CertPathValidator", false, null); addEngine("CertStore", false, "java.security.cert.CertStoreParameters"); addEngine("Cipher", true, null); addEngine("ExemptionMechanism", false, null); addEngine("Mac", true, null); addEngine("KeyAgreement", true, null); addEngine("KeyGenerator", false, null); addEngine("SecretKeyFactory", false, null); addEngine("KeyManagerFactory", false, null); addEngine("SSLContext", false, null); addEngine("TrustManagerFactory", false, null); addEngine("GssApiMechanism", false, null); addEngine("SaslClientFactory", false, null); addEngine("SaslServerFactory", false, null); addEngine("Policy", false, "java.security.Policy$Parameters"); addEngine("Configuration", false, "javax.security.auth.login.Configuration$Parameters"); addEngine("XMLSignatureFactory", false, null); addEngine("KeyInfoFactory", false, null); addEngine("TransformService", false, null); addEngine("TerminalFactory", false, "java.lang.Object"); }
//还对大小写做了容错处理
private static void addEngine(String paramString1, boolean paramBoolean, String paramString2)
{
EngineDescription localEngineDescription = new EngineDescription(paramString1, paramBoolean, paramString2);
knownEngines.put(paramString1.toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH), localEngineDescription);
knownEngines.put(paramString1, localEngineDescription);
}
不过遗憾的是并没有找到AES这类算法是怎么初始化的。但是经测试,即便使用的不是大写,或者上面列表中列出的标准写法,也能正常获取,比如:
KeyGenerator kgen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("aEs");
也能正常执行。