springmvc02,使用注解
unit04_01
a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping组件
@RequestMapping("/login.do")
该标记用在Controller业务方法前
b.Controller编写和配置
取消了实现Controller接口及方法的约定,可以允许程序猿按需要灵活定义业务方法.
Controller需要扫描到Spring容器,必须使用@Controller
public ModelAndView或者String 方法名(根据需要定义request,session,response)
例子:
public String execute(){
return "hello";
}
public ModelAndView execute(){
ModelAndView mav=new ModelAndView();
mav.getModel().put("msg", "模型数据");//等价于request.setAttribute("msg","data");
return "hello";
}
流程:
-->DispatcherServlet
-->HandlerMapping
-->HelloController
-->ViewResolver
-->hello.jsp
完整代码:
spring xml:
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!-- 扫描controller -->
<context:component-scan base-package="org.alexhe"></context:component-scan>
<!-- 配置viewResolver -->
<bean id="viewresolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/"></property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
web.xml:
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
HelloController.java:
package org.alexhe.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
@Controller
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping("/hello.do")
public ModelAndView execute(){
ModelAndView mav=new ModelAndView();
mav.setViewName("hello");
mav.getModel().put("msg", "我是一个msg");
return mav;
}
}
hello.jsp:
<h2>springmvc注解版,${msg}</h2>
unit04_02
进入登陆页面
/tologin.do
-->DispatcherServlet
-->Handlermapping
-->Logincontroller.toLogin
-->ViewResolver
-->login.jsp
/login.do
-->DispatcherServlet
-->Handlermapping
-->Logincontroller.checkLogin
-->ViewResolver
-->错误login.jsp,正确ok.jsp
完整代码:
login.jsp:
<form action="login.do" method="post">
用户名:<input type="text" name="username"><br>
密码:<input type="password" name="password"><br>
<input type="submit" value="登陆">
</form>
LoginController:
package org.alexhe.controller;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class LoginController {
@RequestMapping("/tologin.do")
public String toLogin(){
return "login";//返回视图名称
}
@RequestMapping("/login.do")
public String checkLogin(HttpServletRequest request){
//获取请求信息
String name=request.getParameter("username");
String password=request.getParameter("password");
if("root".equals(name)&&"1234".equals(password)){
return "ok";
}else{
return "login";
}
}
}
1.如何接受请求参数
a。利用HttpServletRequest
b。利用业务方法参数
--参数名与请求参数key保持一致,public String f1(String username,String password)
--利用@RequestParam("key"),public String f1(@RequestParam("username")String name,@RequestParam("password")String pass)//前台jsp传过来的是username和password
c。利用实体对象参数
使用建议:少量参数用b。大量参数用c。遇到非字符串类型参数建议使用a。
例子:
@RequestMapping("/login1.do")
public String checkLogin1(String username,String password){
System.out.println("执行checklong1方法");
System.out.println("username:"+username);
System.out.println("password:"+password);
return "login";
}
@RequestMapping("/login2.do")
public String checkLogin2(@RequestParam("username")String name,@RequestParam("password")String passw){
System.out.println("执行checklong2方法");
System.out.println("username:"+name);
System.out.println("password:"+pass);
return "login";
}
//测试用实体对象接收请求参数,前台jsp不需要像struts一样改成user.username。还是用username和password
@RequestMapping("/login2.do")
public String checkLogin2(User user){
System.out.println("执行checklong2方法");
System.out.println(user.getUsername());
return "login";
}
2.Controller如何向相应jsp传值
a。利用HttpServletRequest
b。利用ModelAndView做返回值
c。利用ModelMap方法参数
d。使用@ModelAttribute("key")
c的例子:
@RequestMapping("/login3.do")
public String checkLogin3(String username,String password,ModelMap model){
if("root".equals(username)&&"1234".equals(password)){
model.put("user", username);
return "ok";
}else{
model.put("msg","用户名密码错误");
return "login";
}
}
3.Controller如何使用Session
--
public String checkLogin(HttpServletRequest request){
}
或者干脆直接加HttpSession
public String checkLogin(HttpSession session){
}
例子:
@RequestMapping("/login3.do")
public String checkLogin3(String username,String password,ModelMap model,HttpSession session){
}
案例:列表显示功能 (unit0501 1:25:00)
/list.do
-->DispatcherServlet
-->Handlermapping
-->ListController,传递到list.jsp
-->ViewResolver
-->/WEB-INF/list.jsp
4如何解决中文接收乱码问题
mysql jdbc utf-8
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
filter拦截器里加request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
filter例子:
web.xml里加:
<filter>
<filter-name>myfilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.alexhe.filter.MyFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>myfilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
MyFilter类:
//每次的拦截方法
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)
throws IOException, ServletException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
//前期逻辑会走
chain.doFilter(request, response);//调用servlet,放行
//后面的逻辑,也会走
}
除了上面这个方法,还有spring-webjar包里有很多filter,listener组件:
不用自己写myfilter类,并把web.xml改成:
<filter>
<filter-name>myfilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>myfilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
如果get请求有中文,需要改tomcat的配置文件。
5.如何处理异常
测试类Controller,访问他肯定报空指针异常:
@Controller
public class ExceptionController1 {
@RequestMapping("/exception1.do")
public String ex1(){
String s =null;
s.length();
return "ok";
}
}
只要在applicationContext.xml加:这就是全局异常
<!-- 异常处理器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">
<property name="exceptionMappings">
<props>
<prop key="java.lang.Exception">error</prop> <!-- 加上前缀后缀,找WEB-INF/error.jsp ,可以多加几个prop,针对不同异常指定不同的相应页面-->
</props>
</property>
</bean>
这样访问http://localhost:8080/dnspringmvc2/exception1.do就会跳到报错页面了
第二种方法:每个controller最好都加,执行该方法后,不会再调用ExceptionResolver
//局部当前Controller异常处理,只限于当前Controller出现异常
@ExceptionHandler
public String handleException(HttpServletRequest request,Exception e){
request.setAttribute("msg", "带出去的消息");
return "error";
}
第三种方法:常用于测试阶段,把异常集中写入文件。
spring的xml,需要注释第一种方法的全局简单异常:
<!-- 使用自定义ExceptionResolver -->
<bean class="org.alexhe.exception.MyExceptionHandler">
</bean>
MyExceptionHandler.java:
public class MyExceptionHandler implements HandlerExceptionResolver{
@Override
public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object arg2,
Exception e) {
// 把异常写入文件
System.out.println(e);
//返回错误页面
ModelAndView mav=new ModelAndView();
mav.setViewName("error");
return mav;
}
}
6.如何实现登录权限检查
使用session进行约定值判断。
实现方法:1.采用Filter。2.采用拦截器
a拦截器组件简介
拦截器是springmvc的组件
拦截器可以在Controller之前或者之后拦截;
也可以在jsp解析完毕给浏览器输出之前拦截。
b.拦截器的使用方法
首先编写一个拦截器组件(实现HandlerInterceptor),在约定方法中添加要插入的逻辑,然后在applicationContext.xml中配置一下。
spring.xml:
<!-- 配置拦截器 -->
<mvc:interceptors>
<mvc:interceptor>
<!-- 拦截哪些请求 -->
<mvc:mapping path="/tologin.do"/>
<mvc:mapping path="/tohello.do"/>
<!-- <mvc:mapping path="/**"/> 表示全都拦下 /*只拦一层 -->
<!-- 放过哪些请求 -->
<mvc:exclude-mapping path="/tologin.do"/>
<bean class="org.alexhe.interceptor.LoginInterceptor"></bean>
</mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>
拦截器.java:
public class LoginInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
//请求处理完毕,输出之前
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3)
throws Exception {
}
//Controller之后
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3)
throws Exception {
}
//请求处理之前,Controller之前
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object arg2) throws Exception {
//实现登陆检查
HttpSession session=request.getSession();
//获取登陆成功后放置的用户信息。
String name=(String)session.getAttribute("username");
if(name!=null){//登陆成功
return true;//继续执行mvc后续流程
}else{//未登陆
response.sendRedirect("toLogin.do");
return false;
}
//return false;//记得改成true
}
}