系统参数调试与优化

内核TCP参数优化

net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 2000 65000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000
net.ipv4.route.gc_timeout = 100
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 16384
net.core.somaxconn = 16384
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 16384

  

参数解释

net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout 
#表示套接字由本端要求关闭,这个参数决定了它保持在FIN-WAIT-2状态的时间,默认值是60秒。 该参数对应系统路径为:/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_fin_timeout 60
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse 
#表示开启重用。允许将TIME-WAIT sockets重新用于新的TCP连接,默认值为0,表示关闭。 该参数对应系统路径为:/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_tw_reuse 0
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle 
#表示开启TCP连接中TIME-WAIT sockets的快速回收。 该参数对应系统路径为:/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_tw_recycle,默认为0,表示关闭。 提示:reuse和recycle这两个参数是为防止生产环境下Web、Squid等业务服务器time_wait网络状态数量过多设置的。
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies 
#表示开启SYN Cookies功能。当出现SYN等待队列溢出时,启用Cookies来处理,可防范少量SYN攻击,这个参数也可以不添加。 该参数对应系统路径为:/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_syncookies,默认值为1
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time 
#表示当keepalive启用时,TCP发送keepalive消息的频度。默认是2小时,建议改为10分钟。 该参数对应系统路径为:/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_keepalive_time,默认为7200秒。
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range 
#该选项用来设定允许系统打开的端口范围,即用于向外连接的端口范围。 该参数对应系统路径为:/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range 32768 61000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog 
#表示SYN队列的长度,即半连接队列长度,默认为1024,建议加大队列的长度为8192或更多,这样可以容纳更多等待连接的网络连接数。 该参数为服务器端用于记录那些尚未收到客户端确认信息的连接请求最大值。 该参数对象系统路径为:/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_max_syn_backlog
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets 
#表示系统同时保持TIME_WAIT套接字的最大数量,如果超过这个数值,TIME_WAIT套接字将立刻被清除并打印警告信息。 默认为180000,对于Apache、Nginx等服务器来说可以将其调低一点,如改为5000~30000,
#不同业务的服务器也可以给大一点,比如LVS、Squid。 此项参数可以控制TIME_WAIT套接字的最大数量,避免Squid服务器被大量的TIME_WAIT套接字拖死。 该参数对应系统路径为:/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_max_tw_buckets
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries 
#参数的值决定了内核放弃连接之前发送SYN+ACK包的数量。 该参数对应系统路径为:/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_synack_retries,默认值为5
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries 
#表示在内核放弃建立连接之前发送SYN包的数量。 该参数对应系统路径为:/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_syn_retries,默认值为6
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans 
#用于设定系统中最多有多少个TCP套接字不被关联到任何一个用户文件句柄上。 如果超过这个数值,孤立连接将被立即被复位并打印出警告信息。 这个限制只有为了防止简单的DoS攻击。
#不能过分依靠这个限制甚至认为减少这个值,更多的情况是增加这个值。该参数对应系统路径为:/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_max_orphans ,默认值8192
net.core.somaxconn 
#同时发起的TCP的最大连接数,即全连接队列长度,在高并发请求中,可能会导致链接超时或重传,一般结合并发请求数来调大此值。 该参数对应系统路径为:/proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn ,默认值是128
net.core.netdev_max_backlog 
#表示当每个网络接口接收数据包的速率比内核处理这些包的速率快时,允许发送到队列的数据包最大数。 该参数对应系统路径为:/proc/sys/net/core/netdev_max_backlog,默认值为1000

  

limits.conf

# /etc/security/limits.conf

#*               soft    core            0
#*               hard    rss             10000
#@student        hard    nproc           20
#@faculty        soft    nproc           20
#@faculty        hard    nproc           50
#ftp             hard    nproc           0
#@student        -       maxlogins       4

# End of file

*                soft    core            unlimited
*                hard    core            unlimited
*                soft    nproc           1000000
*                hard    nproc           1000000
*                soft    nofile          1000000
*                hard    nofile          1000000
*                soft    memlock         32000
*                hard    memlock         32000
*                soft    msgqueue        8192000
*                hard    msgqueue        8192000

  

sysctl.conf

# Controls source route verification
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

# Do not accept source routing
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0

# Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernel
kernel.sysrq = 0

# Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename.
# Useful for debugging multi-threaded applications.
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1

# Controls the use of TCP syncookies
# 表示是否打开TCP同步标签(syncookie),内核必须打开了CONFIG_SYN_COOKIES项进行编译,同步标签可以防止一个套接字在有过多试图连接到达时引起过载。	
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1

# Disable netfilter on bridges.
# net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables:是否在arptables的FORWARD中过滤网桥的ARP包
# net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables:是否在ip6tables链中过滤IPv6包
# net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables:是否在iptables链中过滤IPv4包
# net.bridge.bridge-nf-filter-vlan-tagged:是否在iptables/arptables中过滤打了vlan标签的包

net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 0
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 0
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 0

# Controls the default maxmimum size of a mesage queue
kernel.msgmnb = 65536

# # Controls the maximum size of a message, in bytes
kernel.msgmax = 65536

# Controls the maximum shared segment size, in bytes
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736

# # Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages
kernel.shmall = 4294967296

# TCP kernel paramater
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 786432 1048576 1572864
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096        87380   4194304
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096        16384   4194304
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1

# socket buffer
net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 262144
net.core.somaxconn = 20480
net.core.optmem_max = 81920

# TCP conn
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_retries1 = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_retries2 = 15

# tcp conn reuse
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 20000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1 #?
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1

# keepalive conn
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 10001    65000

# swap
vm.overcommit_memory = 0
vm.swappiness = 10

#net.ipv4.conf.eth1.rp_filter = 0
#net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_ignore = 1
#net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce = 2
#net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 1
#net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2

 

https://www.cnblogs.com/operationhome/p/14774236.html  

https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/156870.html

 

posted @ 2021-05-15 09:18  AlexG  阅读(197)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报