commands模块
[Python] 利用commands模块执行Linux shell命令
1. commands.getoutput('shell command')
执行shell命令,返回结果(string类型)
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'/home/oracle'
2. commands.getstatus('file')
该函数已被python丢弃,不建议使用,它返回 ls -ld file 的结果(String)(返回结果太奇怪了,难怪被丢弃)
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'-rw-rw-r-- 1 oracle oracle 829440 Jan 29 10:36 admin.tar'
3. commands.getstatusoutput('shell command')
执行shell命令, 返回两个元素的元组tuple(status, result),status为int类型,result为string类型。
cmd的执行方式是{ cmd ; } 2>&1, 故返回结果包含标准输出和标准错误.
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(0, '/home/oracle')
下面的一个脚本利用commands模块检测磁盘使用率,标识出大于10%的磁盘(百分比可根据实际情况调整,一般设为90%,本例为了更好的说明情况,设为10%):
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import commands
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threshold = 10
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flag = False
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title=commands.getoutput("df -h|head -1")
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'''
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Check sda disk space usage like below format:
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/dev/sda2 20G 2.3G 17G 13% /
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/dev/sda6 20G 306M 19G 2% /var
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/dev/sda3 49G 2.8G 44G 7% /home
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/dev/sda5 49G 4.5G 42G 10% /opt
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/dev/sda1 194M 12M 172M 7% /boot
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'''
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chkDiskList=commands.getoutput("df -h|grep sda").split('\n')
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usedPercents=commands.getoutput("df -h|grep sda|awk '{print $5}'|grep -Eo '[0-9]+'").split('\n')
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for i in range(0,len(usedPercents)):
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if int(usedPercents[i]) >= threshold:
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chkDiskList[i] += ' ----Caution!!! space usage >= ' + str(threshold)
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flag = True
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'''
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Check disk space usage like below format:
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/dev/mapper/backup-backup_lv
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751G 14G 699G 2% /backup
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/dev/mapper/data-data_lv
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751G 172G 540G 25% /data
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'''
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chkDiskList_2=commands.getoutput("df -h|grep -v sda|grep -v tmp|grep -v system").split('\n')
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usedPercents_2=commands.getoutput("df -h|grep -v map|grep -v sda|grep -v tmp|grep -v system|awk '{print $4}'|grep -Eo '[0-9]+'").split('\n')
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for i in range(0,len(usedPercents_2)):
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if int(usedPercents_2[i]) >= threshold:
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chkDiskList_2[i*2 + 1] += ' ----Caution!!! space usage >= ' + str(threshold)
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flag = True
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if flag == True:
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#combine tile, chkDiskList, chkDisklist_2
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result = [title,]
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result.extend(chkDiskList)
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result.extend(chkDiskList_2)
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for line in result:
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print line
假设当前的磁盘使用率如下:
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[oracle@lx200 ~/admin/python]$ df -h
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Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
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/dev/sda2 20G 2.3G 17G 13% /
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/dev/sda6 20G 306M 19G 2% /var
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/dev/sda3 49G 2.8G 44G 7% /home
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/dev/sda5 49G 4.5G 42G 10% /opt
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/dev/sda1 194M 12M 172M 7% /boot
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tmpfs 18G 0 18G 0% /dev/shm
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/dev/mapper/backup-backup_lv
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751G 14G 699G 2% /backup
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/dev/mapper/data-data_lv
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751G 174G 539G 25% /data
执行该脚本后的结果如下:
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Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
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/dev/sda2 20G 2.3G 17G 13% / ----Caution!!! space usage >= 10
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/dev/sda6 20G 306M 19G 2% /var
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/dev/sda3 49G 2.8G 44G 7% /home
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/dev/sda5 49G 4.5G 42G 10% /opt ----Caution!!! space usage >= 10
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/dev/sda1 194M 12M 172M 7% /boot
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/dev/mapper/backup-backup_lv
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751G 14G 699G 2% /backup
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/dev/mapper/data-data_lv
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751G 174G 539G 25% /data ----Caution!!! space usage >= 10
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