.net中的windows service与服务操作
打开VS2008，“文件→新建→项目”，选择“Windows”项中的“Windows服务”，根据自己的情况修跑径和名称，这里的名称修为“WriteTextService”，确定后，出现一个“若要在类中添加组件，请从工具箱中拖出它们，然后例用”属性”窗口来设置它们的属性。若要为类创建方法和事件，请单击此处切换到代码视图。”的一个界面，我们如果处理业务逻辑，单击“单击此处切换到代码视图”，来转换到代码页。
代码
WriteTextService.cs
1using System;
2using System.ServiceProcess;
3using System.IO;
4using System.Threading;
5
6namespace WriteTextServiceNS
7{
8 public partial class WriteTextService : ServiceBase
9 {
10 public WriteTextService()
11 {
12 InitializeComponent();
13 }
14 protected override void OnStart(string[] args)
15 {
16 Thread t = new Thread(new ThreadStart(DY));
17 t.Start();
18 }
19 private void DY()
20 {
21 while (true)
22 {
23 File.WriteAllText(@"F:/gsw.txt",DateTime.Now.ToString());
24 Thread.Sleep(2000);
25 }
26 }
27 protected override void OnStop()
28 {
29 }
30 }
31}
32
2using System.ServiceProcess;
3using System.IO;
4using System.Threading;
5
6namespace WriteTextServiceNS
7{
8 public partial class WriteTextService : ServiceBase
9 {
10 public WriteTextService()
11 {
12 InitializeComponent();
13 }
14 protected override void OnStart(string[] args)
15 {
16 Thread t = new Thread(new ThreadStart(DY));
17 t.Start();
18 }
19 private void DY()
20 {
21 while (true)
22 {
23 File.WriteAllText(@"F:/gsw.txt",DateTime.Now.ToString());
24 Thread.Sleep(2000);
25 }
26 }
27 protected override void OnStop()
28 {
29 }
30 }
31}
32
现在，我们还需要在服务中创建一个服务安装类，来完成服务初始化安装工作。
我们创建一个类ServiceInstall
ServiceInstall.cs
1using System.Collections;
2using System.Configuration.Install;
3using System.ServiceProcess;
4using System.ComponentModel;
5using Microsoft.Win32;
6
7namespace WriteTextServiceNS
8{
9 [RunInstaller(true)]
10 public class ServiceInstall : Installer
11 {
12 private ServiceInstaller WTSerInst; //它由安装实用工具用来将与服务关联的注册表值写入 HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services 注册表项内的子项。
13 private ServiceProcessInstaller WTProInst; //安装实用工具使用它来写与要安装服务关联的注册表值。
14 public ServiceInstall()
15 {
16 WTProInst = new ServiceProcessInstaller();
17 WTProInst.Account = ServiceAccount.LocalSystem; //安装服务时使用的账户
18
19 WTSerInst = new ServiceInstaller();
20 WTSerInst.StartType = ServiceStartMode.Automatic ; //启动服务的后模式（Automatic 自动，Manual 手动，Disabled 禁用）
21 WTSerInst.ServiceName = "WriteTextService"; //要安装服务的名称 与服务类名相同
22
23 Installers.Add(WTSerInst); //把服务安装类放入安装集合中
24 Installers.Add(WTProInst);
25 }
26 /**//// <summary>
27 /// 重写父类的安装，并在安装服务后写入服务的描述
28 /// </summary>
29 /// <param name="stateSaver"></param>
30 public override void Install(IDictionary stateSaver)
31 {
32 RegistryKey system,service,config;
33 try
34 {
35 base.Install(stateSaver);
36 system = Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey("System").OpenSubKey("CurrentControlSet").OpenSubKey("Services");
37 service = system.OpenSubKey(this.WTSerInst.ServiceName, true);
38 service.SetValue("Description", "……这是一个每秒写入Text一次时间的服务……");
39 config = service.CreateSubKey("AdditionalInformation");
40 }
41 catch
42 { }
43 }
44 /**//// <summary>
45 /// 重写父类的卸载，并在卸载服务后删除描述
46 /// </summary>
47 /// <param name="stateServer"></param>
48 public override void Uninstall(IDictionary stateServer)
49 {
50 RegistryKey system,currentControlSet,services,service;
51 try
52 {
53 system = Microsoft.Win32.Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey("System");
54 currentControlSet = system.OpenSubKey("CurrentControlSet");
55 services = currentControlSet.OpenSubKey("Services");
56 service = services.OpenSubKey(this.WTSerInst.ServiceName, true);
57 service.DeleteSubKeyTree("AdditionalInformation");
58 }
59 catch
60 {}
61 finally
62 {
63 base.Uninstall(stateServer);
64 }
65 }
66 }
67}
68
2using System.Configuration.Install;
3using System.ServiceProcess;
4using System.ComponentModel;
5using Microsoft.Win32;
6
7namespace WriteTextServiceNS
8{
9 [RunInstaller(true)]
10 public class ServiceInstall : Installer
11 {
12 private ServiceInstaller WTSerInst; //它由安装实用工具用来将与服务关联的注册表值写入 HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services 注册表项内的子项。
13 private ServiceProcessInstaller WTProInst; //安装实用工具使用它来写与要安装服务关联的注册表值。
14 public ServiceInstall()
15 {
16 WTProInst = new ServiceProcessInstaller();
17 WTProInst.Account = ServiceAccount.LocalSystem; //安装服务时使用的账户
18
19 WTSerInst = new ServiceInstaller();
20 WTSerInst.StartType = ServiceStartMode.Automatic ; //启动服务的后模式（Automatic 自动，Manual 手动，Disabled 禁用）
21 WTSerInst.ServiceName = "WriteTextService"; //要安装服务的名称 与服务类名相同
22
23 Installers.Add(WTSerInst); //把服务安装类放入安装集合中
24 Installers.Add(WTProInst);
25 }
26 /**//// <summary>
27 /// 重写父类的安装，并在安装服务后写入服务的描述
28 /// </summary>
29 /// <param name="stateSaver"></param>
30 public override void Install(IDictionary stateSaver)
31 {
32 RegistryKey system,service,config;
33 try
34 {
35 base.Install(stateSaver);
36 system = Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey("System").OpenSubKey("CurrentControlSet").OpenSubKey("Services");
37 service = system.OpenSubKey(this.WTSerInst.ServiceName, true);
38 service.SetValue("Description", "……这是一个每秒写入Text一次时间的服务……");
39 config = service.CreateSubKey("AdditionalInformation");
40 }
41 catch
42 { }
43 }
44 /**//// <summary>
45 /// 重写父类的卸载，并在卸载服务后删除描述
46 /// </summary>
47 /// <param name="stateServer"></param>
48 public override void Uninstall(IDictionary stateServer)
49 {
50 RegistryKey system,currentControlSet,services,service;
51 try
52 {
53 system = Microsoft.Win32.Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey("System");
54 currentControlSet = system.OpenSubKey("CurrentControlSet");
55 services = currentControlSet.OpenSubKey("Services");
56 service = services.OpenSubKey(this.WTSerInst.ServiceName, true);
57 service.DeleteSubKeyTree("AdditionalInformation");
58 }
59 catch
60 {}
61 finally
62 {
63 base.Uninstall(stateServer);
64 }
65 }
66 }
67}
68
这样就完成了一个服务，关且有服务的描述，最要是通过重写父类Install和Uninstall来完成对服务描述的添加。因为服务都是在HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/WriteTextService下有个项Description，给这个项添加数据就对应该服务的描述，所以Install和Uninstall两个方法本质上就是注册表英的添加与删除。
接下来我们看一下服务的操作，即装载，卸载，启动，停止。
我们新建一个web网站，只有一个Default.aspx页面，代码如下:
Default.aspx
1<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="Default.aspx.cs" Inherits="_Default" %>
2
3<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
4
5<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
6<head runat="server">
7 <title>无标题页</title>
8</head>
9<body>
10 <form id="form1" runat="server">
11 <div>
12
13 <asp:Button ID="Button1" runat="server" Text="装载服务" />
14 <asp:Button ID="Button2" runat="server" Text="卸载服务" />
15 <asp:Button ID="Button3" runat="server" Text="启动服务" />
16 <asp:Button ID="Button4" runat="server" Text="停止服务" />
17
18 </div>
19 </form>
20</body>
21</html>
22
2
3<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
4
5<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
6<head runat="server">
7 <title>无标题页</title>
8</head>
9<body>
10 <form id="form1" runat="server">
11 <div>
12
13 <asp:Button ID="Button1" runat="server" Text="装载服务" />
14 <asp:Button ID="Button2" runat="server" Text="卸载服务" />
15 <asp:Button ID="Button3" runat="server" Text="启动服务" />
16 <asp:Button ID="Button4" runat="server" Text="停止服务" />
17
18 </div>
19 </form>
20</body>
21</html>
22
Default.aspx.cs
1using System;
2using System.Configuration;
3using System.Web;
4using System.Web.Security;
5using System.Web.UI;
6using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
7using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
8using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
9using System.Xml.Linq;
10using System.Configuration.Install;
11using System.Collections;
12using System.ServiceProcess;
13
14
15public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page
16{
17 protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
18 {
19
20 }
21 protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
22 {
23 AssemblyInstaller myassemblyinstaller = new AssemblyInstaller();//加载一个程序集，并运行其中的所有安装程序。
24 myassemblyinstaller.UseNewContext = true;
25 myassemblyinstaller.Path = @"f:/gsw.exe";//服务所在的路径
26 Hashtable mysavedstate = new Hashtable();
27 myassemblyinstaller.Install(mysavedstate);
28 myassemblyinstaller.Commit(mysavedstate);
29 myassemblyinstaller.Dispose();
30 Response.Write("安装服务成功");
31
32 }
33 protected void Button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
34 {
35 AssemblyInstaller myassemblyinstaller = new AssemblyInstaller();
36 myassemblyinstaller.UseNewContext = true;
37 myassemblyinstaller.Path = @"f:/gsw.exe";//服务所在的路径
38 myassemblyinstaller.CommandLine = new string[1] { "/u" };// 利用/u命令来完成卸载
39 myassemblyinstaller.Uninstall(null);
40 myassemblyinstaller.Dispose();
41 Response.Write("卸载服务成功");
42 }
43 protected void Button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
44 {
45 ServiceController sc = new ServiceController();//表示 Windows 服务并允许连接到正在运行或者已停止的服务、对其进行操作或获取有关它的信息。
46 sc.DisplayName = "桂素伟";
47 sc.ServiceName = "WriteTextService";
48 sc.Start();//启动这个名称的服务
49 System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000);
50 sc.Refresh();//刷新服务的状态
51 if (sc.Status == ServiceControllerStatus.Running)//判断服务是已经运行
52 {
53 Response .Write ("服务成功启动！");
54 }
55 }
56 protected void Button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
57 {
58 ServiceController sc = new ServiceController();
59 sc.ServiceName = "WriteTextService";
60 sc.Stop();
61
62 System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000);
63 sc.Refresh();//刷新服务的状态
64 if (sc.Status == ServiceControllerStatus.Stopped)//判断服务是已经运行
65 {
66 Response .Write ("服务成功停止！");
67 }
68 }
69}
70
2using System.Configuration;
3using System.Web;
4using System.Web.Security;
5using System.Web.UI;
6using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
7using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
8using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
9using System.Xml.Linq;
10using System.Configuration.Install;
11using System.Collections;
12using System.ServiceProcess;
13
14
15public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page
16{
17 protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
18 {
19
20 }
21 protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
22 {
23 AssemblyInstaller myassemblyinstaller = new AssemblyInstaller();//加载一个程序集，并运行其中的所有安装程序。
24 myassemblyinstaller.UseNewContext = true;
25 myassemblyinstaller.Path = @"f:/gsw.exe";//服务所在的路径
26 Hashtable mysavedstate = new Hashtable();
27 myassemblyinstaller.Install(mysavedstate);
28 myassemblyinstaller.Commit(mysavedstate);
29 myassemblyinstaller.Dispose();
30 Response.Write("安装服务成功");
31
32 }
33 protected void Button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
34 {
35 AssemblyInstaller myassemblyinstaller = new AssemblyInstaller();
36 myassemblyinstaller.UseNewContext = true;
37 myassemblyinstaller.Path = @"f:/gsw.exe";//服务所在的路径
38 myassemblyinstaller.CommandLine = new string[1] { "/u" };// 利用/u命令来完成卸载
39 myassemblyinstaller.Uninstall(null);
40 myassemblyinstaller.Dispose();
41 Response.Write("卸载服务成功");
42 }
43 protected void Button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
44 {
45 ServiceController sc = new ServiceController();//表示 Windows 服务并允许连接到正在运行或者已停止的服务、对其进行操作或获取有关它的信息。
46 sc.DisplayName = "桂素伟";
47 sc.ServiceName = "WriteTextService";
48 sc.Start();//启动这个名称的服务
49 System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000);
50 sc.Refresh();//刷新服务的状态
51 if (sc.Status == ServiceControllerStatus.Running)//判断服务是已经运行
52 {
53 Response .Write ("服务成功启动！");
54 }
55 }
56 protected void Button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
57 {
58 ServiceController sc = new ServiceController();
59 sc.ServiceName = "WriteTextService";
60 sc.Stop();
61
62 System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000);
63 sc.Refresh();//刷新服务的状态
64 if (sc.Status == ServiceControllerStatus.Stopped)//判断服务是已经运行
65 {
66 Response .Write ("服务成功停止！");
67 }
68 }
69}
70
我们是通过AssemblyInstaller类来完成对服务的装载和卸载，通过ServiceController类来完成对服务的启动和停止。
这样，我们就把服务和控制服务的代友做完整了。
（我的代码是在vista和vs2008下实现的。）
