cell 配置
Cells
Cells functionality enables you to scale an OpenStack Compute cloud in a more distributed fashion without having to use complicated technologies like database and message queue clustering. It supports very large deployments.
When this functionality is enabled, the hosts in an OpenStack Compute cloud are partitioned into groups called cells. Cells are configured as a tree. The top-level cell should have a host that runs a nova-api
service, but no nova-compute
services. Each child cell should run all of the typical nova-*
services in a regular Compute cloud except for nova-api
. You can think of cells as a normal Compute deployment in that each cell has its own database server and message queue broker.
The nova-cells
service handles communication between cells and selects cells for new instances. This service is required for every cell. Communication between cells is pluggable, and currently the only option is communication through RPC.
Cells scheduling is separate from host scheduling. nova-cells
first picks a cell. Once a cell is selected and the new build request reaches its nova-cells
service, it is sent over to the host scheduler in that cell and the build proceeds as it would have without cells.
![]() |
Warning |
---|---|
Cell functionality is currently considered experimental. |
Cells are disabled by default. All cell-related configuration options appear in the [cells]
section in nova.conf
. The following cell-related options are currently supported:
enable
-
Set to
True
to turn on cell functionality. Default isfalse
. name
-
Name of the current cell. Must be unique for each cell.
capabilities
-
List of arbitrary
pairs defining capabilities of the current cell. Values includekey
=value
hypervisor=xenserver;kvm,os=linux;windows
. call_timeout
-
How long in seconds to wait for replies from calls between cells.
scheduler_filter_classes
-
Filter classes that the cells scheduler should use. By default, uses "
nova.cells.filters.all_filters
" to map to all cells filters included with Compute. scheduler_weight_classes
-
Weight classes that the scheduler for cells uses. By default, uses
nova.cells.weights.all_weighers
to map to all cells weight algorithms included with Compute. ram_weight_multiplier
-
Multiplier used to weight RAM. Negative numbers indicate that Compute should stack VMs on one host instead of spreading out new VMs to more hosts in the cell. The default value is 10.0.
The cell type must be changed in the API cell so that requests can be proxied through nova-cells down to the correct cell properly. Edit the nova.conf
file in the API cell, and specify api
in the cell_type
key:
1
2
3
4
5
6
|
[DEFAULT] compute_api_class=nova.compute.cells_api.ComputeCellsAPI ... [cells] cell_type= api |
Edit the nova.conf
file in the child cells, and specify compute
in the cell_type
key:
1
2
3
4
5
6
|
[DEFAULT] # Disable quota checking in child cells. Let API cell do it exclusively. quota_driver=nova. quota .NoopQuotaDriver [cells] cell_type = compute |
Before bringing the services online, the database in each cell needs to be configured with information about related cells. In particular, the API cell needs to know about its immediate children, and the child cells must know about their immediate agents. The information needed is the RabbitMQ server credentials for the particular cell.
Use the nova-manage cell create command to add this information to the database in each cell:
# nova-manage cell create -h usage: nova-manage cell create [-h] [--name <name>] [--cell_type <parent|api|child|compute>] [--username <username>] [--password <password>] [--broker_hosts <broker_hosts>] [--hostname <hostname>] [--port <number>] [--virtual_host <virtual_host>] [--woffset <float>] [--wscale <float>] optional arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit --name <name> Name for the new cell --cell_type <parent|api|child|compute> Whether the cell is parent/api or child/compute --username <username> Username for the message broker in this cell --password <password> Password for the message broker in this cell --broker_hosts <broker_hosts> Comma separated list of message brokers in this cell. Each Broker is specified as hostname:port with both mandatory. This option overrides the --hostname and --port options (if provided). --hostname <hostname> Address of the message broker in this cell --port <number> Port number of the message broker in this cell --virtual_host <virtual_host> The virtual host of the message broker in this cell --woffset <float> --wscale <float>
As an example, assume an API cell named api
and a child cell named cell1
.
Within the api
cell, specify the following RabbitMQ server information:
1
2
3
4
5
|
rabbit_host=10.0.0.10 rabbit_port=5672 rabbit_username=api_user rabbit_password=api_passwd rabbit_virtual_host=api_vhost |
Within the cell1
child cell, specify the following RabbitMQ server information:
1
2
3
4
5
|
rabbit_host=10.0.1.10 rabbit_port=5673 rabbit_username=cell1_user rabbit_password=cell1_passwd rabbit_virtual_host=cell1_vhost |
You can run this in the API cell as root:
# nova-manage cell create --name cell1 --cell_type child \ --username cell1_user --password cell1_passwd --hostname 10.0.1.10 \ --port 5673 --virtual_host cell1_vhost --woffset 1.0 --wscale 1.0
Repeat the previous steps for all child cells.
In the child cell, run the following, as root:
# nova-manage cell create --name api --cell_type parent \ --username api_user --password api_passwd --hostname 10.0.0.10 \ --port 5672 --virtual_host api_vhost --woffset 1.0 --wscale 1.0
To customize the Compute cells, use the configuration option settings documented in Table 4.20, “Description of cell configuration options”.
To determine the best cell to use to launch a new instance, Compute uses a set of filters and weights defined in the /etc/nova/nova.conf
file. The following options are available to prioritize cells for scheduling:
scheduler_filter_classes
-
List of filter classes. By default
nova.cells.filters.all_filters
is specified, which maps to all cells filters included with Compute (see the section called “Filters”). scheduler_weight_classes
-
List of weight classes. By default
nova.cells.weights.all_weighers
is specified, which maps to all cell weight algorithms included with Compute. The following modules are available:-
mute_child
. Downgrades the likelihood of child cells being chosen for scheduling requests, which haven't sent capacity or capability updates in a while. Options includemute_weight_multiplier
(multiplier for mute children; value should be negative). -
ram_by_instance_type
. Select cells with the most RAM capacity for the instance type being requested. Because higher weights win, Compute returns the number of available units for the instance type requested. Theram_weight_multiplier
option defaults to 10.0 that adds to the weight by a factor of 10. Use a negative number to stack VMs on one host instead of spreading out new VMs to more hosts in the cell. -
weight_offset
. Allows modifying the database to weight a particular cell. You can use this when you want to disable a cell (for example, '0'), or to set a default cell by making its weight_offset very high (for example, '999999999999999'). The highest weight will be the first cell to be scheduled for launching an instance.
-
Additionally, the following options are available for the cell scheduler:
scheduler_retries
-
Specifies how many times the scheduler tries to launch a new instance when no cells are available (default=10).
scheduler_retry_delay
-
Specifies the delay (in seconds) between retries (default=2).
As an admin user, you can also add a filter that directs builds to a particular cell. The policy.json
file must have a line with "cells_scheduler_filter:TargetCellFilter" : "is_admin:True"
to let an admin user specify a scheduler hint to direct a build to a particular cell.
Cells store all inter-cell communication data, including user names and passwords, in the database. Because the cells data is not updated very frequently, use the [cells]cells_config
option to specify a JSON file to store cells data. With this configuration, the database is no longer consulted when reloading the cells data. The file must have columns present in the Cell model (excluding common database fields and the id
column). You must specify the queue connection information through a transport_url
field, instead of username
,password
, and so on. The transport_url
has the following form:
rabbit://USERNAME
:PASSWORD
@HOSTNAME
:PORT
/VIRTUAL_HOST
The scheme can be either qpid
or rabbit
, as shown previously. The following sample shows this optional configuration:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
|
{ "parent": { "name": " p a r e n t " , "api_url": " h t t p : / / a p i . e x a m p l e . c o m : 8 7 7 4 " , "transport_url": " r a b b i t : / / r a b b i t . e x a m p l e . c o m " , "weight_offset": 0 . 0 , "weight_scale": 1 . 0 , "is_parent": t r u e } , "cell1": { "name": " c e l l 1 " , "api_url": " h t t p : / / a p i . e x a m p l e . c o m : 8 7 7 4 " , "transport_url": " r a b b i t : / / r a b b i t 1 . e x a m p l e . c o m " , "weight_offset": 0 . 0 , "weight_scale": 1 . 0 , "is_parent": f a l s e } , "cell2": { "name": " c e l l 2 " , "api_url": " h t t p : / / a p i . e x a m p l e . c o m : 8 7 7 4 " , "transport_url": " r a b b i t : / / r a b b i t 2 . e x a m p l e . c o m " , "weight_offset": 0 . 0 , "weight_scale": 1 . 0 , "is_parent": f a l s e } }
|