MySQL->索引的维护[20180504]

学习MySQL数据库中表的索引维护(新增和删除)
 
    索引的好处:
            提高查询的效率
            可限定特定的资料(如唯一)
    索引的不足:
            如果过多的索引,会影响Insert,Update的速率,因为资料插入和更新同时也会维护索引。
            消耗更多的存储空间
    索引按列可分为,单列索引和组合索引。单列只包含表中的一列,组合索引可包含当前表中多列栏位。
 
    创建普通索引
        CREATE INDEX <index_name> ON <tab_name>(<col_name>(length));
        如果列的类型是CHAR,VARCHAR可以不指定length的值。
        如果列的类型是BLOB,TEXT则需指定length的值
 
    创建表时建立索引
        CREATE TABLE <tab_name>(
            <col_name> TYPE,....
            [INDEX_TYPE] <index_name>(<col_name>(length))
            engine=InnoDB default charset=utf8;
 
mysql> create table index_tab03(
    ->     id int,
    ->    col01 varchar(20),
    ->     index index_01(col01)
    ->      )engine=InnoDB default charset=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
 
mysql> desc index_tab03;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | int(11)     | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| col01 | varchar(20) | YES  | MUL | NULL    |       |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> show index from index_tab03\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: index_tab03
  Non_unique: 1
    Key_name: index_01
Seq_in_index: 1
Column_name: col01
   Collation: A
Cardinality: 0
    Sub_part: NULL
      Packed: NULL
        Null: YES
  Index_type: BTREE
     Comment:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 m

 

    
    ALTER语句维护索引
 
         ALTER TABLE <tab_name> ADD PRIMARY KEY(<column_list>);#增加一个主键,唯一和非空
         ALTER TABLE <tab_name> ADD UNIQUE <index_name>(<column_list>);#增加一个唯一索引,列中可以为NULL并且可以有多次
         ALTER TABLE <tab_name> ADD INDEX <index_name>(<column_list>);#增加一个普通索引
         ALTER TABLE <tab_name> ADD FULLTEXT <index_name>(<column_list>);增加一个全文索引,注意只有MyISAM引擎支持
 
mysql> alter table index_tab01 add primary key(id,col01);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0
 
mysql> alter table index_tab01 add index indx_01(col01);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0
 
mysql> alter table index_tab01 add fulltext indx_02(col01,col02(300));
ERROR 1214 (HY000): The used table type doesn't support FULLTEXT indexes
 
mysql> alter table index_tab01 engine=MyISAM;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0
 
mysql> alter table index_tab01 add fulltext index_02(col01,col02(30));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0
 
mysql> show index from index_tab01\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: index_tab01
  Non_unique: 0
    Key_name: PRIMARY
Seq_in_index: 1
Column_name: id
   Collation: A
Cardinality: NULL
    Sub_part: NULL
      Packed: NULL
        Null:
  Index_type: BTREE
     Comment:
*************************** 2. row ***************************
       Table: index_tab01
  Non_unique: 0
    Key_name: PRIMARY
Seq_in_index: 2
Column_name: col01
   Collation: A
Cardinality: 0
    Sub_part: NULL
      Packed: NULL
        Null:
  Index_type: BTREE
     Comment:
*************************** 3. row ***************************
       Table: index_tab01
  Non_unique: 0
    Key_name: index_un
Seq_in_index: 1
Column_name: col01
   Collation: A
Cardinality: 0
    Sub_part: NULL
      Packed: NULL
        Null:
  Index_type: BTREE
     Comment:
*************************** 4. row ***************************
       Table: index_tab01
  Non_unique: 1
    Key_name: indx_01
Seq_in_index: 1
Column_name: col01
   Collation: A
Cardinality: NULL
    Sub_part: NULL
      Packed: NULL
        Null:
  Index_type: BTREE
     Comment:
*************************** 5. row ***************************
       Table: index_tab01
  Non_unique: 1
    Key_name: index_02
Seq_in_index: 1
Column_name: col01
   Collation: NULL
Cardinality: NULL
    Sub_part: NULL
      Packed: NULL
        Null:
  Index_type: FULLTEXT
     Comment:
*************************** 6. row ***************************
       Table: index_tab01
  Non_unique: 1
    Key_name: index_02
Seq_in_index: 2
Column_name: col02
   Collation: NULL
Cardinality: NULL
    Sub_part: NULL
      Packed: NULL
        Null: YES
  Index_type: FULLTEXT
     Comment:
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 

 

    索引删除
 
        DROP INDEX <index_name> ON <tab_name>;
        ALTER TABLE <tab_name> DROP PRIMARY KEY;
        ALTER TABLE <tab_name> DROP INDEX <index_name>;
 
mysql> alter table index_tab01 drop primary key;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0
 
 
mysql> alter table index_tab01 drop index index_02;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0
 
mysql> drop index index_01 on index_tab01;

 

 
    查看索引结构
        SHOW INDEX FROM <tab_name>\G
posted @ 2018-05-04 13:54  请点..头像  阅读(246)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报