package com.example.zhudashi.servicebestpractice; import android.Manifest; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.ComponentName; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.content.ServiceConnection; import android.content.pm.PackageManager; import android.os.IBinder; import android.os.storage.StorageManager; import android.support.annotation.NonNull; import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat; import android.support.v4.content.ContextCompat; import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.Toast; import java.lang.reflect.Method; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener{ private DownloadService.DownloadBinder downloadBinder; private ServiceConnection connection = new ServiceConnection() { @Override public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName componentName, IBinder service) { //活动和服务绑定的时候执行 downloadBinder = (DownloadService.DownloadBinder) service; } @Override public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName componentName) { //活动和服务断开连接时执行 } }; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); Button startDownload = (Button) findViewById(R.id.start_download); Button pauseDownload = (Button) findViewById(R.id.pause_download); Button cancelDownload = (Button) findViewById(R.id.cancel_download); startDownload.setOnClickListener(this); pauseDownload.setOnClickListener(this); cancelDownload.setOnClickListener(this); // Method mMethodGetPaths = null; // String[] paths = null; // //通过调用类的实例mStorageManager的getClass()获取StorageManager类对应的Class对象 // //getMethod("getVolumePaths")返回StorageManager类对应的Class对象的getVolumePaths方法,这里不带参数 // Context context = MainActivity.this; // StorageManager mStorageManager = (StorageManager)context // .getSystemService(context.STORAGE_SERVICE);//storage // try { // mMethodGetPaths = mStorageManager.getClass().getMethod("getVolumePaths"); // paths = (String[]) mMethodGetPaths.invoke(mStorageManager); // } catch (Exception e) { // // TODO Auto-generated catch block // e.printStackTrace(); // } // System.out.println("zhxing33 path = "+paths[0]); // System.out.println("zhxing33 path = "+paths[1]); Intent intent = new Intent(this,DownloadService.class); startService(intent);//连接服务 bindService(intent,connection,BIND_AUTO_CREATE); //绑定服务,通过connection进行主线程和子线程之间的交互 if(ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){ ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this,new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE},1); } } @Override public void onClick(View view) { if(downloadBinder == null){//未绑定的情况 return ; } switch (view.getId()){ case R.id.start_download: String url = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/guolindev/eclipse/master/eclipse-inst-win64.exe"; downloadBinder.startDownload(url); break; case R.id.pause_download: downloadBinder.pauseDownload(); break; case R.id.cancel_download: downloadBinder.cancelDownload(); break; default: break; } } @Override public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) { switch (requestCode){ case 1: if(grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){ Toast.makeText(this,"拒绝权限无法使用程序",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); finish(); } break; default: } } @Override protected void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); unbindService(connection); } }
1.onCreate()方法中值得注意的是,服务的启动和绑定,
Intent intent = new Intent(this,DownloadService.class);
startService(intent);//启动服务
启动服务只需要一个intent来展现MainActivity和服务之间的关系即可
bindService(intent,connection,BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
绑定服务,使用参数connection对象中的service对象来达到在活动中操作服务中方法的目的。
这里有一个疑问,为什么需要启动服务,直接绑定服务不就行了吗?书上说是为了让DownloadService一直在后台运行,我认为是不成立的,因为后面又把该活动绑定了,所以DownloadService并不会一直在后台运行,他会随着活动的结束而结束,
所以书上说启动和绑定都需要就让人很费解了。
注:
1.通过startservice开启的服务.一旦服务开启, 这个服务和开启他的调用者之间就没有任何的关系了.
调用者不可以访问 service里面的方法. 调用者如果被系统回收了或者调用了ondestroy方法, service还会继续存在
2.通过bindService开启的服务,服务开启之后,调用者和服务之间 还存在着联系 ,
一旦调用者挂掉了.service也会跟着挂掉 .
2.
private ServiceConnection connection = new ServiceConnection() { @Override public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName componentName, IBinder service) { //活动和服务绑定的时候执行 downloadBinder = (DownloadService.DownloadBinder) service; } @Override public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName componentName) { //活动和服务断开连接时执行 } };
运用匿名类,继承ServiceConnection类,重写的onServiceConnected方法在活动和服务绑定的时候执行,其中把service赋值为downloadBinder是为了能在活动中通过downloadBinder调用服务中的方法(onClick()中就有调用)。
package com.example.zhudashi.servicebestpractice; import android.app.Notification; import android.app.NotificationManager; import android.app.PendingIntent; import android.app.Service; import android.content.Intent; import android.graphics.BitmapFactory; import android.os.Binder; import android.os.Environment; import android.os.IBinder; import android.support.v4.app.NotificationCompat; import android.util.Log; import android.widget.Toast; import java.io.File; public class DownloadService extends Service { private DownloadTask downloadTask; private String downloadUrl; //匿名类,继承downloadlistener接口,UI操作 private DownloadListener listener = new DownloadListener() { @Override public void onProgress(int progress) { getNotificationManager().notify(1,getNotification("Downloading...",progress)); } @Override public void onSuccess() { downloadTask = null; stopForeground(true); //下载成功后,关闭前台通知(下载通知),开启新的通知(下载成功通知) getNotificationManager().notify(1,getNotification("Download Success.", -1)); Toast.makeText(DownloadService.this,"Download Success",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } @Override public void onFailed() { downloadTask = null; stopForeground(true); getNotificationManager().notify(1,getNotification("Download Failed",-1)); Toast.makeText(DownloadService.this,"Download Failed",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } @Override public void onPaused() { downloadTask = null; Toast.makeText(DownloadService.this,"pause",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } @Override public void onCanceled() { downloadTask = null; stopForeground(true); Toast.makeText(DownloadService.this,"Cancled",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }; private DownloadBinder mBinder = new DownloadBinder();//用来连接主线程和子线程的联结器,继承至Binder。 @Override public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { // TODO: Return the communication channel to the service. return mBinder; } class DownloadBinder extends Binder { public void startDownload(String url){//启动下载 if(downloadTask == null){ downloadUrl = url; downloadTask = new DownloadTask(listener);//开启异步类(下载和ui更新在里面处理) downloadTask.execute(downloadUrl);//用于启动该异步类 startForeground(1,getNotification("Downloading...",0));//前台服务开启,1是通知id,类似notify()方法的第一个参数 //第二个参数是构建出来的Notification对象。 //调用该方法会让该service变成一个前台服务。 Toast.makeText(DownloadService.this,"Downloading...",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } } public void pauseDownload(){ if(downloadTask != null){//还在下载 downloadTask.pauseDownload(); } } public void cancelDownload(){ if(downloadTask != null){//正在下载 downloadTask.cancelDownload(); }else{//下载完了,或者还没启动下载直接点取消下载的情况下,清空之前下载的文件。 if(downloadUrl != null){ String fileName = downloadUrl.substring(downloadUrl.lastIndexOf("/")); String directory = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS).getPath(); // String directory = System.getenv("EXTERNAL_STORAGE"); File file = new File(directory+fileName); System.out.println("zhixing2 path = "+directory+fileName); if(file.exists()){ file.delete(); System.out.println("zhixng4"); } getNotificationManager().cancel(1);//取消通知1 stopForeground(true);//结束当前前台服务 Toast.makeText(DownloadService.this,"Canceled",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } } } } private NotificationManager getNotificationManager(){ return (NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE); } private Notification getNotification(String title, int progress){ //用来构建一个通知,title是该通知的id。 Intent intent = new Intent(this,MainActivity.class); PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getActivity(this,0,intent,0); NotificationCompat.Builder builder = new NotificationCompat.Builder(this); builder.setSmallIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher); builder.setLargeIcon(BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(),R.mipmap.ic_launcher)); builder.setContentIntent(pi); builder.setContentTitle(title); if(progress > 0){ builder.setContentText(progress+"%"); builder.setProgress(100,progress,false); } return builder.build();//生成一个通知 } }
1.
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
// TODO: Return the communication channel to the service.
return mBinder;
}
继承了service就需要重写onBind()方法,onBind()方法返回的对象mBinder就是用来连接活动和服务的IBinder类型的对象,返回到了MainActivity活动中,在活动和服务绑定时执行onServiceConnected()方法赋值给了downloadBinder以保证
可以在MainActivity活动中操作该服务。、
2.这里又用到一个匿名类,实现DownloadListener接口,里面有五个方法,分别实现以下功能:
void onProgress(int progress);//下载通知
void onSuccess();//下载成功通知和提示
void onFailed();//下载失败通知和提示
void onPaused();//下载暂停提示
void onCanceled();//下载取消的提示,关闭前台通知。
3.
public void startDownload(String url){//启动下载
if(downloadTask == null){
downloadUrl = url;
downloadTask = new DownloadTask(listener);//开启异步类(下载和ui更新在里面处理)
downloadTask.execute(downloadUrl);//用于启动该异步类
startForeground(1,getNotification("Downloading...",0));//前台服务开启,1是通知id,类似notify()方法的第一个参数
//第二个参数是构建出来的Notification对象。
//调用该方法会让该service变成一个前台服务。
Toast.makeText(DownloadService.this,"Downloading...",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
downloadTask.execute(downloadUrl);
这条语句可以理解为开启了子线程,里面有一些耗时的操作以及一些UI操作,该类具体怎么运作,可以看下嘛的代码
package com.example.zhudashi.servicebestpractice; import android.os.AsyncTask; import android.os.Environment; import android.os.storage.StorageManager; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.RandomAccessFile; import okhttp3.OkHttpClient; import okhttp3.Request; import okhttp3.Response; /** * Created by zhudashi on 2018/2/14. */ public class DownloadTask extends AsyncTask<String,Integer,Integer> { //异步类,用来在子线程和主线程之间切换 public static final int TYPE_SUCCESS = 0; public static final int TYPE_FAILED = 1; public static final int TYPE_PAUSED = 2; public static final int TYPE_CANCELED = 3; private DownloadListener listener; private boolean isCanceled = false; private boolean isPaused = false; private int lastProgress; public DownloadTask(DownloadListener listener){ this.listener = listener; } @Override protected Integer doInBackground(String... params) { //子线程中处理,用来处理耗时的代码 InputStream is = null; RandomAccessFile savedFile = null; File file = null; try{ long downloadedLength = 0;//记录下载文件长度 String downloadUrl = params[0]; String filename = downloadUrl.substring(downloadUrl.lastIndexOf("/")); //获取文件名 // String[] paths = null; //通过调用类的实例mStorageManager的getClass()获取StorageManager类对应的Class对象 //getMethod("getVolumePaths")返回StorageManager类对应的Class对象的getVolumePaths方法,这里不带参数 String directory = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory( Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS).getPath(); // String directory = System.getenv("EXTERNAL_STORAGE"); file = new File(directory+filename); System.out.println("zhixing file = "+file.getPath()); if(file.exists()){ downloadedLength = file.length(); } long contentLength = getContentLength(downloadUrl); System.out.println("zhixing3 length="+downloadedLength); //获取的是要下载文件的总长度 if(contentLength == 0){ return TYPE_FAILED; }else if(contentLength == downloadedLength){ //已下载字节和文件总字节相等,说明已经下载完成 return TYPE_SUCCESS; } OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient(); Request request = new Request.Builder() .addHeader("RANGE","bytes="+downloadedLength+"-") .url(downloadUrl) .build(); Response response = client.newCall(request).execute(); if(response != null){ is = response.body().byteStream(); //此时response.body().contentLength()获取的是还需要下载的字节长度。 savedFile = new RandomAccessFile(file,"rw"); savedFile.seek(downloadedLength); byte[] b = new byte[1024]; int total = 0; int len; while((len = is.read(b)) != -1){ if(isCanceled){ return TYPE_CANCELED; }else if(isPaused){ return TYPE_PAUSED; }else{ total+=len; savedFile.write(b,0,len); int progress = (int) ((total+downloadedLength)*100/contentLength); //下载的百分百,整数的 publishProgress(progress); } } response.body().close(); return TYPE_SUCCESS; } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { try{ if(is != null){ is.close(); } if(savedFile != null){ savedFile.close(); } if(isCanceled && file != null){ file.delete(); } }catch (Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } } return TYPE_FAILED; } @Override protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... values) { //后台任务调用publishProgress()方法后调用该方法,主线程中运行,进行UI操作 int progress = values[0]; if(progress > lastProgress){//这次的下载进度和上次的下载进去进行比较 listener.onProgress(progress); lastProgress = progress; } } @Override protected void onPostExecute(Integer status) { //当后台任务执行完毕通过return语句进行返回的时侯,这个方法会被调用,返回数据会传到该 //方法中,可以利用返回数据进行一些UI操作。 //根据参数传入的下载状态进行回调。 switch(status){ case TYPE_SUCCESS: listener.onSuccess(); break; case TYPE_FAILED: listener.onFailed(); break; case TYPE_PAUSED: listener.onPaused(); break; case TYPE_CANCELED: listener.onCanceled(); default: break; } } public void pauseDownload(){ isPaused = true; } public void cancelDownload(){ isCanceled = true; } private long getContentLength(String downloadUrl) throws IOException{ OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient(); Request request = new Request.Builder() .url(downloadUrl) .build(); Response response = client.newCall(request).execute(); if(response != null && response.isSuccessful()){ long contentLength = response.body().contentLength(); response.close(); return contentLength; } return 0; } }
1.该类继承AsyncTask异步类,是为了方便我们在子线程中对UI进行操作,其具体用法书上347页有详细的解答。
简单来说我们把耗时的操作(下载操作)放在doInBackground()(可以简单的认为在执行完downloadTask.execute(downloadUrl);后执行该函数中的语句)中实现,该函数中的代码全部在子线程中运行。
onProgressUpdate()方法(在执行publishprogress()方法后执行该方法)中实现一些UI操作,因为其代码在主线程中运行。
onPostExecute()用来接收doInBackground()中的返回数据,通过不同的返回数据执行不同的UI操作。doInBackground()返回数据时,会在返回数据前先执行finally|{}中的语句。
2.
String filename = downloadUrl.substring(downloadUrl.lastIndexOf("/"));
//读取最后一个/后面的字符串,即下载文件的名字
String directory = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS).getPath();
//得到内置sd卡的路径(这里强调内置sd卡)/storage/emulated/0/Download/。
file = new File(directory+filename);
http://blog.csdn.net/qq_34471736/article/details/54964385
http://blog.csdn.net/tobacco5648/article/details/70314621
//获取内置和外置sd卡路径的方法
我获取的外置sd卡路径是: /storage/0403-0201 不同的sd卡可能不一样,不知道为什么就是存不进去,测试了很多遍。