python详细安装pip教程

首先安装Python

我安装了两个版本:

　　Python-2.7.10.tgz

　　Python-3.5.1.tgz

首先看一下系统自带的Python版本：

[root@zk src]# python -V
Python 2.6.6

安装Python2.7版本：

[root@zk src]# tar zxvf Python-2.7.10.tgz 
[root@zk src]# cd Python-2.7.10
[root@zk Python-2.7.10]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python27
[root@zk Python-2.7.10]# make && make install

把原来Python版本备份：

[root@zk Python-2.7.10]# mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python_old

建立Python2.7软连接：

[root@zk Python-2.7.10]# ln -s /usr/local/python27/bin/python /usr/bin/python
[root@zk Python-2.7.10]# python -V
Python 2.7.10

安装Python3.5版本：

[root@zk src]# tar zxvf Python-3.5.1.tgz 
[root@zk src]# cd Python-3.5.1
[root@zk Python-3.5.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3
[root@zk Python-3.5.1]# make && make install
[root@zk Python-3.5.1]# ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
[root@zk Python-3.5.1]# python3 -V
Python 3.5.1

开始安装pip

首先下载pip:

[root@zk src]# wget "https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pip/pip-1.5.4.tar.gz#md5=834b2904f92d46aaa333267fb1c922bb" --no-check-certificate

解压安装：

[root@zk src]# tar -zxvf pip-1.5.4.tar.gz 
[root@zk src]# cd pip-1.5.4
[root@zk pip-1.5.4]# python setup.py install
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "setup.py", line 6, in <module>
    from setuptools import setup, find_packages
ImportError: No module named setuptools

看到“ImportError: No module named setuptools”，缺少setuptools模块

下载安装setuptools模块：

[root@zk src]# wget --no-check-certificate https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-12.0.3.tar.gz#md5=f07e4b0f4c1c9368fcd980d888b29a65 
[root@zk src]# tar zxvf setuptools-12.0.3.tar.gz 
[root@zk setuptools-12.0.3]# python setup.py build
[root@zk setuptools-12.0.3]# python setup.py install
***
z = zipfile.ZipFile(zip_filename, mode, compression=compression)
  File "/usr/local/python27/lib/python2.7/zipfile.py", line 736, in __init__
    "Compression requires the (missing) zlib module"
RuntimeError: Compression requires the (missing) zlib module

看到缺少zlib模块,解决方法：

[root@zk setuptools-12.0.3]# yum install zlib zlib-devel

安装完成之后需要重新编译Python2.7和3.5：

[root@zk setuptools-12.0.3]# cd ../Python-2.7.10
[root@zk Python-2.7.10]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python27/
[root@zk Python-2.7.10]# make && make install
[root@zk Python-2.7.10]# rm -rf /usr/bin/python
[root@zk Python-2.7.10]# rm -rf /usr/bin/python3
[root@zk Python-2.7.10]# ln -s /usr/local/python27/bin/python /usr/bin/python
[root@zk Python-2.7.10]# cd ../setuptools-12.0.3
[root@zk setuptools-12.0.3]# python setup.py build
running build
running build_py
[root@zk setuptools-12.0.3]# python setup.py install
***
Processing dependencies for setuptools==12.0.3
Finished processing dependencies for setuptools==12.0.3

重新安装之后成功了！但是现在只是把setuptools安装好了，在重新安装pip：

[root@zk pip-1.5.4]# python setup.py install

Installed /usr/local/python27/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-1.5.4-py2.7.egg
Processing dependencies for pip==1.5.4
Finished processing dependencies for pip==1.5.4

[root@zk pip-1.5.4]# python -m pip install a

/usr/bin/python: cannot import name HTTPSHandler; 'pip' is a package and cannot be directly executed

根据上面提示又是缺少HTTPSHandler模块，安装：

[root@zk ~]# yum install openssl openssl-devel -y

然后再重新安装编译Python，安装完成时候在重新安装pip：

[root@zk ~]# python
Python 2.7.10 (default, Apr 29 2016, 11:43:29) 
[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-16)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import virtualenv
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ImportError: No module named virtualenv
>>> exit()
[root@zk ~]# python -m pip install virtualenv
Downloading/unpacking virtualenv
  Downloading virtualenv-15.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.8MB): 1.8MB downloaded
Installing collected packages: virtualenv
Successfully installed virtualenv
Cleaning up...
[root@zk ~]# python
Python 2.7.10 (default, Apr 29 2016, 11:43:29) 
[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-16)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import virtualenv
>>> 

~ok,已经成功了！

如果安装的时候不出问题是最好的，所以在安装软件的时候一点要先把依赖包安装好！