web.config/app.config敏感数据加/解密的二种方法
一.利用代码加解密
//加密web.Config中的指定节
private void ProtectSection(string sectionName)
{
Configuration config = WebConfigurationManager.OpenWebConfiguration(Request.ApplicationPath);
ConfigurationSection section = config.GetSection(sectionName);
if (section != null && !section.SectionInformation.IsProtected)
{
section.SectionInformation.ProtectSection("DataProtectionConfigurationProvider");
config.Save();
}
}
//解密web.Config中的指定节
private void UnProtectSection(string sectionName)
{
Configuration config = WebConfigurationManager.OpenWebConfiguration(Request.ApplicationPath);
ConfigurationSection section = config.GetSection(sectionName);
if (section != null && section.SectionInformation.IsProtected)
{
section.SectionInformation.UnprotectSection();
config.Save();
}
}
示例:
protected void btnEncrypt_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
ProtectSection("connectionStrings");
}
变化:
加密前:
<connectionStrings>
<add name="connStr" connectionString="Data Source=server;Initial Catalog=Lib;User ID=sa;password=***"
providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />
</connectionStrings>
加密后:
<connectionStrings configProtectionProvider="DataProtectionConfigurationProvider">
<EncryptedData>
<CipherData>
<CipherValue>AQAAANCMnd8BFdERjHoAwE/Cl+sBAAAAYzAtjjJo0km/XdUrGFh3YAQAAAACAAAAAAADZgAAqAAAABAAAAD5H0RB6uSYHCk33lo9x5VHAAAAAASAAACgAAAAEAAAALS6KNeUNySZfZ/0tpmh7YWAAQAA85NFHJH
oVx1aW5pTaFfLtTo5J9lWoBR76IYIinLiIjcTeJ4tuAstgCspZlK9NMgzyWmWbbNbb8Z8canVCUpdKF0xmTBTpVih08TtODLszcUpCsJGvEgxuDPi6JtKjG/nT+UvpRp154TNnm04LP/iq1InDxePW2tEViHIiooEXARX8FLY00R
FBaUgarrfi5Fppu4usqavdnj7oqwFEbp3MXOaWY6m9qyVzNsf2G1UwBrivsrM4hZUcr1hy/S87co63ioWie8QDVgGuaTEaSyklC9STyvRsLU6A/QxalCHY4VoRjzNS/27vGoin+c3AJ587wMKJyJBiV08DyzoGM7elAlg8yTAeHv
VMLOEFcTUwsCG0f2rwhi3fZYUyykczYsfHXLEXdbJ+YRiBxYWP6xzffIdyWzrawxaIfnPq/pw6e2Vrwt6tJthDImu0tzXdwupbJVdy4T5vQvy4Fw3SB9lmbSZQacekaXcViBdX7Tejx7TTpDs36RdAOf8WcVMJH4FFAAAACjQFCa
OcSfbD2LXX4YP506vHDXw</CipherValue>
</CipherData>
</EncryptedData>
</connectionStrings>
注意:
加密后，仍然可以按以前的操作来读取，不需要额外的解决操作,因为
<connectionStrings configProtectionProvider="DataProtectionConfigurationProvider">
这里已经指定了用何种方式解密，asp.net会自动处理
二.利用aspnet_regiis.exe工具加解密
步骤:
1.先在本地生成RSA容器(有关RSA的详细操作，可参见http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/yxw286t2(VS.80).aspx )
aspnet_regiis.exe -pc "JimmyKeys" -exp
注:JimmyKeys为容器名字，可随便改
2.再将RSA导出到xml文件
aspnet_regiis.exe -px "JimmyKeys" "c:\JimmyKeys.xml"
3.在web.config中增加一节,一般放在<appSettings>之前就可以了，如下
<configProtectedData>
<providers>
<add name="JimmyRSAProvider"
type="System.Configuration.RsaProtectedConfigurationProvider,System.Configuration, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a"
keyContainerName="JimmyKeys"
useMachineContainer="true" />
</providers>
</configProtectedData>
<appSettings>
...
4.将web.config加密
aspnet_regiis.exe -pef "appSettings" "c:\website" -prov "JimmyRSAProvider"
解密:
aspnet_regiis.exe -pdf "appSettings" "c:\website"
5.部署到远程服务器(1台或多台)
a.将网站文件与JimmyKeys.xml(也就是导出的RSA容器文件)先上传到服务器,同时导入RSA
aspnet_regiis.exe -pi "JimmyKeys" "c:\JimmyKeys.xml"
b.确认服务器上aspx登录所用的默认帐号
Response.Write(System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity.GetCurrent().Name);
随便建一个aspx，把上一行代码贴到里面就可以了，IIS5环境下输出的是ASPNET，IIS6环境下输出的是NETWORK SERVICE，IIS7下没试过也不知道输出的是啥玩意儿
c.授于RSA窗口的读取权限给b中的默认帐号
aspnet_regiis.exe -pa "JimmyKeys" "NETWORK SERVICE"
顺便把刚才这些个操作的命令整理成几个批处理
1.本机bat(新建RSA容器，导出容器，加密web.config)
%windir%\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\aspnet_regiis.exe -pz "JimmyKeys"
%windir%\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\aspnet_regiis.exe -pc "JimmyKeys" -exp
%windir%\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\aspnet_regiis.exe -px "JimmyKeys" "c:\JimmyKeys.xml"
%windir%\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\aspnet_regiis.exe -pef "appSettings" "c:\website" -prov "JimmyRSAProvider"
2.远程服务器bat(导入RSA容器，授权)
%windir%\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\aspnet_regiis.exe -pi "JimmyKeys" "c:\JimmyKeys.xml"
%windir%\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\aspnet_regiis.exe -pa "JimmyKeys" "NETWORK SERVICE"
加密前:
<connectionStrings>
<add name="connStr" connectionString="Data Source=server;Initial Catalog=Lib;User ID=sa;password=***"
providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />
</connectionStrings>
加密后:
<connectionStrings configProtectionProvider="JimmyRSAProvider">
<EncryptedData Type="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#Element"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#">
<EncryptionMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#tripledes-cbc" />
<KeyInfo xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#">
<EncryptedKey xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#">
<EncryptionMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#rsa-1_5" />
<KeyInfo xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#">
<KeyName>Rsa Key</KeyName>
</KeyInfo>
<CipherData>
<CipherValue>breSi2wD4X4CAKh0puzhYtyltmR3cp9JfEE8Yw03NeWGZCOoEvDuxAceKLEsmYx8r/tI5NsZxOmY20pQzD1KvGELzz4rhkEPE9LKTAwyKNhqzMPFoRnjsdGTvs6JhrvVat9rdvgKbfTvVLXuvpXgSeNB0T6XJWq
/vOIU7KTyFjk=</CipherValue>
</CipherData>
</EncryptedKey>
</KeyInfo>
<CipherData>
<CipherValue>c4HD+EfJl//pv4eEzT938aWYhLyPBUt8lbNWf4Y4c6tewWLNBTwgYXtxPh6TnF8ne6s9H5C/AwXy/3JECuNEd8YGOO+RDhxw8NySd8vUc53+iUiHW5TLs/aoIvy8k1yOfLWGKFFWPtoX4F4gMTS+MAmhkiHQ46p
H2VyjyprNsl8LE2pGNjDOJnDeGYq+wkn2iw968+qjuTCibGJn6h6iGYGHYmkYUrgRzfo3iIZu+eCWE2IqCP+s58eQRjU3MxJ2BqeUU9HaKy4=</CipherValue>
</CipherData>
</EncryptedData>
</connectionStrings>
同样，这种方式加密后，aspx读取节点时也无需任何解密处理，代码不用做任何修改
注意:并不是所有的节点都能加密，ASP.NET 2.0仅支持对Web.config的部分配置节进行加密，以下配置节中的数据是不能进行加密的：
• <processModel>
• <runtime>
• <mscorlib>
• <startup>
• <system.runtime.remoting>
• <configProtectedData>
• <satelliteassemblies>
• <cryptographySettings>
• <cryptoNameMapping>
• <cryptoClasses>
另外，除了AppSettings和ConnectionStrings以外的其它节点，可以这样写:
aspnet_regiis.exe -pef "system.serviceModel/behaviors" "d:\website\cntvs\"
即对<system.serviceModel>下的<behaviors>节点加密,这一节点同样适用于代码方式加密，经过多次尝试，似乎除了AppSettings和ConnectionStrings以外的其它节点，只能支持二级节点。
象以下写法:
aspnet_regiis.exe -pef "system.serviceModel/behaviors/endpointBehaviors" "d:\website\cntvs"
运行时会报错:
未找到配置节“system.serviceModel/behaviors/endpointBehaviors”。
