GoLang设计模式07 - 责任链模式

责任链模式是一种行为型设计模式。在这种模式中,会为请求创建一条由多个Handler组成的链路。每一个进入的请求,都会经过这条链路。这条链路上的Handler可以选择如下操作:

  • 处理请求或跳过处理
  • 决定是否将请求传给这条链路上的下一个Handler

下面是责任链模式的用例图:

关于责任链模式的用途最好还是用个案例来说明下。

以医院为例。在一个医院中会有如下职责成员:

  1. 挂号处
  2. 医生
  3. 收银处
  4. 药房

当病人来医院看病时,他会先去挂号处挂号,然后找医生看病,看完病后去收银处缴费,最后去药房拿药。在这个过程中,病人需要经过一个由四个职责部门组成的链条。病人在一个职责部门的事务结束后才能进入后续的职责部门,在这个过程中我们可以清晰地看到一条职责链。

现在可以说说责任链模式的适用场景了:

  1. 当一个请求需要经过多个环节的处理时;
  2. 因为有多个对象可以处理某个请求,但我们并不想让客户端选择处理请求的对象,同时我们还想将客户端和处理器解耦,此时我们可以选择职责链模式:客户端只需要和职责链中的第一个处理器接触就可以了。

下面是病人到医院看病这个实例的类图:

 实现代码如下:

department.go

type department interface {
	execute(*patient)
	setNext(department)
}

medical.go

import "fmt"

type medical struct {
	next department
}

func (m *medical) execute(p *patient) {
	if p.medicineDone {
		fmt.Println("Medicine already given to patient")
		m.next.execute(p)
		return
	}
	fmt.Println("Medical giving medicine to patient")
	p.medicineDone = true
	m.next.execute(p)
}

func (m *medical) setNext(next department) {
	m.next = next
}

cashier.go

import "fmt"

type cashier struct {
	next department
}

func (c *cashier) execute(p *patient) {
	if p.paymentDone {
		fmt.Println("Payment Done")
	}
	fmt.Println("Cashier getting money from patient patient")
	c.next.execute(p)
}

func (c *cashier) setNext(next department) {
	c.next = next
}

doctor.go

import "fmt"

type doctor struct {
	next department
}

func (d *doctor) execute(p *patient) {
	if p.doctorCheckUpDone {
		fmt.Println("Doctor checkup already done")
		d.next.execute(p)
		return
	}
	fmt.Println("Doctor checking patient")
	p.doctorCheckUpDone = true
	d.next.execute(p)
}

func (d *doctor) setNext(next department) {
	d.next = next
}

reception.go

import "fmt"

type reception struct {
	next department
}

func (r *reception) execute(p *patient) {
	if p.registrationDone {
		fmt.Println("Patient registration already done")
		r.next.execute(p)
		return
	}
	fmt.Println("Reception registering patient")
	p.registrationDone = true
	r.next.execute(p)
}

func (r *reception) setNext(next department) {
	r.next = next
}

patient.go

type patient struct {
	name              string
	registrationDone  bool
	doctorCheckUpDone bool
	medicineDone      bool
	paymentDone       bool
}

  main.go

func main() {

	medical := &medical{}

	//Set next for cashier department
	cashier := &cashier{}
	cashier.setNext(medical)
	//Set next for doctor department
	doctor := &doctor{}
	doctor.setNext(cashier)
	//Set next for reception department
	reception := &reception{}
	reception.setNext(doctor)

	patient := &patient{name: "abc"}
	//Patient visiting
	reception.execute(patient)
}

执行结果如下:

Reception registering patient
Doctor checking patient
Cashier getting money from patient patient
Medical giving medicine to patient

代码已上传至GitHub:zhyea / go-patterns / Chain of Responsibility Design Pattern

END!

posted @ 2021-09-25 20:32  robin·张  阅读(771)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报